Part II offered an overview of how WTO Members use the SPS and TBT transparency tools, and how these constitute the very basic levels of the SPS and TBT ‘disputing pyramid’. The notifications centralised by the WTO are generally an important source of the information of which WTO Members – including a number of developing countries – make extensive use, but specific trade concerns (STCs) are still needed alongside these notifications if Members are to obtain further insights on the impacts of measures and in instances of non-notified measures. The ‘cross-notification’ that raising STCs in the SPS and TBT Committees grants to Members allows them to perform a monitoring role, ensuring that the measures of their trading partners are consistent with their WTO obligations. Scott refers to this as ‘mutual accountability through mutual oversight’. The technical and informal quality of the discussions in Committee largely allow this oversight to be non-confrontational, and this allows Members to co-operate towards mutually acceptable implementation of the SPS and TBT Agreements.