Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cc8bf7c57-ksm4s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-09T17:07:35.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 7 - Variation and the Versatility Approach to Language Arts in Schools and Societies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2019

John Russell Rickford
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, M., Foorman, B., Lundberg, I. and Beeler., T. 1998. Phonemic Awareness in Young Children. Maryland: Paul Brookes Publishing.Google Scholar
Agard, John and Nichols, Grace, eds. 1994. A Caribbean Dozen: A Collection of Poems. London: Walker Books.Google Scholar
Alim, H. Samy. 2006. Roc the Mic Right: The Language of Hip Hop Culture. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Allsopp, Richard. 1996. Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th edn. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Ash, Sharon and Myhill, John. 1986. Linguistic correlates of inter-ethnic contact. Diversity and Diachrony, ed. by Sankoff, David, 3344. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Baugh, John. 1999. Reading, writing and rap: Lyric shuffle and other motivational strategies to introduce and reinforce literacy. Out of the Mouths of Slaves; African American Language and Educational Malpractice, 3140. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Baugh, John. 2018. Linguistics in Pursuit of Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bialystok, Ellen and Hakuta, Kenji. 1994. In Other Words: The Science and Psychology of Second Language Acquisition. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Burnett, Paula. 1986. The Penguin Book of Caribbean Verse in English. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Cassidy, Frederic G. and Le Page, Robert B., eds. 1980. Dictionary of Jamaican English, 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Charity, Anne, Scarborough, Hollis. S. and Griffin, Darion M.. 2003. Familiarity with School English in African American Children and its relation to early reading achievement. Child Development 75.5: 1340–56.Google Scholar
Craig, Dennis. 1999. Teaching Language and Literacy: Policies and Procedures for Vernacular Situations. Georgetown, Guyana: Education and Development Services.Google Scholar
Craig, Holly K. 2016. African American English and the Achievement Gap: The Role of Dialectal Code Switching. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Crowell, Sheila C., Kolba, Ellen D., Stewart, William A. and Johnson, Kenneth R.. 1974. TALKACROSS: Materials for Teaching English as a Second Dialect (Teachers handbook and student activity book). Montclair, NJ: Caribou Associated.Google Scholar
Danesi, Marcel and DiPietro, Robert J.. 1991. Contrastive Analysis for the Contemporary Second Language Classroom. Toronto: OISE Press.Google Scholar
Feigenbaum, Irwin. 1970. The Use of Nonstandard in Teaching Standard. Teaching Standard English in the Inner City, ed. by Fasold, Ralph and Shuy, Roger, 87104. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Fischer, John L. 1958. Social influences on the choice of a linguistic variant. Word 14: 4756.Google Scholar
Fischer, Katherine. 1992. Educating speakers of Caribbean English creole in the United States. Pidgins, Creoles and Nonstandard Dialects in Education, ed. by Siegel, Jeff, 99123. Occasional Paper no. 12. Canberra: Applied Linguistics Association of Australia.Google Scholar
Fogel, Howard and Ehri, Linnea C.. 2000. Teaching elementary students who speak Black English Vernacular to write in Standard English: Effects of dialect transformation practice. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25: 212–35.Google Scholar
Fountas, Irene and Pinnell, Gay Su. 2017. Sing a Song of Poetry, Grade K: A Teaching Resource for Phonemic Awareness, Phonics and Fluency, revised edn. Portsmouth, NC: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Gillon, Gail T. 2017. Phonological Awareness: From Research to Practice, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Green, Lisa. 2002. African American English: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, Michael S. and Walton, Anthony. 2000. Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872–1906). The Vintage Book of African American Poetry: 200 Years of Vision, Struggle, Power, Beauty and Triumph from 50 Outstanding Poets, ed. by Harper, Michael S. and Walton, Anthony, 72–3. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Harris-Wright, Kelli. 1999. Enhancing bidialectalism in urban African American students. Making the Connection: Language and Academic Achievement among African American Students, ed. by Adger, Carolyn Temple, Christian, Donna, and Taylor, Orlando, 5360. McHenry, IL: Delta Systems, Inc.Google Scholar
Holton, Sylvia Wallace. 1984. Down Home and Uptown: The Representation of Black Speech in American Fiction. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell. 1972. Models of the interaction of language and social life. Directions in Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography of Communication, ed. by Gumperz, John J. and Hymes, Dell, 3571. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.Google Scholar
Irish, J. A. George, ed. 1995. Caribbean Students in New York. Occasional Paper no. 1. New York: Caribbean Diaspora Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. 1927. God’s Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, James Weldon. 1933. Along This Way: The Autobiography of James Weldon Johnson. New York: Viking Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Taylor and Kalbfeld, Jesse. 2017. Nonstandard dialect comprehension in the courtroom. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Austin, Texas.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1972. The study of language in its social context. In Labov, William, Sociolinguistic Patterns, 183259. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, William. 1982. Objectivity and commitment in linguistic science: The case of the Black English trial in Ann Arbor. Language in Society 11: 165201.Google Scholar
Labov, William, Cohen, Paul, Robins, Clarence and Lewis, John. 1968. A Study of the Non-Standard English of Negro and Puerto Rican Speakers in New York City, vol. 1. (Cooperative Research Project No. 3288.) New York City: Columbia University.Google Scholar
Lado, Robert. 1957. Linguistics across Cultures: Applied Linguistics for Language Teachers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
LeMoine, Noma. 2001. Language variation and literacy acquisition in African American students. Literacy in African American communities, ed. by Harris, Joyce L., Kamhi, Alan G., Pollock, Karen E., eds., 169–94. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
LeMoine, Noma and the Los Angeles Unified School District. 1999. English for Your Success: A Language Development Program for African American Children. Maywood, NJ: Peoples Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Lee, Margaret. 2002. A pause for the cause: African American folk sayings in rhyme. Paper presented at the NWAV-31 Preconference on AAVE, Stanford, October.Google Scholar
Le Page, Robert B. 1968. Problems to be faced in the use of English as a medium of education in four West Indian territories. Language Problems of Developing Nations, ed. by Joshua, Fishman, Ferguson, Charles A. and Das Gupta, Jyotirindra, 431–43. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Maddahian, Ebrahim and Sandamela, Ambition Padi. 2000. Academic English Mastery Program: 1998 Evaluation Report. Publication #781, Program Evaluation and Research Branch, Research and Evaluation Unit, LA Unified School District.Google Scholar
McGuire, Grant L. 2002. The Behavior of Interdental Fricatives in Columbus Ohio AAVE. Poster presentation at NWAV-31, Stanford, October.Google Scholar
Morgan, Marcyliena. 2009. The Real Hiphop: Battling for Knowledge, Power and Respect in the LA Underground. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Nero, Shondel, ed. 2006. Dialects, Englishes, Creoles and Education. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Nero, Shondel and Ahmad, Dora. 2014. Vernaculars in the Classroom: Paradoxes, Pedagogy, Possibilities. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rickford, Angela E. 1999. I Can Fly: Teaching Reading and Narratives to African American and Other Ethnic Minority Students. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 1979. Variation in a Creole Continuum: Quantitative and Implicational Approaches. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 1997. Unequal partnership: Sociolinguistics and the African American Speech Community. Language in Society 26: 161–97.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 2002. Linguistics, education, and the Ebonics firestorm. Linguistics, Language and the Professions (=Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 2000), ed. by Alatis, James E., Hamilton, Heidi E. and Tan, Ai-Hui, 25–45. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. and Blake, Renée. 1990. Contraction and deletion of the copula in Barbadian English. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (=BLS 16), 257–68. Berkeley, CA; Berkeley Linguistics Society.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. and King, Sharese. 2016. Language and Linguistics on trial: Hearing Rachel Jeantel and Other Vernacular Speakers in the Courtroom and Beyond. Language 92.4: 948–98.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. and Rickford., Angela E. 2009. From outside agitators to inside implementers: Improving the literacy education of vernacular and creole speakers. Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Literacy Education, ed. by Farr, Marcia and Seloni, Lisya, 241–59. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. and Rickford, Russell J.. 2000. Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English. New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R., Sweetland, Julie, Rickford, Angela E. and Grano, Thomas. 2013. African American, Creole, and Other Vernacular Englishes in Education: A Bibliographic Resource. New York: Routledge, and Urbana IL: National Council of Teachers of English.Google Scholar
Sanchez, Sonia. 1987. Under a Soprano Sky. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.Google Scholar
Scott, Dennis. 1973. Uncle Time. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Sells, Peter, Rickford, John R. and Wasow, Thomas A.. 1996. Negative inversion in African American Vernacular English. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 14.3: 591627.Google Scholar
SEP n.d. [c. 1984] Proficiency in Standard English for Speakers of Black Language.Google Scholar
Singham, M. 2003. The achievement gap: Myths and reality. Phi Delta Kappan, 586–91.Google Scholar
Smitherman, Geneva. 2002. The blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice. Talkin that Talk, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Steptoe, Javaka, compiler and illustrator. 1997. In Daddy’s Arms I Am Tall: African Americans Celebrating Fathers. New York: Lee & Low Books.Google Scholar
Sweetland, Julie. 2006. Teaching Writing in the African American Classroom: A Sociolinguistic Approach. PhD dissertation, Department of Linguistics, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Taylor, Hanni U. 1989. Standard English, Black English, and Bidialectism. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Thomas, Margaret. 2002. The specious battle between Contrastive Analysis and Creative Construction. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the North American Association for the History of the Language Sciences, in conjunction with the Linguistic Society of America, San Francisco, California (January 5, 2002).Google Scholar
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 1970. The contrastive analysis hypothesis. TESOL 4.2: 123–30.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Rebecca S. and Swords, Rachel. 2006. Code Switching: Teaching Standard English in Urban Classrooms. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Rebecca S. and Swords, Rachel. 2010. Code-Switching Lessons: Grammar Strategies for Linguistically Diverse Writers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt. 1970. Sociolinguistic alternatives in teaching reading to nonstandard speakers. Reading Research Quarterly 6.1, 933.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt and Adger, Carolyn Temple. 1993. Handbook on Language Differences and Speech and Language Pathology: Baltimore City Public Schools. Baltimore. Maryland: Department of Support and Special Pupil Services, Baltimore City Public Schools.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt, Adger, Carolyn Temple and Christian, Donna. 1999. Dialects in Schools and Communities. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics and Delta.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt, Dannenberg, Clare, Knick, Stanley and Oxendine, Linda. 2002. Fine in the World: Lumbee Language in Time and Place. Raleigh, North Carolina. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University Press.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt and Schilling-Estes, Natalie. 1997. Hoi Toide on the Outer Banks: The Story of the Ocracoke Brogue. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×