Aristotle, (1976), The Nicomachean Ethics, London: Penguin.

Austin, J. L. (1961), “A Plea for Excuses,” in Urmson, J. O. and Warnock, G. J. (eds.), Philosophical Papers, Oxford University Press: pp. 123–52.

Barry, John, Hirsh, Michael, and Isikoff, Michael (2004), “The Roots of Torture – The road to Abu Ghraib began after 9/11, when Washington wrote new rules to fight a new kind of war: A Newsweek investigation,” Newsweek, May 24. http://csjconference.thereitis.org/displayarticle269.html.

Becker, Lawrence C. and Becker, Charlotte B. (eds.) (2001), Encyclopedia of Ethics, 2nd edn., New York: Routledge.

Berlin, Isaiah (1990), The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas, London: Fontana.

Berman, Paul (2003), Terror and Liberalism, New York and London: Norton.

Borradori, Giovanna (2003), Philosophy in a Time of Terror: Dialogues with Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, University of Chicago Press.

Bowden, Mark (2003), “The Dark Art of Interrogation” Atlantic Monthly, October: pp. 51–76.Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam (2001), 9–11, New York: Seven Stories Press.

Coady, C. A. J. (2004), “Terrorism, Morality and Supreme Emergency” Ethics 114 (4): pp. 772–89.Google Scholar

Cohen, Gerald (2003), “Casting the First Stone: Who Can, and Who Can't, Condemn the Terrorists,” in O'Hear, A. (ed.), Royal Institute of Philosophy Lectures, 2004–05. www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/index.php.

Curzer, H. J. (2006), “Admirable Immorality, Dirty Hands, Ticking Bombs, and Torturing Innocents,” The Southern Journal of Philosophy XLIV: pp. 31–56.Google Scholar

Dan-Cohen, Meir (1984), “Decision Rules and Conduct Rules: On Acoustic Separation in Criminal Law” Harvard Law Review 97: p. 625.Google Scholar

Dan-Cohen, Meir(2002), Harmful Thoughts, Essays on Law, Self and Morality, Princeton University Press.

David, Stephen R. (2003), “Israel's Policy of Targeted Killing,” Ethics and International Affairs 17 (1): pp. 111–26.Google Scholar

Dershowitz, Alan. M. (1989), “Is It Necessary to Apply ‘Physical Pressure’ to Terrorists – And to Lie About It?” Israel Law Review 23 (2–3): pp. 193–200.Google Scholar

Dershowitz, Alan, M. (2002a), Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age, New York: Little, Brown.

Dershowitz, Alan, M. (2002b), Why Terrorism Works: Understanding the Threat, Responding to the Challenge, Yale University Press.

Dershowitz, Alan, M. (2004), “Killing Terrorist Chieftains is Legal,” The Jerusalem Post, April 22: p. 18.Google Scholar

Dworkin, R. (2002), “The Threat to Patriotism,” New York Review of Books, February 28.Google Scholar

Eichensehr, K. E. (2007), “On Target? The Israeli Supreme Court and the Expansion of Targeted Killings,” Yale Law Journal, June 116 (8): pp. 1873, 1875–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Finn, J. E. (1991), Constitutions in Crisis: Political Violence and the Rule of Law, Oxford University Press.

Fletcher, George (1978), Rethinking Criminal Law, Boston: Little, Brown.

Fletcher, George (2003), Romantics at War: Glory and Guilt in the Age of Terrorism, Princeton University Press.

Fletcher, George (2006), “The Indefinable Concept of Terrorism” Journal of International Criminal Justice 4 (5): pp. 1–14.Google Scholar

Gilbert, Paul (2003), New Terror, New Wars, Edinburgh University Press.

Goodin, R. E. (2006), What's Wrong with Terrorism?Cambridge, UK and Malden, MA: Polity Press.

Gross, Michael (2003), “Fighting by Other Means in the Mid-East: A Critical Analysis of Israel's Assassination Policy,” Political Studies 51: pp. 350–68.Google Scholar

Gross, Michael (2004), “Assassination: Killing in the Shadow of Self-Defence,” in Irwin, J. (ed.), War and Virtual War: The Challenges of Communities, Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.

Hamilton, A. (1787), “The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union”, no. xxiii, New York Packet, Tuesday, December 18, in The Federalist Papers.

Hobbes, T. (1991), Leviathan, ed. R. Tuck, Cambridge University Press.

Honderich, T. (2002), After the Terror, Edinburgh University Press.

Honderich, T. (2003), Terrorism for Humanity: Inquiries in Political Philosophy, London: Pluto Press.

Hornby, A. S. (1991), Oxford Student's Dictionary for Hebrew Speakers, Tel-Aviv: Kernerman.

Ignatieff, Michael (2004), The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, Princeton University Press.

Kadish, Sanford A. (1989), “Torture, the State and the Individual” Israel Law Review 23: pp. 345–56.Google Scholar

Kamm, Francis M. (2004), “Failure of Just War Theory: Terror, Harm and Justice,” Ethics 114 (4) July.Google Scholar

Kant, Immanuel (1964), Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, trans. Paton, H. J., New York: Harper and Row.

Laqueur, Walter Z. (1987), The Age of Terrorism, Boston: Little, Brown.

Levinson, Sanford (ed.) (2004), Torture – A Collection, Oxford University Press.

Locke, J. (1960), Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett, Cambridge University Press.

Lukes, Steven (2005), “Liberal Democratic Torture,” British Journal of Political Science 36: pp. 1–16.Google Scholar

Machan, Tibor R. (1990), “Exploring Extreme Violence (Torture),” Journal of Social Philosophy 21: pp. 92–97.Google Scholar

Mackie, J. L. (1990), Ethics – Inventing Right and Wrong, London: Penguin.

Madison, J. (1788), “The Question of a Bill of Rights”, letter to Thomas Jefferson, October 17. www.constitution.org/jm/17881017_bor.htm.

Mavrodes, George I. (1975), “Conventions and the Morality of War,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 4: pp. 117–31.Google Scholar

McMahan, Jeff (2004), “The Ethics of Killing in War,” Ethics 114 (July): pp. 693–733.Google Scholar

McMahan, Jeff (2005), “Just Cause for War,” Ethics and International Affairs 19 (3): pp. 1–13.Google Scholar

Moore, Michael (1989), “Torture and the Balance of Evils,” Israel Law Review 23 (2–3): pp. 280–344.Google Scholar

Nabulsi, Karma (1999), Traditions of War, Oxford University Press.

Nagel, Thomas (1972), “War and Massacre,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, Winter 1 (2): pp. 123–44.Google Scholar

Netanyahu, B. (ed.) (1986), Terrorism: How the West Can Win, New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Netanyahu, B. (2001), Fighting Terrorism, 2nd edn., New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.

Nielson, Kai (2000), “There Is No Dilemma of Dirty Hands,” in Rynard, Paul and Shugarman, David P. (eds.), Cruelty and Deception: The Controversy over Dirty Hands in Politics, Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview Press.

Norman, Richard (1995), Ethics, Killing, and War, Cambridge University Press.

Pape, Robert A. (2003), “The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism,” American Political Science Review 97 (3): pp. 343–61.Google Scholar

Primoratz, Igor (ed.) (2004), Terrorism – The Philosophical Issues, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Rawls, John (1989), A Theory of Justice, 9th edn., Oxford University Press.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques (1993), The Social Contract and Discourses, London and Vermont: Everyman.

Schmid, Alex P. (1984), Political Terrorism: A Research Guide to Concepts, Theories, Data Bases and Literature, Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing.

Schmid, Alex P. and Jongman, Albert J. (1988), Political Terrorism: A Research Guide to Concepts, Theories, Data Bases and Literature, 2nd edn., Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing.

Shue, Henry (1978), “Torture,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 7 (2): pp. 124–43.Google Scholar

Shue, Henry (1980), Basic Rights: Subsistence, Affluence and US Foreign Policy, Princeton University Press.

Smart, J. and Williams, B. (1973), Utilitarianism: For and Against, Cambridge University Press.

Smilansky, Saul (2004), “Terrorism, Justification, and Illusion,” Ethics 114 (4) July: pp. 790–805.Google Scholar

Statman, Daniel (1997a), “The Absoluteness of the Prohibition against Torture,” Mishpat Umimshal 4: pp. 161–98.Google Scholar

Statman, Daniel (1997b), “Jus in Bello and the Intifada,” in Kapitan, Tomas (ed.), Philosophical Perspectives on the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict, Armonk, NY: Sharpe: pp. 133–56.

Statman, Daniel (2003), “The Morality of Assassination: A Response to Gross,” Political Studies 51 (4): pp. 775–9.Google Scholar

Daniel, Statman (2004), “Targeted Killing,” Theoretical Inquiries in Law 5: pp. 179–98.Google Scholar

Sussman, David (2005), “What's Wrong with Torture?” Philosophy and Public Affairs 33 (1): pp. 1–33.Google Scholar

Twining, W. L. and Twining, P. J. (1973), “Bentham on Torture,” Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 24 (3): pp. 305–56.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (1993), Liberal Rights, Cambridge University Press.

Waldron, Jeremy (2003), “Security and Liberty: The Image of Balance,” The Journal of Political Philosophy 11: pp. 191–210.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (2004), “Terrorism and the Uses of Terror,” The Journal of Ethics 8: pp. 5–35.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (2005), “Torture and Positive Law,” Columbia Law Review 105 (6): pp. 1681–750.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (2006a), “Safety and Security,” Nebraska Law Review 85: pp. 301–53.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy(2006b), “What Can Christian Thinking Add to the Debate about Torture?” Theology Today 63: pp. 330–43.Google Scholar

Waldron, Jeremy (2007), “Dignity and Rank”, Archives européennes de sociologie 48 (2): pp. 201–37.Google Scholar

Walzer, Michael (1973), “Political Action: The Problem of Dirty Hands,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 2 (2): pp. 160–80.Google Scholar

Walzer, Michael (1977), Just and Unjust Wars, New York: Basic Books.

Walzer, Michael (1988), “Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses,” in Luper-Foy, Steven (ed.), Problems of International Justice, London: Westview.

Wellman, C. (1979), “On Terrorism Itself,” Journal of Value Inquiry 13: p. 250–2.Google Scholar

Wilkins, B. T. (1992), Terrorism and Collective Responsibility, London: Routledge.

Zohar, Noam J. (1993), “Collective War and Individualistic Ethics: Against the Conscription of Self-Defence,” Political Theory 21: pp. 606–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Zuckerman, Adrian A. S. (1989), “Coercion and the Judicial Ascertainment of Truth,” Israel Law Review 23: pp. 357–74.Google Scholar

Barzilai, Gad, “Islands of Silence: Democracies Kill?” paper presented at the annual meeting of the Law and Society Association, Budapest, 2000.

,B'tselem – The Israeli Information Center for Human Rights in the “Occupied Territories,”www.btselem.org.

Fletcher, George, “The Problem of Defining Terrorism,” paper presented at Tel-Aviv University at the conference on “Terrorism – Philosophical Perspectives” (organized by the Department of Political Science and the Minerva Center for Human Rights, Tel-Aviv University Law Faculty), March 2004.

,Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, adopted on 12 August, 1949, www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/91.htm.

,Hague Convention, October 18, 1907, http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/hague.html.

Harel, A., “Is Terrorism a Moral Category”, paper presented at Tel-Aviv University at the conference on “Terrorism – Philosophical Perspectives” (organized by the Department of Political Science and the Minerva Center for Human Rights, Tel-Aviv University Law Faculty), March 2004.

,HCJ 769/02 (December 11 2005), http://elyon1.court.gov.il/Files_ENG/02/690/007/a34/02007690.a34.pdf.

,International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), adopted December 16 (1966), www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm.

Jackson, J. (1949), in Terminiello v. City of Chicago, 337 US 1.

Jackson, J. (1963), in Kennedy v. Mendoza-Martinez, 372 US 144.

,Protocol I – Addition to the Geneva Conventions (1977), Part IV: Civilian Population, www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/93.html.

,Public Committee against Torture in Israel, The Supreme Court sitting as the High Court of Justice (draft document) (May 5, 1998, January 13 1999, May 26, 1999) before President A. Barak, Deputy President S. Levin, Justices T. Or, E. Mazza, M. Cheshin, Y. Kedmi, I. Zamir, T. Strasberg-Cohen, D. Dorner, http://elyon1.court.gov.il/files_eng/94/000/051/a09/94051000.a09.HTM.

,United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Part I, Art. 2 (1975), www.hrweb.org/legal/cat.html.