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Ambiguous relations between Russia and the sea: causes and consequences

from LA PUISSANCE MARITIME INSTRUMENT DE LA PUISSANCE POLITIQUE ET D'UNE STRATÉGIE GLOBALE DE RAYONNEMENT VOIRE DE DOMINATION: Les puissances maritimes occidentales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2017

Pavel Krotov
Affiliation:
University of Saint Petersburg
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Summary

ABSTRACT. The history of Russia illustrates the impact of the sea on the rise or decline of a nation. As long as Sweden and the Hanseatic League were blocking Russia from accessing the Baltic Sea to trade, the country was not able to develop economically. In this way, contrary to the traditional scheme, which sees the fishing industry develop, then trade, and finally a navy to protect all these traffics; in Russia, it was first the creation of a navy by Tsar Aleksey Mikhailovitch (1645–1676) and above all by Peter the Great (1682–1725) that allowed Russia to develop economically through trade and to reach, on both military and diplomatic levels, the status of a great nation.

RÉSUMÉ. L'histoire de la Russie illustre bien l'impact de la mer dans le développement ou le déclin d'une puissance. Tant que la Suède et la Ligue hanséatique, notamment, empêchèrent la Russie d'avoir accès au commerce de la mer Baltique, le pays ne fut pas en mesure de se développer économiquement. Ainsi, contrairement au schéma classique, qui voit successivement apparaître un développement de la pêche, puis du commerce et, enfin, une marine de guerre pour protéger l'ensemble de ces flux ; en Russie, c'est l'instauration en premier d'une marine de guerre, avec le tsar Aleksey Mikhailovitch (1645-1676) et surtout Pierre le Grand (1682-1725) qui permit à la Russie de connaître le développement économique généré par le commerce, et d'atteindre au plan militaire comme diplomatique le statut de grande puissance.

The history of Russia illustrates well the role that the world's oceans play in the rise and fall of international powers. History shows that the neighboring countries tried to exploit the limitations and remoteness of Russia from the world trade routes. One can learn a lot from studying how Russia managed to resolve this problematic situation.

Russian military and merchant ships, the so-called lad'ya, entered the Baltic Sea in the 9–10th century AD. Folktales have been recorded about the rich merchants Sadko and Solovey Boudimovich. They were trading from Novgorod with the Upper Volga region and the Reval port (modern Tallinn, in the folktale called “Ledenets,” from Estonian “Lindanisa”).

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Publisher: Boydell & Brewer
Print publication year: 2017

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