Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Figures and Tables
- Preface
- PART I THE TSARIST ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- PART II THE SOVIET ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- 10 The Socioeconomic Framework
- 11 The Transition Issues
- 12 The Economic Policies
- 13 The Problems of Agriculture
- 14 The Industrial Changes
- 15 Domestic and Foreign Trade
- 16 Money and Banking
- 17 State Finance
- 18 Overall View
- PART III THE POST-SOVIET ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- Index
13 - The Problems of Agriculture
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 December 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Figures and Tables
- Preface
- PART I THE TSARIST ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- PART II THE SOVIET ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- 10 The Socioeconomic Framework
- 11 The Transition Issues
- 12 The Economic Policies
- 13 The Problems of Agriculture
- 14 The Industrial Changes
- 15 Domestic and Foreign Trade
- 16 Money and Banking
- 17 State Finance
- 18 Overall View
- PART III THE POST-SOVIET ECONOMIC TRANSITION
- Index
Summary
Landholding
The basic factors that shaped the framework of Soviet agriculture and determined its landholding, farming methods, and performance were, the nationalization of land, the collectivization of the peasant farming, the growth of state farms, and the state policies on investments and taxation in this sector. In 1928, as much as 80 percent of the Soviet Union's population were still in agriculture and forestry, while 8 percent were in industry and construction, 2 percent in transport, 3 percent in trade, and the balance of 7 percent in all the other sectors. By 1940, the population in agriculture accounted for 54 percent, that in industry and construction for 23 percent, and the balance of the other 23 percent in all the other sectors. As the deep processes of sectoral changes continued, by 1987, only 19 percent of the population were stated to be in agriculture, while 38 percent were accounted for in industry and construction, and the balance of 43 percent in all the other sectors.
The process of collectivization developed at rapid speed from 1930 on. In the precollectivization period, toward the end of the NEP in 1927, barely 0.8 percent of the peasant households were in the agricultural collectives. By 1928 this percentage had risen only to 1.7 percent and by 1929 to 3.9 percent. As the massive process began to unfold in the centralized planning era, the percentage of peasant collectivization rose by 1930 to 23.6 percent, by 1931 to 52.7 percent, and finally by 1940 to 96.9 percent.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Russia's Economic TransitionsFrom Late Tsarism to the New Millennium, pp. 212 - 223Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2003