Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T03:00:49.169Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

16 - The Development of Temperament, Personality Traits, and Coping in Childhood and Adolescence

from Part IV - Psychological Foundations of the Development of Coping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2023

By
Rebecca L. Shiner ,
Tessa van den Berg ,
Marcel A. G. van Aken  and
Odilia M. Laceulle
Edited by
Ellen A. Skinner  and
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Ellen A. Skinner
Affiliation:
Portland State University
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Affiliation:
Griffith University, Queensland
Get access

Summary

This chapter addresses the ways that temperament and personality traits and coping develop and mutually affect each other throughout childhood and adolescence. The associations between personality traits and coping are typically modest in size, although the links may be stronger in childhood than later in life. Research on normative patterns suggests that, across both domains, children experience growth in self-regulation in middle childhood, followed by a dip in self-regulation in early adolescence, and then gradual improvements in later adolescence. Temperament and personality traits, stress, and coping may be related through five processes: traits affect exposure to stressors; traits affect youth’s appraisal of stressors; traits shape which coping strategies youth use; traits and coping interact to shape adaptation; and chronic use of coping strategies may affect trait development. Finally, narrative identity may also play an important part in helping young people cope with stress and adversity starting in adolescence.

Keywords

copingtemperamentpersonality traitsstress
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of the Development of Coping , pp. 401 - 424
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, J. M., & Clark, L. A. (2019). Incorporating narrative identity into structural approaches to personality and psychopathology. Journal of Research in Personality, 82, Article 103857.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103857Google Scholar
Adler, J. M., Dunlop, W. L., Fivush, R., Lilgendahl, J. P., Lodi-Smith, J., McAdams, D. P., McLean, K. C., Pasupathi, M., & Syed, M. (2017). Research methods for studying narrative identity: A primer. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(5), 519–527. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617698202CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, J. M., Lodi-Smith, J., Philippe, F. L., & Houle, I. (2016). The incremental validity of narrative identity in predicting well-being: A review of the field and recommendations for the future. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 20(2), 142–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868315585068CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allport, G. W. (1937). Personality: A psychological interpretation. Holt.Google Scholar
Bolger, N., & Zuckerman, A. (1995). A framework for studying personality in the stress process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 890–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.890Google Scholar
Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010). Personality and coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 679–704. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352Google Scholar
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W., & Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453–484. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., & Shiner, R. L. (2006). Personality development. In Damon, W. & Lerner, R. (Series Eds.) & Eisenberg, N. (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 3. Social, emotional, and personality development (6th ed., pp. 300–365). Wiley.Google Scholar
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Bettis, A. H., Watson, K. H., Gruhn, M. A., Dunbar, J. P., Williams, E., & Thigpen, J. C. (2017). Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 143(9), 939–991. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000110CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Compas, B. E., Jaser, S. S., Dunbar, J. P., Watson, K. H., Bettis, A. H., Gruhn, M. A., & Williams, E. K. (2014). Coping and emotion regulation from childhood to early adulthood: Points of convergence and divergence. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12043CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Connor-Smith, J. K., & Flachsbart, C. (2007). Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93(6), 1080–1107. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Del Giudice, M. D. (2014). Middle childhood: An evolutionary-developmental synthesis. Child Development Perspectives, 8(4), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12084CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denissen, J. J. A., van Aken, M. A. G., Penke, L., & Wood, D. (2013). Self-regulation underlies temperament and personality: An integrative developmental framework. Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12050CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Pauw, S. S. W. (2017). Childhood personality and temperament. In Widiger, T. A. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the five-factor model (pp. 243–280). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Derryberry, D., Reed, M. A., & Pilkenton-Taylor, C. (2003). Temperament and coping: Advantages of an individual differences perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 15(4), 1049–1066. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579403000439CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunlop, W. L., Guo, J., & McAdams, D. P. (2016). The autobiographical author through time: Examining the degree of stability and change in redemptive and contaminated personal narratives. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(5), 428–436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550616644654CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. Norton & Co.Google Scholar
Evans, P., Martin, A. J., & Ivcevic, Z. (2018). Personality, coping, and school well-being: An investigation of high school students. Social Psychology of Education, 21(5), 1061–1080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9456-8Google Scholar
Frydenberg, E. (2014). Coping research: Historical background, links with emotion, and new research directions on adaptive processes. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(2), 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12051CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Funder, D. C. (2019). The personality puzzle (8th ed.). Norton Press.Google Scholar
Galla, B. M., & Wood, J. J. (2015). Trait self-control predicts adolescents’ exposure and reactivity to daily stressful events. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 69–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12083CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallagher, D. J. (1990). Extraversion, neuroticism and appraisal of stressful academic events. Personality and Individual Differences, 11(10), 1053–1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90133-CGoogle Scholar
Hammen, C. (1991). Generation of stress in the course of unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.100.4.555Google Scholar
Hammen, C. (2018). Risk factors for depression: An autobiographical review. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 14(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084811CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jamieson, J. P. (2017). Challenge and threat appraisals. In Elliot, A. J., Dweck, C. S., & Yeager, D. S. (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation: Theory and application (pp. 175–191). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Jeronimus, B. F., Riese, H., Sanderman, R., & Ormel, J. (2014). Mutual reinforcement between neuroticism and life experiences: A five-wave, 16-year study to test reciprocal causation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 107(4), 751–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037009Google Scholar
Kalka, D., & Karcz, B. (2020). Personality, coping with stress and quality of life in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes in late adolescence-mediation model testing. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2018.1552585CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiekens, G., Bruffaerts, R., Nock, M. K., Van de Ven, M., Witteman, C., Mortier, P., … & Claes, L. (2015). Non-suicidal self-injury among Dutch and Belgian adolescents: Personality, stress and coping. European Psychiatry, 30(6), 743–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.007Google Scholar
Kilby, C. J., Sherman, K. A., & Wuthrich, V. (2018). Towards understanding interindividual differences in stressor appraisals: A systematic review. Personality and Individual Differences, 135, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.001Google Scholar
Klimstra, T. A., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2017). A theoretical framework for the associations between identity and psychopathology. Developmental Psychology, 53(11), 2052–2065. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000356Google Scholar
Laceulle, O. M., Jeronimus, B. F., van Aken, M. A. G., & Ormel, J. (2015). Why not everyone gets their fair share of stress: Adolescents’ perceived relationship affection mediates associations between temperament and subsequent stressful social events. European Journal of Personality, 29(2), 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.1989CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laceulle, O. M., van Aken, M. A. G., Ormel, J., & Nederhof, E. (2015). Stress-sensitivity and reciprocal associations between stressful events and adolescent temperament. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.Google Scholar
Lengua, L. J., & Sandler, I. N. (1996). Self-regulation as a moderator of the relation between coping and symptomatology in children of divorce. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24(6), 681–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01664734Google Scholar
Lengua, L. J., Sandler, I. N., West, S. G., Wolchik, S. A., & Curran, P. J. (1999). Emotionality and self-regulation, threat appraisal, and coping in children of divorce. Development and Psychopathology, 11(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499001935Google Scholar
Lilgendahl, J. P., McLean, K. C., & Mansfield, C. D. (2013). When is meaning making unhealthy for the self? The roles of neuroticism, implicit theories, and memory telling in trauma and transgression memories. Memory, 21(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658211.2012.706615CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, R. T. (2013). Stress generation: Future directions and clinical implications. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(3), 406–416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.005Google Scholar
Lyons, M. D., Huebner, E. S., & Hills, K. J. (2016). Relations among personality characteristics, environmental events, coping behavior and adolescents’ life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(3), 1033–1050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9630-zCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mak, A. S., Blewitt, K., & Heaven, P. C. (2004). Gender and personality influences in adolescent threat and challenge appraisals and depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(6), 1483–1496. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00243-5Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P. (2013). The psychological self as actor, agent, and author. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 272–295. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612464657Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., & McLean, K. C. (2013). Narrative identity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413475622Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., & Olson, B. D. (2010). Personality development: Continuity and change over the life course. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 517–542. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100507Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.61.3.204Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., Shiner, R. L., & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.). (, 2019). Handbook of personality development. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1987). Validation of the five‐factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81Google Scholar
McLean, K. C., & Lilgendahl, J. P. (2019). Narrative identity in adolescence and adulthood. In McAdams, D., Shiner, R. L., & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 418–432). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, C., Reese, E., Salmon, K., & Jose, P. (2020). Narrative coherence, psychopathology, and wellbeing: Concurrent and longitudinal findings in a mid-adolescent sample. Journal of Adolescence, 79(1), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.12.003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modecki, K. L., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Guerra, N. (2017). Emotion regulation, coping, and decision making: Three linked skills for preventing externalizing problems in adolescence. Child Development, 88(2), 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12734CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noble-Carr, D., & Woodman, E. (2018). Considering identity and meaning constructions for vulnerable young people. Journal of Adolescent Research, 33(6), 672–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558416684952Google Scholar
Oldehinkel, A. J., Hartman, C. A., Nederhof, E., Riese, H., & Ormel, J. (2011). Effortful control as predictor of adolescents’ psychological and physiological responses to a social stress test: The Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey. Development and Psychopathology, 23(2), 679–688. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579411000095CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ong, X. L., Hong, R. Y., Tsai, F.-F., & Tan, S. H. (2019). Becoming more or less mature? The decline of self-control in middle childhood. Journal of Personality, 87(4), 799–812. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12434Google Scholar
Pals, J. L. (2006). Narrative identity processing of difficult life experiences: Pathways of personality development and positive self-transformation in adulthood. Journal of Personality, 74(4), 1079–1110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00403.xGoogle Scholar
Parker, J. D., & Wood, L. M. (2008). Personality and the coping process. In Boyle, G. J., Matthews, G., & Saklofske, D. H. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of personality theory and assessment (pp. 506–519). Sage.Google Scholar
Pavani, J.-B., Le Vigouroux, S., Kop, J.-L., Congard, A., & Dauvier, B. (2016). Affect and affect regulation strategies reciprocally influence each other in daily life: The case of positive reappraisal, problem-focused coping, appreciation and rumination. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(5), 2077–2095. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9686-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penley, J. A., & Tomaka, J. (2002). Associations among the Big Five, emotional responses, and coping with acute stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(7), 1215–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00087-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polderman, T. J. C., Benyamin, B., de Leeuw, C. A., Sullivan, P. F., van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P. M., & Posthuma, D. (2015). Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nature Genetics, 47(7), 702–709. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3285Google Scholar
Reese, E., Myftari, E., McAnally, H. M., Chen, Y., Neha, T., Wang, Q., Jack, F., Robertson, S.-J. (2017). Telling the tale and living well: Adolescent narrative identity, personality traits, and well-being across cultures. Child Development, 88(2), 612–628. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12618Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K. (2011). Becoming who we are: Temperament and personality in development. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Rothbart, M. K., Ahadi, S. A., Hershey, K. L., & Fisher, P. (2001). Investigations of temperament at three to seven years: The Children’s Behavior Questionnaire. Child Development, 72(5), 1394–1408. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00355Google Scholar
Sameroff, A. J., & Haith, M. M. (Eds.). (1996). The five to seven year shift: The age of reason and responsibility. University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Scarr, S., & McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: A theory of genotype → environment effects. Child Development, 54(2), 424–435. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129703Google Scholar
Schneider, T. R., Rench, T. A., Lyons, J. B., & Riffle, R. R. (2012). The influence of neuroticism, extraversion and openness on stress responses. Stress and Health, 28(2), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shewchuk, R. M., Elliott, T. R., MacNair‐Semands, R. R., & Harkins, S. (1999). Trait influences on stress appraisal and coping: An evaluation of alternative frameworks. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(4), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb02019.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiner, R. L. (2019). Negative emotionality and neuroticism from childhood through adulthood: A lifespan perspective. In McAdams, D., Shiner, R. L., & Tackett, J. L. (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 137–152). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L. (2021). Personality development in middle childhood. In John, O. P. & Robins, R. W. (Eds.), Handbook of personality (4th ed., pp. 284–302). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L., Allen, T. A., & Masten, A. S. (2017). Adversity in adolescence predicts personality trait change from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.10.002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiner, R. L., Buss, K. A., McClowry, S. G., Putnam, S. P., Saudino, K. J., & Zentner, M. (2012). What is temperament now? Assessing progress in temperament research on the twenty-fifth anniversary of Goldsmith et al. (1987). Child Development Perspectives, 6(4), 436–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00254.xGoogle Scholar
Shiner, R. L., & Caspi, A. (2012). Temperament and the development of personality traits, adaptations, and narratives. In Zentner, M. & Shiner, R. L. (Eds.), Handbook of temperament (pp. 497–516). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L., & DeYoung, C. G. (2013). The structure of temperament and personality traits: A developmental perspective. In Zelazo, P. D. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology: Vol. 2. Self and other (pp. 113–141). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., & See, A. Y. (2021). The development of narrative identity and the emergence of personality disorders in adolescence. Current Opinion in Psychology, 37, 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.07.024Google Scholar
Shiner, R. L., Soto, C. J., & De Fruyt, F. (2021). Personality assessment in children and adolescents. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 3, 113–137. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-050620-114343Google Scholar
Skinner, E. A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2007). The development of coping. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085705Google Scholar
Skinner, E. A., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2016). The development of coping: Stress, neurophysiology, social relationships, and resilience during childhood and adolescence. Springer.Google Scholar
Snyder, H. R., & Hankin, B. L. (2016). Spiraling out of control: Stress generation and subsequent rumination mediate the link between poorer cognitive control and internalizing psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 4(6), 1047–1064. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702616633157Google Scholar
Soto, C. J., & Tackett, J. L. (2015). Personality traits in childhood and adolescence: Structure, development, and outcomes. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(5), 358–362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721415589345Google Scholar
Straud, C., McNaughton-Cassill, M., & Fuhrman, R. (2015). The role of the five factor model of personality with proactive coping and preventative coping among college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 60–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.055Google Scholar
Stroud, C. B., Sosoo, E. E., & Wilson, S. (2015). Normal personality traits, rumination and stress generation among early adolescent girls. Journal of Research in Personality, 57, 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2015.05.002Google Scholar
Tappenden, P. C., Shiner, R. L., & Mo, F. (2022). The relationship between veterans’ narrative processing of their service experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, daily functioning, and well-being. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 35(1), 288–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22738CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Z. E., Widaman, K. F., & Robins, R. W. (2018). Longitudinal relations of economic hardship and effortful control to active coping in Latino youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(2), 396–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12338Google Scholar
Uliaszek, A. A., Zinbarg, R. E., Mineka, S., Craske, M. G., Griffith, J. W., Sutton, J. M., Epstein, A., & Hammen, C. (2012). A longitudinal examination of stress generation in depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121(1), 4–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025835Google Scholar
Valiente, C., Lemery‐Chalfant, K., & Swanson, J. (2009). Children’s responses to daily social stressors: Relations with parenting, children’s effortful control, and adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(6), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02019.xGoogle Scholar
Van de Ven, M. O., & Engels, R. C. (2011). Quality of life of adolescents with asthma: The role of personality, coping strategies, and symptom reporting. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71(3), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.03.002Google Scholar
Verstraeten, K., Vasey, M. W., Raes, F., & Bijttebier, P. (2009). Temperament and risk for depressive symptoms in adolescence: Mediation by rumination and moderation by effortful control. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9293-xGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Blain, S. D., Wei, D., Yang, W., Yang, J., Zhuang, K., He, L., DeYoung, C. G., & Qiu, J. (2020). The role of frontal-subcortical connectivity in the relation between coping styles and reactivity and downregulation of negative emotion. Brain and Cognition, 146, Article 105631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105631Google Scholar
Waters, T. E. A., & Fivush, R. (2015). Relations between narrative coherence, identity, and psychological well-being in emerging adulthood. Journal of Personality, 83(4), 441–451. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12120Google Scholar
White, S. H. (1965). Evidence for a hierarchical arrangement of learning processes. In Lipsitt, L. P. & Spiker, C. C. (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 187–220). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-407(08)60483-8Google Scholar
Zalewski, M., Lengua, L. J., Wilson, A. C., Trancik, A., & Bazinet, A. (2011). Emotion regulation profiles, temperament, and adjustment problems in preadolescents. Child Development, 82(3), 951–966. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01575.xGoogle Scholar
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2015). Emotional sensitivity before and after coping with rejection: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 41, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2015.05.001Google Scholar
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Skinner, E. A. (2011). Review: The development of coping across childhood and adolescence: An integrative review and critique of research. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025410384923Google Scholar
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Skinner, E. A. (2015). Adolescent vulnerability and the distress of rejection: Associations of adjustment problems and gender with control, emotions, and coping. Journal of Adolescence, 45(1), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.09.004Google Scholar
Zureck, E., Altstötter-Gleich, C., Gerstenberg, F. X., & Schmitt, M. (2015). Perfectionism in the transactional stress model. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.029Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×