Book contents
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Maps and Charts (in Color Plates)
- Illustrations (in Color Plates)
- Figures
- Tables
- Abbreviations
- Part I The Indian Ocean between Tang China and the Muslim Empire (Seventh–Tenth Century)
- Part II Globalization during the Song and Mongol Periods (Tenth–Fourteenth Century), and the Downturn of the Fourteenth Century
- Part III From the Globalization of the Afro-Eurasian Area to the Dawn of European Expansion (Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries)
- Introduction
- Chapter 14 Ming China: From Expansion to Withdrawal into Threatened Territory
- Chapter 15 India: The Flowering of the Sultanates and the Expansion of Vijayanāgara
- Chapter 16 Southeast Asia: Era of the Merchant Sultanates
- Chapter 17 Western Asia: Revival of the Persian Gulf
- Chapter 18 Egypt and Yemen: Advances in State Trade and the End of the Kārimī
- Chapter 19 East Africa and the Comoros
- Chapter 20 Madagascar (Fifteenth–Sixteenth Century): The Rise of Trading Ports and Development of the Highlands
- Chapter 21 The Portuguese in the Indian Ocean
- Epilogue
- Bibliography
- Index of Geographical Names
- Name Index
- Subject Index
Chapter 18 - Egypt and Yemen: Advances in State Trade and the End of the Kārimī
from Part III - From the Globalization of the Afro-Eurasian Area to the Dawn of European Expansion (Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 October 2019
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- The Worlds of the Indian Ocean
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Maps and Charts (in Color Plates)
- Illustrations (in Color Plates)
- Figures
- Tables
- Abbreviations
- Part I The Indian Ocean between Tang China and the Muslim Empire (Seventh–Tenth Century)
- Part II Globalization during the Song and Mongol Periods (Tenth–Fourteenth Century), and the Downturn of the Fourteenth Century
- Part III From the Globalization of the Afro-Eurasian Area to the Dawn of European Expansion (Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Centuries)
- Introduction
- Chapter 14 Ming China: From Expansion to Withdrawal into Threatened Territory
- Chapter 15 India: The Flowering of the Sultanates and the Expansion of Vijayanāgara
- Chapter 16 Southeast Asia: Era of the Merchant Sultanates
- Chapter 17 Western Asia: Revival of the Persian Gulf
- Chapter 18 Egypt and Yemen: Advances in State Trade and the End of the Kārimī
- Chapter 19 East Africa and the Comoros
- Chapter 20 Madagascar (Fifteenth–Sixteenth Century): The Rise of Trading Ports and Development of the Highlands
- Chapter 21 The Portuguese in the Indian Ocean
- Epilogue
- Bibliography
- Index of Geographical Names
- Name Index
- Subject Index
Summary
Unlike Europe, Egypt suffered lasting effects from the plague of 1347, and the disease came back periodically (no less than fifteen major outbreaks occurred between 1360 and 1500). The early fifteenth century, under Faraj ibn Barqūq’s reign (1399–1412), was once again marked by famine (1403–1404), plague (1406), political unrest within the country, and external threats, both from the Ottomans and from Tamerlane’s armies, which reached Damascus in 1401. Upper Egypt was in the hands of Arab or Berber rebels. Throughout the country, agricultural land was abandoned, and “the yield of the iqta‘ revenue assignments was lastingly compromised” (Garcin 1995b: 360). The country’s population was just over 4 million inhabitants (Martinez-Gros 2009: 639). A monetary and economic crisis then struck Egypt and Syria, whose trade balance was once again negative. Silver dirhams came to be issued only intermittently, and copper fulus and dirhams were now in use.
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- Information
- The Worlds of the Indian OceanA Global History, pp. 522 - 534Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019