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3 - Smart Mixes and the Challenge of Complexity

Lessons from Global Climate Governance

from Part I - Conceptual Approaches to Smart Mixes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2019

Judith van Erp
Affiliation:
Universiteit Utrecht, The Netherlands
Michael Faure
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
André Nollkaemper
Affiliation:
Universiteit van Amsterdam
Niels Philipsen
Affiliation:
Universiteit Maastricht, Netherlands
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Summary

This chapter analyses the adoption and deployment of traditional ‘command-and-control’ regulations and ‘new’ environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) as they occur in practice in five different jurisdictions, namely Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK) as well as the European Union (EU) since the early 1970s. It focuses on three different types of NEPIs – informational instruments, voluntary agreements and market-based instruments – and examines how and why they have become mixed in different jurisdictions. It argues that while there has been a significant uptake of NEPIs in all five jurisdictions, important differences have remained regarding the composition of instrument mixes in particular jurisdictions. Adopting a longitudinal perspective allows for the identification of leaders, followers and laggards for different types of NEPIs. Although there may be a theoretical ‘optimal mix’ of policy instruments, in reality patterns of adoption and deployment are very strongly influenced by a mixture of contingent factors, which vary within and across jurisdictions, over time.
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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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