Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cc8bf7c57-7lvjp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-10T19:09:46.582Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Symbol of Powerlessness and Degeneracy, or Symbol of Solidarity and Truth?

Paradoxical Attitudes toward Pidgins and Creoles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2019

John Russell Rickford
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achebe, Chinua. 1975. The African writer and the English language. In Morning Yet on Creation Day: Essays, by Chinua Achebe. London: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Arends, Jacques, Muysken, Pieter and Smith, Norval, eds. 1995. Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Alleyne, Mervyn. 1980. Comparative Afro-American. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth and Tiffin, Helen. 2002. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bandia, Paul F. 1994. On translating pidgins and creoles in African literature. Traduction, Terminologie, Redaction 7.2: 93114. [www.erudit.org/en/journals/ttr/1994-v7-n2-ttr1481/037182ar.pdf]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartens, Angela. 2013. Creole languages. Contact Languages: A Comprehensive Guide, ed. by Bakker, Peter and Matras, Yaron, 65158. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.Google Scholar
Bennett, Louise. 1966. Jamaica Labrish. Kingston, Jamaica: Sangsters Bookstores.Google Scholar
Bernhardt, Stephen A. 1980. Dialect and style-shifting in the fiction of Samuel Selvon. In Papers from the Third Biennial Conference of the Society for Caribbean Linguistics, Aruba.Google Scholar
Bickerton, Derek. 1981. Roots of Language. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma.Google Scholar
Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. 1984. History of the Voice: The Development of Nation Language in Anglophone Caribbean Poetry. London, UK, and Port of Spain, Trinidad: New Beacon.Google Scholar
Cassidy, Frederic G. 1970. Teaching Standard English to speakers of Creole in Jamaica, West Indies. Report of the Twentieth Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies: Linguistics and the Teaching of Standard English to Speakers of Other Languages, ed. by Alatis, James E., 203214. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Chinguno, Crispen. 2013. Marikana massacre and strike violence post-apartheid. Global Labour Journal 4(2): 160–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, Dan and Giovanelli, Marcello. 2018. Attitudes to Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, Desmond T. 1953. Fanagalo and the Bantu Languages in South Africa. African Studies 12: 19.Google Scholar
D’Costa, Jean. 1983. The West Indian novelist and language: a search for a literary medium. Studies in Caribbean Language, ed. by Carrington, Lawrence, in collaboration with Craig, Dennis and Dandaré, Ramon Todd, 252265. Kingston, Jamaica: Society for Caribbean Linguistics.Google Scholar
DeGraff, Michel. 2003. Against creole exceptionalism. Language 79.2: 391410.Google Scholar
Deuber, Dagmar. 2013. Towards endonormative standards of English in the Caribbean: A study of students’ beliefs and school curricula. Language, Culture and Curriculum 26.2: 109–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deuber, Dagmar and Leung, Glenda A.. 2013. Investigating attitudes towards an emerging standard of English: Evaluations of newscasters’ accents in Trinidad. Multilingua 32.3: 289319.Google Scholar
Epstein, A. L. 1959. Linguistic innovation and culture on the Copperbelt, Northern Rhodesia. Readings in the Sociology of Language. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 15.3: 235–53.Google Scholar
Farquharson, Joseph T. and Migge, Bettina. 2017. Pidgins and Creoles. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Foley, William. 1988. Language birth: The processes of pidginization and creolization. Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, vol. IV: Language: The Sociocultural Context, ed. by Newmeyer, Frederick J., 162183. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, Peter. 2010. Attitudes to Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hackert, Stefanie. 2016. Standards of English in the Caribbean: History, attitudes, functions, features. World Englishes: New Theoretical and Methodological Considerations (Varieties of English Around the World G57), ed. by Seoane, Elena and Cristina, Suárez-Gómez, 85111. Amsterdam: BenjaminsGoogle Scholar
Hall, Robert A. 1966. Pidgin and Creole Languages, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Haynes, Lilith M. 1973. Language in Barbados and Guyana: Attitudes, Behaviours and Comparisons. PhD dissertation, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Holm, John. 2000. An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hymes, Dell, ed. 1971. Pidginization and Creolization of Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jamaican Language Unit. 2005. The Language Attitude Survey of Jamaica: Data Analysis. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies. www.mona.uwi.edu/dllp/jlu/projects/Report%20for%20Language%20Attitude%20Survey%20of%20Jamaica.pdf (February 24, 2017).Google Scholar
Kouwenberg, Silvia and Singler, John Victor, eds. 2008. The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lalla, Barbara, D’Costa, Jean and Pollard, Velma. 2014. Caribbean Literary Discourse: Voice and Cultural Identity in the Anglophone Caribbean, 2nd edn. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Lambert, Wallace. 1967. A social psychology of bilingualism. The Journal of Social Issues XXIII: 91109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lang, George. 2004. A primer of Haitian literature in Kreyol. Research in African Literatures 35.2: 128–40.Google Scholar
Lee, Mary Hope. 1979. Ethnographic statement in the Nigerian novel with special reference to pidgin. Readings in Creole Studies, ed. by Hancock, Ian F. in collaboration with Polomé, Edgar C., Goodman, Morris and Heine, Bern, 295302. Ghent, Belgium: E. Story-Scientia.Google Scholar
Le Page, Robert B. 1969. Dialect in West Indian literature. Journal of Commonwealth Literature VII: 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Page, Robert B. 1977. Theoretical aspects of sociolinguistic studies in Pidgin and Creole languages. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, ed. by Albert Valdman, , 331368. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Maxwell, Marina. 1970. Towards a revolution in the arts. Savacou 2: 1932.Google Scholar
Mennel, Barbara. 2008. Cities and Cinema. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mesthrie, Raj. 2019. New perspectives on Fanakalo as a mining language in South Africa. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 258, special issue on Mining Languages, ed. by Cornips, Leonie and Muysken, Pieter.Google Scholar
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2010. SLA and the emergence of creoles. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32: 359400.Google Scholar
Mühleisen, Susanne. 1993. Attitudes towards Language Varieties in Trinidad. MA thesis, Freie Universität Berlin.Google Scholar
Mühleisen, Susanne. 2002. Creole Discourse: Exploring Prestige Formation and Change across Caribbean English-Lexicon Creoles. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1986. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Oenbring, Raymond and Fielding, William. 2014. Young adults’ attitudes to standard and nonstandard English in an English Creole speaking country: The case of the Bahamas. Language, Discourse, and Society 3: 2851.Google Scholar
Parkvall, Mikael and Bakker, Peter. 2013. Pidgins. Contact Languages: A Comprehensive Guide, ed. by Bakker, Peter and Matras, Yaron, 114. Berlin: Mouton De GruyterGoogle Scholar
Pollard, Velma. 2000. Dread Talk: The Language of the Rastafari. Kingston, Ontario: McGill-Queen’s University Press.Google Scholar
Reisman, Karl. 1970. Cultural and linguistic ambiguity in a West Indian village. Afro-American Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives, ed. Whitten, Norman E. and Szwed, John F., 129–44. New York, Free Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 1983. What happens in decreolization. Pidginization and Creolization as Language Acquisition, ed. by Andersen, Roger W., 298319. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 1985. Standard and non-standard language attitudes in a Creole continuum. Language of Inequality, ed. Wolfson, Nessa and Manes, Joan, 145–60. The Hague: Mouton. [Reprint of Society for Caribbean Linguistics Occasional Paper 16, 1983. Mona, Jamaica: University of the West Indies.]Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. 1987. Dimensions of a Creole Continuum: History, Texts and Linguistic Analysis of Guyanese Creole. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, John R. and Rickford, Russell J.. 2000. Spoken Soul: The Story of Black English. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Romaine, Suzanne. 1994. Hawai’i Creole English as a literary language. Language in Society 23.4: 527–54.Google Scholar
Salmon, William and Gómez Menjívar, Jennifer. 2016. Language variation and dimensions of prestige in Belizean Kriol. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 31.2: 316–60.Google Scholar
Sand, Andrea. 2011. Language attitudes and linguistic awareness in Jamaican English. Variation in the Caribbean: From Creole Continua to Individual Agency (Creole Language Library 37), ed. Hinrichs, Lars and Farquharson, Joseph T., 164–87. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Sankoff, Gillian. 1980. The Social Life of Language. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, Gillian and Laberge, Suzanne. 1974. On the acquisition of native speakers by a language. Pidgins and Creoles: Current Trends and Prospects, ed. by DeCamp, David and Hancock, Ian F., 7384. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Sebba, Mark. 1997. Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Shields-Brodber, Kathryn. 1989. Standard English in Jamaica: A case of competing models. English World-Wide 10.1: 4153.Google Scholar
Shields-Brodber, Kathryn. 1997. Requiem for English in an ‘English-speaking’ community: The case of Jamaica. Englishes around the World 2: Caribbean, Africa, Asia, Australasia (Studies in Honour of Manfred Görlach), 5867. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Siegel, Jeff. 2005. Literacy in pidgin and creole languages. Current Issues in Language Planning 6.2: 143–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonson, Douglas, in collaboration with Sakata, Ken and Sasaki, Pat. 1981. Pidgin to da Max. Honolulu, HI: Bess Press.Google Scholar
Spitzer, Leo. 1966. Creole attitudes toward Krio: an historical survey. Sierra Leone Language Review 5: 3949.Google Scholar
Todd, Loreto. 1990. Pidgins and Creoles, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Traugott, Elizabeth Closs and Pratt, Mary L.. 1980. Linguistics for Students of Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Valdman, Albert, ed. 1977. Pidgin and Creole Linguistics, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Veenstra, Tonjes. 2008. Creole genesis: The impact of the language bioprogram hypothesis. Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages, ed. by Kouwenberg, Silvia and Singler, John Victor, 219–41. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Velupillai, Viveka. 2015. Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Wassink, Alicia. 1999. Historic low prestige and seeds of change: Attitudes toward Jamaican Creole. Language in Society 28: 5792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westphal, Michael. 2015a. Attitudes toward accents of Standard English in Jamaican radio newscasting. Journal of English Linguistics 43.4: 311–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westphal, Michael. 2015b. Linguistic decolonization in Jamaican radio. ZAA 63.2: 179–97.Google Scholar
Winer, Lise and Rimmer, Mary. 1994. Language varieties in early Trinidadian novels, 1838–1907. English World-Wide 15.2: 225–48.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 1976. Teacher attitudes toward language varieties in a Creole community. International Journal of the Sociology of Language VIII: 4575.Google Scholar
Winford, Donald. 2003. An Introduction to Contact Linguistics. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wurm, Stephen A. and Mühlhäusler, Peter. 1979. Attitudes towards New Guinea Pidgin and English. New Guinea and Neighboring Areas: A Sociolinguistic Laboratory, ed. Wurm, Stephen A., 243–62. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×