Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-03T14:04:28.673Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part III - Sustainable Urban Planning in Africa

Towards the 2030 Agenda and Beyond

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2023

Patrick Brandful Cobbinah
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Eric Gaisie
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

African Union. (2022). Agenda 2063: The Africa we want. African Union Agenda 2063. https://au.int/en/agenda2063/overview/Google Scholar
Agamben, G. (2009). What is an apparatus? In Kishik, D. & Pedatella, S. (trans.), What is an apparatus? And other essays (pp. 124). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Alexander, P. (2010). ‘Rebellion of the poor’: South Africa’s service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis. Review of African Political Economy, 37(123), 2540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Angelo, H., & Wachsmuth, D. (2020). Why does everyone think cities can save the planet? Urban Studies, 57(11), 22012221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Appel, H. (2012). Offshore work: Oil, modularity, and the how of capitalism in Equatorial Guinea. American Ethnologist, 39(4), 692709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, J. (2010). Vibrant matter: A political ecology of things. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Berman, M. (1981) All that is solid melts into air: The experience of modernity. New York: Simon and Schuster.Google Scholar
Bremner, L. (2004). Thabo Mbeki: The geography of exile. Domus, 874, 126131.Google Scholar
Boyle, L., & Staines, I. (2019). URERU smart city series part 1: Overview and analysis of Cape Town’s digital city strategy. Urban Real Estate Research Unit, University of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Bridges.org (2002). Taking stock and looking ahead: Digital divide assessment of the City of Cape Town. The City of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Callon, M. (2008). Economic markets and the rise of interactive agencements: From prosthetic agencies to habilitated agencies. In Pinch, T. & Swedberg, R. (eds.), Living in a material world: Economic sociology meets science and technology studies (pp. 2956). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castells, M., & Portes, A. (1989). World underneath: The origins, dynamics and effects of the informal economy. In Portes, A., Castells, M. & Benton, L. A. (eds.), The informal economy: Studies in advanced and less developed countries (pp. 1137). Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Chattopadhyay, S. (2012). Urbanism, colonialism and subalternity. In Edensor, T. & Jayne, M. (eds.), Urban theory beyond the West: A world of cities (pp. 7592). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Christopher, A. J. (2001) The atlas of changing South Africa. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
City of Cape Town. (2016). Digital city strategy (Draft 9). The City of Cape Town.Google Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., & Addaney, M. (eds.) (2021). Sustainable urban futures in Africa. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, J. (2013). The making and re-imagining of Khayelitsha. Report by the Development Action Group (DAG) and University of Cape Town (UCT).Google Scholar
Dawney, L. (2021). The multiple temporalities of infrastructure: Atomic cities and the memory of lost futures. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 39(3), 405422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Boeck, F. (2011). Inhabiting ocular ground: Kinshasa’s future in the light of Congo’s spectral urban politics. Cultural Anthropology, 26(2), 263286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Soto, H. (1989). The other path: The invisible revolution in the third world. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Deleuze, G., & Guattari, F. L. (1987). A thousand plateaus: Capitalism and schizophrenia (Trans. Massumi, B.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Department of Economic Development & Tourism (2010). Provincial telecommunications infrastructure position paper. Western Cape Provincial Government.Google Scholar
Department of Cooperative Governance (DCoG) (2021). A South African smart cities framework. Published and produced by the Department of Cooperative Governance (DCoG) in collaboration with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR).Google Scholar
Devlin, R. (2018). Asking ‘Third World questions’ of First World informality: Using southern theory to parse needs from desires in an analysis of informal urbanism of the global north. Planning Theory, 17(4), 568587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, V., & Briceño-Garmendia, C. (eds.) (2010). Africa’s infrastructure: A time for transformation. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.Google Scholar
Gillwald, A., Onkokame, M., & Rademan, B. (2018). After access: The state of ICT in South Africa. Policy Paper no. 5, Series 5. Ed. A. Gillwald. https://researchictafrica.net/after-access-south-africa-state-of-ict-2017-south-africa-report_04/Google Scholar
Graham, S., & Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering urbanism: Networked infrastructures, technological mobilities and the urban condition. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hart, K. (1973). Informal income opportunities and urban employment in Ghana. Journal of Modern African Studies, 11(1), 6189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holston, J. (1991). Autoconstruction in working-class Brazil. Cultural Anthropology, 6(4), 447465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, L., Wu, J., & Yan, L. (2015). Defining and measuring urban sustainability: A review of indicators. Landscape Ecology, 30(7), 11751193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ICA (Infrastructure Consortium for Africa) (2019). African economic outlook – 2018. Abidjan: The Infrastructure Consortium for Africa Secretariat at the African Development Bank.Google Scholar
International Labour Organization (1972) Employment, incomes and equality: A strategy for increasing productive employment in Kenya. www.ilo.org/public/libdoc/ilo/1972/72B09_608_engl.pdfGoogle Scholar
James, P. (2015). Urban sustainability in theory and practice: Circles of sustainability. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Keil, R., & Whitehead, M. (2012). Cities and the politics of sustainability. In Mossberger, K., Clarke, S. & John, P. (eds.), The Oxford handbook of urban politics (pp. 520541). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kretzmann, S., & Luhanga, P. (2021). Cape Town has reached ‘transport day zero’ – This is why. The Daily Maverick, 29 July. www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-07-29-cape-town-has-reached-transport-day-zero-this-is-why/.Google Scholar
Larkin, B. (2005). Nigerian video: The infrastructure of piracy. Politique Africaine, 100(4), 146164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larkin, B. (2013). The politics and poetics of infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology, 42(1), 327343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latour, B. (1993). We have never been modern (Trans. Porter, C.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lemanski, C. (2020). Viewpoint: Infrastructural citizenship: (De)constructing state–society relations. International Development Planning Review, 42(2), 115125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levenson, Z. (2022). Delivery as dispossession: Land occupation and eviction in the postapartheid city. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maloney, W. F. (2004). Informality revisited. World Development, 32(7), 11591178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marx, K. (1867 [1967]). Capital: A critique of political economy. Volume I: The process of capitalist production. New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar
McFarlane, C., & Silver, J. (2017). The political city: ‘Seeing sanitation’ and making the urban political in Cape Town. Antipode, 49(1), 125148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mrázek, R. (2002). Engineers of happy land: Technology and nationalism in a colony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, J. (2021). How to build a bridge across the digital divide. World Economic Forum, 8 October. www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/10/how-to-build-a-bridge-across-the-digital-divide/Google Scholar
Nail, T. (2017). What is an assemblage? SubStance, 46(1) (Issue 142), 2137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngxiza, S. (2012). Sustainable economic development in previously deprived localities: The case of Khayelitsha in Cape Town. Urban Forum, 23, 181195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odendaal, N. (2011). Splintering urbanism or split agendas? Examining the spatial distribution of technology access in relation to ICT policy in Durban, South Africa. Urban Studies, 48(11): 23752397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otter, S. (2007). Khayelitsha: Umlungu in a township. Johannesburg: Penguin Books South Africa.Google Scholar
Pieterse, E., & Cirolia, L. R. (2022) Mainstreaming sustainable infrastructure investment: Synthesis and reflections. Cape Town: African Centre for Cities & Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Pieterse, E. (2011a). Rethinking African urbanism from the slum. Urban age: A worldwide investigation into the future of cities. London and Berlin: LSE Cities and the Alfred Herrhausen Society.Google Scholar
Pieterse, E. (2011b). Grasping the unknowable: Coming to grips with African urbanisms. Social Dynamics, 37(1), 523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pieterse, E. (2013). City futures: Confronting the crisis of urban development. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Pollio, A., & Cirolia, L. R. (2022). Financing ICT and digitalisation in Africa: Current trends and key sustainability issues. Cape Town: African Centre for Cities & Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Pollio, A., Cirolia, L. R., & Pieterse, E. (2022). Infrastructure financing in Africa: Overview, research gaps, and urban research agenda. Cape Town: African Centre for Cities & Alfred Herrhausen Gesellschaft.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. (1996). The power of apartheid: State, power, and space in South African cities. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. (2002). Global and world cities: A view from off the map. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 26, 531554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saiu, V. (2017). The three pitfalls of sustainable city: A conceptual framework for evaluating the theory-practice gap. Sustainability, 9(2311), 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simone, A. M. (2002). People as infrastructure: Intersecting fragments in Johannesburg. Public Culture, 16(3), 407429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simuyemba, S., & Baba-Moussa, A. (2022). The programme for infrastructure development in Africa: Transforming Africa through modern infrastructure. African Development Bank, 10 January. www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/PIDA%20brief%20closing%20gap.pdfGoogle Scholar
Surplus People Project, South Africa. (1984). Khayelitsha: New home, old story: A dossier of forced removals of Cape Town’s African population. Cape Town: Surplus People Project.Google Scholar
Thieme, T. A. (2018). The hustle economy: Informality, uncertainty and the geographies of getting by. Progress in Human Geography, 42(4), 529548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United Nations (2020). Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/Google Scholar
Whizz ICT Centre (2021). Company profile. Full text available on request.Google Scholar
Whizz ICT Centre (2022). Whizz ICT Centre. https://whizzictcentre.business.site/Google Scholar

References

Alola, A. A., & Alola, U. V. (2019). The dynamic nexus of crop production and population growth: Housing market sustainability pathway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(7), 64726480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arabile, G., & Amogelang, M. (2017). Why land seizure is back in news in South Africa. Bloomberg. www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2018-03-01/why-land-seizure-is-back-in-news-in-south-africa-quicktake-q-a#xj4y7vzkgGoogle Scholar
Asian NGO Coalition for Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ANGOC) (2012). Securing the right to land: An overview on access to land in Asia. Quezon City: ANGOC.Google Scholar
Bailey, D. (2007). Land reform in South Africa: A qualitative analysis of the Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development Programme using experiences from a case study in KwaZulu-Natal. Master’s thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Google Scholar
Baysse-Lainé, A., & Perrin, C. (2021). Inequities and relations of domination in farmland management in France through the prism of justice foncière and land justice. www.jssj.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/JSSJ_16_Baysse_EN.pdfGoogle Scholar
Beinart, W., Mnwana, S., & Wotshela, L. (2020). Land reform, rural inequality and agrarian change: The case of Isidenge, Stutterheim, Eastern Cape. Transformation: Critical Perspective on Southern Africa, 102(1), 2748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolnick, J., & Van Rensburg, G. (2005). The Methodist Church’s initiative to use its vacant land to support homeless people’s housing and livelihoods in South Africa. Environment and Urbanization, 17(1), 115122.Google Scholar
Borras, S. M. Jr, & Franco, J. C. (2010). Contemporary discourses and contestations around pro-poor land policies and land governance. Journal of Agrarian Change, 10(1), 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyce, B. (2003). Linking land restitution and urban development: lessons for restructuring the apartheid city from the Kipi land claim, Durban Metropolitan area. PhD dissertation. University of KwaZulu-Natal, South AfricaGoogle Scholar
Chikwanha, A. (2021). Trust and justice – Establishing the link. Politikon, 48(4), 589606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chikozho, C., Managa, R., & Dabata, T. (2020). Ensuring access to water for food production by emerging farmers in South Africa: What are the missing ingredients? Water SA, 46(2), 225233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cliffe, L. (2000). Land reform in South Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 27(84), 273286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordeiro-Rodrigues, L., & Chimakonam, J. (2020). The South African land question in light of Nelson Mandela’s political thought. African Studies, 79(2), 250265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cousins, B. (2016). Land reform in South Africa is sinking. Can it be saved? Paper presented to the Nelson Mandela Foundation. www.nelsonmandela.org/uploads/files//Land__law_and_leadership_-_paper_2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Davie, G. (2015). Poverty knowledge in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, N. C. (2019). Implications of incomplete restorative justice in South African land restitution: Lessons from the Moletele case. Anthropology Southern Africa, 42(3), 217231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falagas, M., Pitsouni, E., Malietzis, G., & Pappas, G. (2008). Comparison of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar: Strengths and weaknesses. FASEB Journal, 22(2), 338342.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, J., & Vegelin, C. (2016). Sustainable development goals and inclusive development. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 16(3), 433448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R. (2004). Restitution and the politics of land reform: Stepping outside the box. Conference on Ten Years of Democracy in Southern Africa, 2–5 May. Kingston, Queens University.Google Scholar
Hall, R. (2014). The legacies of the Native Land Act of 1913. Scriptura, 113, 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, R., & Kepe, T. (2017). Elite capture and state neglect: New evidence on South Africa’s land reform. Review of African Political Economy, 44(151), 122130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, P., Todes, A., & Watson, V. (2008). Planning and transformation: Learning from the post-apartheid experience. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hendricks, F. (2004). Does the South African Constitution legitimise colonial land alienation? Sociology Department Seminar Series, 5 March. Johannesburg: Rand Afrikaans University.Google Scholar
Holden, G., Rosenberg, G., & Barker, K. (2005). Tracing thought through time and space: A selective review of bibliometrics in social work. Social Work in Health Case, 41(¾), 134.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huchzermeyer, M., Harrison, P., Charlton, S., Klug, N., Rubin, M., & Todes, A. (2019). Urban land reform in South Africa: Pointers for urban policy and planning. Town and Regional Planning, 75, 91103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, P. (2019). The reproduction of racial inequality in South Africa: The colonial unconscious and democracy. In Satgar, V. (ed.), Racism after apartheid: Challenges for Marxism and anti-racism (pp. 158193). Johannesburg: Wits University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, S., & Whittal, J. (2021). Do design science research and design thinking processes improve the ‘fit’ of the fit-for-purpose approach to securing land tenure for all in South Africa? Land, 10(5), 484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keswell, M., & Carter, M. (2014). Poverty and land redistribution. Journal of Development Economics, 110, 250261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirsten, J. F., Machethe, C. L., Ndlovu, T., & Lubambo, P. (2016). Performance of land reform projects in the North West Province of South Africa: Changes over time and possible causes. Development Southern Africa, 33(4), 442458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kloppers, H., & Pienaar, G. (2014). The historical context of land reform in South Africa and early policies. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 17(2), 676706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lahiff, E. (2007). Willing buyer, willing seller: South Africa’s failed experiment in market-led agrarian reform. Third World Quarterly, 28(8), 15771597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leibbrandt, M., & De Wet, C. (1991). Land reform and regional economy: A Ciskeian case study. In Matlhape, S. & Munz, A. (eds.), Towards a new agrarian democratic order. Amsterdam: SAERT Project.Google Scholar
Lessmann, C. (2014). Spatial inequality and development – Is there an inverted-U relationship? Journal of Development Economics, 106, 3551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyne, M., Zille, P., & Graham, D. (2000). Financing the market-based redistribution of land to disadvantaged farmers and farm workers in South Africa: Recent performance of the Land Reform Credit Facility. Sociological Research Online, 5(2), 5765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabasa, K. (2019). Democratic Marxism and the national question: Race and class in post-apartheid South Africa. In Satgar, V. (ed.), Racism after apartheid: Challenges for Marxism and anti-racism (pp. 158173). South Africa: Wits University Press.Google Scholar
Mallett, R., Hagen-Zanker, J., Slater, R., & Duvendack, M. (2012). The benefits and challenges of using systematic reviews in international development research. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 4(3), 445455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manenzhe, T. J., & Lahiff, E. (2007). Restitution and post-settlement support: Three case studies from Limpopo. https://repository.uwc.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10566/80/Manenzhe_Restitution2007.pdf?sequence=1Google Scholar
Masitera, E. (2021). Thinking about land reform in Southern Africa: The introduction. In Masitera, E. (ed.), Philosophical perspectives on land reform in Southern Africa (pp. 115). London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matli, W., & Ngoepe, M. (2021). Life situations and lived experiences of young people who are not in education, employment, or training in South Africa. Education + Training, 63(9), 12421257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, H., & Lahiff, E. (2007). Land reform in Namaqualand, 1994–2005: A review. Journal of Arid Environments, 70(4), 782798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCann, G., & Matenga, C. (2020). COVID-19 and global inequality. In Carmody, P., McCann, G., Colleran, C. & O’Halloran, C. (eds.), COVID-19 in the global south: Impacts and responses (pp. 161171). Bristol: Bristol University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mkhize, N. B. (2018). Addressing the spatial inequality of economic infrastructure through spatial planning: A case of the proposed Edendale town centre in Msunduzi municipality. PhD dissertation, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Google Scholar
Mtero, F., Gumede, N., & Ramantsima, K. (2019). Elite capture in land redistribution in South Africa. Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) Research Report No. 55. https://repository.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10566/5089/PLAAS-RR-55-Elite-Capture-Web.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
Nengomasha, C. (2021). Post-apartheid cities in South Africa: A mirage of inclusivity. In Magidimisha-Chipungu, H. & Chipungu, L. (eds.), Urban inclusivity in Southern Africa (pp. 163191). Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Netshipale, A. J., Oosting, S. J., Mashiloane, M. L., Van Reenen, C. G., De Boer, I. J., & Raidimi, E. N. (2020). Agriculture in land reform farms: Impact on livelihoods of beneficiaries in the Waterberg district, South Africa. Land Use Policy, 97, 104710.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ntsebeza, L. (2011). The land question: Exploring obstacles to land redistribution in South Africa. In Shapiro, I. & Tebeau, K. (eds.), After apartheid: Reinventing South Africa (pp. 294308). Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar
Olubode-Awosola, F. (2010). Agricultural land tax and farm-level land-use changes and output supply response. China Agricultural Economic Review, 2(1), 7993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olubode-Awosola, O., & Van Schalkwyk, H. (2006). Mentorship alliance between South African farmers: Implications for sustainable agriculture sector reform. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 9(4), 544566.Google Scholar
Olubode-Awosola, O., van Schalkwykb, H., & Jooste, A. (2008). Mathematical modeling of the South African land redistribution for development policy. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30, 841855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owino, F. O., Hayombe, P. O., & Agong, S. G. (2014). Spatial planning interventions and their implications on conservation of urban green spaces. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 3(3), 321331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pirri, S., Lorenzoni, V., & Turchetti, G. (2020). Scoping review and bibliometric analysis of Big Data applications for medication adherence: An explorative methodological study to enhance consistency in literature. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1), 123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Popoola, A. (2022). The politics of infrastructural provision in rural areas of Oyo State Nigeria. African Sociological Review, 26(1), 94126.Google Scholar
Popoola, A., Blamah, N., Mosima, C., Nkosi, M., Medayese, S., Chipungu, L., & Magidimisha-Chipungu, H. (2021). The language of struggle and radical activism as an inclusive city tool among the neglected urban poor of South Africa. In Magidimisha-Chipungu, H. & Chipungu, L. (eds.), Urban inclusivity in Southern Africa (pp. 417445). Cham: Springer International Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popoola, A., Olatunde, M., Magidimisha, H., Abiodun, A., Adeleye, B., & Chipungu, L. (2020). Urban forced evictions: Experiences in the metropolitan city of Lagos, Nigeria: Indonesian Journal of Geography, 52(1), 112127.Google Scholar
Pretorius, O., Pillay, N., Letsoko, V., & Huston, Z. (2021). Integrating the 4th industrial revolution in spatial planning curricula: The case of South African tertiary institutions. Australasian Universities Building Education Association Conference (AUBEA), 28–29 October. Victoria: Deakin University.Google Scholar
Reddy, D. T. (2015). South Africa, settler colonialism and the failures of liberal democracy. London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Republic of South Africa. Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) (2015). Implementation evaluation of Proactive Land Acquisition Strategy (PLAS). www.dalrrd.gov.za/phocadownloadpap/Evaluation_Reports/IMPLEMENTATION%20EVALUATION%20OF%20PROACTIVE%20LAND%20ACQUISITION%20STRATEGY.pdfGoogle Scholar
Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriulture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) (2017). Land audit report: Phase II private land ownership by race, gender and nationality. www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201802/landauditreport13feb2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Republic of South Africa, Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) (2020). National policy for beneficiary selection and land allocation (draft). www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202001/42939gon2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Sharifi, A., & Khavarian-Garmsir, A. R. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: Impacts on cities and major lessons for urban planning, design, and management. Elsevier Public Health Emergency Collection, 749(142391), 114.Google Scholar
Shifa, M., & Leibbrandt, M. (2022). Spatial inequality in sub-Saharan Africa. African Geographical Review, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/19376812.2022.2099916CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sihlobo, W., & Kirsten, J. (2018). Clear criteria needed for beneficiary selection in South Africa’s agricultural land redistribution. Business Day, 25 June. www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2018-06-25-clear-criteria-needed-for-beneficiary-selection-in-agricultural-restitutionGoogle Scholar
Strielkowski, W., Zenchenko, S., Tarasova, A., & Radyukova, Y. (2022). Management of smart and sustainable cities in the post-COVID-19 era: Lessons and implications. Sustainability, 12(7267), 117.Google Scholar
Todes, A. (2008). Rethinking spatial planning. Town and Regional Planning, 53, 913.Google Scholar
Turok, I. (2018). Worlds apart: Spatial inequalities in South Africa. In Smith, M. N. (ed.), Confronting inequality: The South African crisis (pp. 129151). Johannesburg: Jacana Media.Google Scholar
United Nations (UN) (2017). New urban agenda. https://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/NUA-English.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations (UN) (2022). Sustainable development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11Google Scholar
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2008). Spatial planning: Key instrument for development and effective governance. https://unece.org/info/Housing-and-Land-Management/pub/2878Google Scholar
Van der Walt, A., & Viljoen, S. (2015). The constitutional mandate for social welfare – Systemic differences and links between property, land rights and housing rights. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad, 18(4), 10351090.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2022). VOSviewer manual. www.vosviewer.com/getting-startedGoogle Scholar
Vink, N., & Kirsten, J. (2019). Principles and practice for successful farmland redistribution in South Africa. Institute for Poverty, Land and Agrarian Studies (PLAAS) Working Paper No. 57. https://repository.uwc.ac.za/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10566/4653/wp_57_successful_farmland_redistribution_south_africa.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
Watson, V., & Agbola, B. (2013). Who will plan Africa’s cities? www.africaresearchinstitute.org/newsite/publications/who-will-plan-africas-cities/Google Scholar
Zantsi, S. (2019). Profiling potential land redistribution beneficiaries in South Africa: Implications for agricultural extension and policy design. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension, 47(4), 135151.Google Scholar
Zantsi, S. (2021). Explaining land size demand among potential emerging farmers in South Africa: What does it mean for land redistribution policy? South African Geographical Journal, 103(4), 519539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zantsi, S., & Greyling, C. (2021). Land redistribution in South Africa’s land reform policy: A better way to select beneficiaries. Agrekon, 60(2), 108127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, F. (2000). Barriers to participation of the poor in South Africa’s land redistribution. World Development, 28(8), 14391460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Adarkwa, K. K. (2012). The changing face of Ghanaian towns. African Review of Economics and Finance, 4(1), 129.Google Scholar
Addaney, M., & Cobbinah, P. B. (2019). Climate change, urban planning and sustainable development in Africa: The difference worth appreciating. In Addaney, M. & Cobbinah, P. B. (eds.), The geography of climate change adaptation in urban Africa (pp. 326). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adger, W. N., Huq, S., Brown, K., Conway, D., & Hulme, M. (2003). Adaptation to climate change in the developing world. Progress in Development Studies, 3(3), 179195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agudelo-Vera, C. M., Mels, A. R., Keesman, K. J., & Rijnaarts, H. H. (2011). Resource management as a key factor for sustainable urban planning. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(10), 22952303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aktinson, P., & Hammersley, M. (1998). Ethnography and participant observation. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.), Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry (pp. 248261). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Anthopoulos, L. G., & Vakali, A. (2012). Urban planning and smart cities: Interrelations and reciprocities. In Álvarez, F., Cleary, F., Daras, P., Domingue, J., Galis, A., Garcia, A., … & Zahariadis, T. (eds.), The future internet assembly 2012: From promises to reality 9 (pp. 178189). Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bang, H. N., Miles, L. S., & Gordon, R. D. (2019). Disaster risk reduction in Cameroon: Are contemporary disaster management frameworks accommodating the Sendai framework agenda 2030? International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10(4), 462477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnett, C., & Parnell, S. (2016). Ideas, implementation and indicators: Epistemologies of the post-2015 urban agenda. Environment and Urbanization, 28(1), 8798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., … & Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), 481518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beeckmans, L., & Lagae, J. (2015). Kinshasa’s syndrome-planning in historical perspective: From Belgian colonial capital to self-constructed megalopolis. In Nunes Silva, C. (ed.), Urban planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial and post-colonial planning cultures (pp. 223246). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bigon, L. (2016). Bubonic plague, colonial ideologies, and urban planning policies: Dakar, Lagos, and Kumasi. Planning Perspectives, 31(2), 205226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broto, V. C., & Bulkeley, H. (2013). A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Global Environmental Change, 23(1), 92102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chakrabarty, D. (2005). A small history of subaltern studies. In Schwarz, H. & Ray, S. (eds.), A companion to postcolonial studies (pp. 467485). Malden, MA: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheshmehzangi, A., Dawodu, A., & Sharifi, A. (2021). Sustainable urbanism in China. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chigara, B., Magwaro-Ndiweni, L., Mudzengerere, F. H., & Ncube, A. B. (2013). An analysis of the effects of piecemeal planning on development of small urban centres in Zimbabwe: Case study of Plumtree. International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research, 2(4), 2640.Google Scholar
Clarke, V., Braun, V., & Hayfield, N. (2015). Thematic analysis. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods, 222, 248.Google Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., & Darkwah, R. M. (2017). Urban planning and politics in Ghana. GeoJournal, 82, 12291245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., Poku-Boansi, M., & Peprah, C. (2017). Urban environmental problems in Ghana. Environmental Development, 23, 3346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., Amoako, C., & Asibey, M. O. (2019a). The changing face of Kumasi central, Ghana. Geoforum, 101, 4961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., Asibey, M. O., Opoku-Gyamfi, M., & Peprah, C. (2019b). Urban planning and climate change in Ghana. Journal of Urban Management, 8(2), 261271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., Erdiaw-Kwasie, M., & Adams, E. A. (2021). COVID-19: Can it transform urban planning in Africa? Cities & Health, 5(sup1), S48S51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobbinah, P. B., Korah, P. I., Bardoe, J. B., Darkwah, R. M., & Nunbogu, A. M. (2022). Contested urban spaces in unplanned urbanization: Wetlands under siege. Cities, 121, 103489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darkwah, R. M., Cobbinah, P. B., & Anokye, P. A. (2018). Contextualising urban resilience in Ghana: Local perspectives and experiences. Geoforum, 94, 1223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, A. (2019). Postcolonial urban futures: Imagining and governing India’s smart urban age. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 37(3), 393410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Nys-Ketels, S., Heindryckx, L., Lagae, J., & Beeckmans, L. (2019). Planning Belgian Congo’s network of medical infrastructure: Type-plans as tools to construct a medical model-colony, 1949–1959. Planning Perspectives, 34(5), 757778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estoque, R. C., Ooba, M., Togawa, T., Hijioka, Y., & Murayama, Y. (2021). Monitoring global land-use efficiency in the context of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Habitat International, 115, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farr, D. (2011). Sustainable urbanism: Urban design with nature. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Fossey, E., Harvey, C., McDermott, F., & Davidson, L. (2002). Understanding and evaluating qualitative research. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(6), 717732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuso Nerini, F., Sovacool, B., Hughes, N., Cozzi, L., Cosgrave, E., Howells, M., … & Milligan, B. (2019). Connecting climate action with other Sustainable Development Goals. Nature Sustainability, 2(8), 674680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrison, N., Horowitz, C., Lunghino, C. A., Devine, J., & Beckman, D. S. (2012). Looking up: How green roofs and cool roofs can reduce energy use, address climate change, and protect water resources in Southern California. Natural Resources Defence Council.Google Scholar
Home, R. (2013). Of planting and planning: The making of British colonial cities (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Home, R. (2015). Colonial urban planning in Anglophone Africa. In Nunes Silva, C. (ed.), Urban planning in sub-Saharan Africa: Colonial and post-colonial planning cultures (pp. 7588). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hurlimann, A., Barnett, J., Fincher, R., Osbaldiston, N., Mortreux, C., & Graham, S. (2014). Urban planning and sustainable adaptation to sea-level rise. Landscape and Urban Planning, 126, 8493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonga, W., & Chirisa, I. (2009). Urban local governance in the crucible: Empirical overtones of central government meddling in local urban councils affairs in Zimbabwe. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 3(12), 166182.Google Scholar
Kamete, A. Y. (2012). Interrogating planning’s power in an African city: Time for reorientation? Planning Theory, 11(1), 6688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, C., & Corfee-Morlot, J. (2013). Past performance and future needs for low carbon climate resilient infrastructure – An investment perspective. Energy Policy, 59, 773783.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korah, P. I., Cobbinah, P. B., & Nunbogu, A. M. (2017). Spatial planning in Ghana: Exploring the contradictions. Planning Practice & Research, 32 (4), 361384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krellenberg, K., Bergsträßer, H., Bykova, D., Kress, N., & Tyndall, K. (2019). Urban sustainability strategies guided by the SDGs – A tale of four cities. Sustainability, 11(4), 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J., & Rice, J. L. (2019). From sustainable urbanism to climate urbanism. Urban Studies, 56(5), 9921008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mabogunje, A. L. (1990). Urban planning and the post-colonial state in Africa: A research overview 1. African Studies Review, 33(2), 121203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormack, C. (2004). Storying stories: A narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 7(3), 219236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, J. (2012). A personal insight into researcher positionality. Nurse Researcher, 19(4), 1114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mukheibir, P., & Ziervogel, G. (2007). Developing a Municipal Adaptation Plan (MAP) for climate change: The city of Cape Town. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 143158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukheibir, P., & Ziervogel, G. (2017). Municipal Adaptation Planning (MAP): A city-based framework for climate change adaptation 1. In Tang, K. (ed.), Green CITYnomics (pp. 7288). London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutema, E. P. (2012). Debating the implications of the urban councils act Chapter 29.15 (1996) on the practice of good corporate governance in Zimbabwe’s urban local authorities. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 2(11), 20842095.Google Scholar
Naess, P. (2001). Urban planning and sustainable development. European Planning Studies, 9(4), 503524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Njoh, A. J. (2009). Urban planning as a tool of power and social control in colonial Africa. Planning Perspectives, 24(3), 301317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Njoh, A. J. (2016). Urban planning and public health in Africa: Historical, theoretical and practical dimensions of a continent’s water and sanitation problematic. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palaganas, E. C., Sanchez, M. C., Molintas, V. P., & Caricativo, R. D. (2017). Reflexivity in qualitative research: A journey of learning. Qualitative Report, 22(2), 426438.Google Scholar
Palmer, E. (2015). Introduction: The 2030 agenda. Journal of Global Ethics, 11(3), 262269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papa, R., Gargiulo, C., & Galderisi, A. (2013). Towards an urban planners’ perspective on Smart City. TeMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment, 6(1), 517.Google Scholar
Popay, J., Rogers, A., & Williams, G. (1998). Rationale and standards for the systematic review of qualitative literature in health services research. Qualitative Health Research, 8(3), 341351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Potts, D. (2006). ‘Restoring order’? Operation Murambatsvina and the urban crisis in Zimbabwe. Journal of Southern African Studies, 32(2), 273291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, J. L. (2013). Climate, carbon, and territory: Greenhouse gas mitigation in Seattle, Washington. In Aspinall, R. (ed.), Geography of climate change (pp. 222230). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Satterthwaite, D. (2016). Successful, safe and sustainable cities: Towards a new urban agenda. Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, 19, 318.Google Scholar
Schindler, S., Mitlin, D., & Marvin, S. (2018). National urban policy making and its potential for sustainable urbanism. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 34, 4853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharifi, A., & Yamagata, Y. (2018). Resilience-oriented urban planning. In Yamagata, Y. & Sharifi, A. (eds.), Resilience-oriented urban planning: Theoretical and empirical insights (pp. 327). Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, B. N., Khan, M., & Han, K. (2018). Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable Cities and Society, 38, 697713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, C. N. (2015). Urban planning in sub-Saharan Africa. Abingdon: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soergel, B., Kriegler, E., Weindl, I., Rauner, S., Dirnaichner, A., Ruhe, C., … & Popp, A. (2021). A sustainable development pathway for climate action within the UN 2030 Agenda. Nature Climate Change, 11(8), 656664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN-DESA (2016). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development. United Nations.Google Scholar
Vale, L. J. (2014). The politics of resilient cities: Whose resilience and whose city? Building Research & Information, 42(2), 191201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valencia, S. C., Simon, D., Croese, S., Nordqvist, J., Oloko, M., Sharma, T., … & Versace, I. (2019). Adapting the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda to the city level: Initial reflections from a comparative research project. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(1), 423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, V. (2016). Locating planning in the New Urban Agenda of the urban sustainable development goal. Planning Theory, 15(4), 435448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wekwete, K. H. (1988). Development of urban planning in Zimbabwe: an overview. Cities, 5(1), 5771.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
While, A., Jonas, A. E., & Gibbs, D. (2010). From sustainable development to carbon control: Eco-state restructuring and the politics of urban and regional development. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(1), 7693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, M. (2012). The sustainable city: An obituary? On the future form and prospects of sustainable urbanism. In Flint, J. & Raco, M. (eds.), The future of sustainable cities: Radical reflections (pp. 2946). Bristol: Policy Press.Google Scholar
World Bank (2014). Urban China: Toward efficient, inclusive, and sustainable urbanization. World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0206-5Google Scholar
ZimStat (2022). 2022 Population and Housing Census: Preliminary report on population figures. Harare: ZimStat.Google Scholar

References

Abu-Salia, R., Osumanu, K. I., & Ahmed, A. (2015). Coping with the challenges of urbanization in low-income areas: An analysis of the livelihood systems of slum dwellers of the Wa Municipality, Ghana. Current Urban Studies, 3, 105118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AFDB (2017). Jobs for youth in Africa. African Development Bank. www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors-sectors-human-capital-development/jobs-youthGoogle Scholar
Adeleye, L. A. (2010). Understanding urban and regional planning law and administration in Nigeria. Ile-Ife: Timade Ventures.Google Scholar
African Policy Circle (2020). Addressing the challenges of urbanization in Africa. https://africanpolicycircle.net/Google Scholar
Afrin, S., Chowdhury, F., & Rahman, M. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: Rethinking strategies for resilient urban design, perceptions, and planning. Frontiers of Sustainable Cities, 14, 7.Google Scholar
Alderton, A., Davern, M., & Nitvimol, K. (2019). What is the meaning of urban liveability for a city in a low-to-middle-income country? Contextualising liveability for Bangkok, Thailand. Global Health, 15, 51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badiora, A., & Ojo, D. (2021). Perceived constraints to public participation in contemporary Nigerian land-use planning. Town and Regional Planning, 78, 1633.Google Scholar
Badiora, A., Bako, A., & Olaleye, O. (2020). Evaluating public participation in a project review: A Nigerian case study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Evaluation, 16(36), 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Begashaw, B. (2019). Africa and the Sustainable Development Goals: A long way to go. Africa in Focus. www.brookings.edu/blog/africa-in-focus/2019/07/29/africa-and-the-sustainable-development-goals-a-long-way-to-go/Google Scholar
Bérenger, V., & Verdier-Chouchane, A. (2007). Multidimensional measures of well-being: Standard of living and quality of life across countries. World Development, 35(7), 12591276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, A. F. (2003). Linkages in the landscape: The role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation. Cambridge: IUCN.Google Scholar
Bloomberg (2021). Nigeria unemployment rate rises to 33%, second highest on global list. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-15/nigeria-unemployment-rate-rises-to-second-highest-on-global-list#xj4y7vzkgGoogle Scholar
Bolay, J. C. (2015). Urban planning in Africa: Which alternative for poor cities? The case of Koudougou in Burkina Faso. Current Urban Studies, 3, 413431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brankovic, J. (2019). What drives violence in South Africa? Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), South Africa.Google Scholar
Breidlid, A. (2009). Culture, indigenous knowledge systems and sustainable development: A critical view of education in an African context. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(2), 140148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castonguay, C. (2021). How are cities being designed for the post-COVID world? Mimeo, Faculty of Urban and Environmental Change, York University.Google Scholar
Charron, N., Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2014). Regional governance matters: Quality of government within European Union member states. Regional Studies, 48(1), 6890.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chowdhury, O. H. (1991). Human development index: A critique. Bangladesh Development Studies, 19(3), 125127.Google Scholar
Cities Alliance (2021). Slums and slum upgrading. www.citiesalliance.org/themes/slums-and-slum-upgrading/Google Scholar
Costanza, R., Brendan, F. S., Beer, C., Bond, L., Roelof, B., Nicholas, L., Dickinson, J., Elliott, C. Farley, J., & Gayer, E. D. (2007). Quality of life: An approach integrating opportunities, human needs, and subjective well-being. Ecological Economics, 6, 267276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Datta, A., & Shaban, A. (2016). Mega-urbanisation in the global south. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) (2012). A summary of the liveability ranking and overview. www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdfGoogle Scholar
Echendu, A. J. (2020). The impact of flooding on Nigeria’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). Ecosystem Health and Sustainability, 6(1), 1791735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folke, C., Jansson, Å., Rockström, J., Olsson, P., Carpenter, S. R., Chapin, F. S., ... & Westley, F. (2011). Reconnecting to the biosphere. Ambio, 40, 719738.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fourie, D. J. (2014). The role of public sector enterprises in the South African economy. African Journal of Public Affairs, 7( 1), 3040.Google Scholar
FRN (Federal Republic of Nigeria) (1978). Land Use Act No. 6 of 1978. Lagos: Federal Government Printer.Google Scholar
FRN (Federal Republic of Nigeria) (1992). The Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Decree No. 88 of 1992. Lagos: Federal Government Printer.Google Scholar
FRN (Federal Republic of Nigeria) (1999). Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Act 18 of 1999. Abuja: Nigeria.Google Scholar
Ge, J., & Hokao, K. (2006). Research on residential lifestyles in Japanese cities from the viewpoints of residential preference, residential choice and residential satisfaction. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(3), 165178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Githira, D. (2020). Analysis of multiple deprivations in secondary cities in sub-Saharan Africa. UNICEF. www.unicef.org/esa/media/5561/file/Analysis%20of%20Multiple%20Deprivations%20in%20Secondary%20Cities%20-%20Analysis%20Report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, P. (2017). Bolstering urbanization efforts: Africa’s approach to the New Urban Agenda. Africa Growth Initiative, Brookings Institute.Google Scholar
Hamam, S., Shalaby, A. Farouh, H., & Elariane, S. (2013). Principles of urban quality of life for a neighborhood. HBRC Journal, 9(1), 8692.Google Scholar
Hankey, S., & Marshall, J. D. (2017). Urban form, air pollution, and health. Current Environmental Health Reports, 4(4), 491503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, P., & Croese, S. (2023). The persistence and rise of master planning in urban Africa: Transnational circuits and local ambitions. Planning Perspectives, 38(1), 2547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heikkilä, L. (2006). The comparison of Indigenous and scientific perceptions of reindeer management. In Forbes, B. C., Bölter, M., Müller-Wille, L., Hukkinen, J., Müller, F., Gunslay, N. & Konstantinov, Y. (eds.), 2006. Reindeer management in northernmost Europe: Linking practical and scientific knowledge in social-ecological systems (pp. 7393). Ecological Studies 184. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heinonen, U. (2008). The hidden role of informal economy. Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.Google Scholar
Higgs, C., Badland, H., & Simons, K. (2019). The Urban Liveability Index: Developing a policy-relevant urban liveability composite measure and evaluating associations with transport mode choice. International Journal of Health Geography, 18, 14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horn, A. (2019). The history of urban growth management in South Africa: Tracking the origin and current status of urban edge policies in three metropolitan municipalities. Planning Perspectives, 34(6), 959977.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horn, P. (2021). Enabling participatory planning to be scaled in exclusionary urban political environments: Lessons from the Mukuru Special Planning Area in Nairobi. Environment and Urbanization, 33(2), 519538.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ibrahim, K. (2014). Post-revolutionary urban Egypt: A new mode of practice? http://journals.openedition.org/ema/3330Google Scholar
ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross) (2022). Nothing to eat: Food crisis is soaring across Africa. International Committee of the Red Cross. www.icrc.org/en/document/food-crisis-soaring-across-africaGoogle Scholar
Inkoom, D. (2022). The implications of COVID-19 on urban development research in Africa. International Science Council. https://council.science/current/blog/the-implications-of-covid-19-on-urban-development-research-in-africa/Google Scholar
Institute for Economics and Peace (2021). Global Terrorism Index 2020: Measuring the Impact of Terrorism, Sydney. November 2020. www.economicsandpeace.org/reports/Google Scholar
Iqbal, M. (2022). State of housing sector in Pakistan. Pakistan and Gulf Economist, 4 October.Google Scholar
Jenkins, P., Smith, H., & Wang, Y. (2007). Planning and housing in the rapidly urbanizing world. Melbourne: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jiman, C. (2017). Public participation efficiency in planning for urban development in Bida, Nigeria. PhD dissertation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.Google Scholar
Jiman, C., Johar, F. B., & Zayyanu, M. (2016). Challenges impeding public participation for the development of urban communities in Nigeria. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(46), 15.Google Scholar
Kahrik, A., Temelova, J., Kadarik, K., & Kubes, J. (2015). What attracts people to inner city areas? The cases of two post-socialist cities in Estonia and the Czech Republic. Urban Studies, 53(2), 355372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koojo, C. (2005). Physical plan implementation in respect to urban wetland management. Makerere: Makerere University, Kenya.Google Scholar
Madobi, M. (2022). Dry season and incessant fire outbreaks. https://newsdiaryonline.com/dry-season-and-incessant-fire-outbreaks/Google Scholar
Marans, R. (2015). Quality of urban life and environmental sustainability studies: Future linkage opportunities. Habitat International, 45, 4752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mberu, B. U., Haregu, T. N., Kyobutungi, C., & Ezeh, A. C. (2017). Health and health-related indicators in slum, rural, and urban communities: A comparative analysis. Global Health Action, 9, 331363.Google Scholar
Mercer (2011). Mercer 2011 Quality of Living Survey highlights – Defining ‘quality of living’. www.mercer.com/articles/quality-of-living-definition-1436405Google Scholar
Mo Ibrahim Foundation (2022). Spotlight 20: Violence against women: The shadow pandemic for which there is no vaccine. https://mo.ibrahim.foundation/research-spotlight-20-covid-19-and-africas-governanceGoogle Scholar
Morrison, P. S., & Weckroth, M. (2018). Human values, subjective well-being and the metropolitan region. Regional Studies, 52, 325337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhammed, Z., & Abubakar, I. (2019). Improving the quality of life of urban communities in developing countries. In Responsible consumption and production: Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Murray, M. (2017). Timing the disorderly city: The spatial landscape of Johannesburg after apartheid. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Muthoni-Maina, M. (2020). Nairobi Integrated Urban Development Master Plan. Nairobi: IGLUS, AKU.Google Scholar
Ngau, P. (2013). A new approach to urban planning in Kenya. London: Africa Research Institute.Google Scholar
Nia, H. Atun, R., & Rahbarianyazd, R. (2017). Perception based method for measuring the aesthetic quality of the urban environment. Open House International, 42(2), 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nnodim, O. (2022). Housing deficit worsens amid Abuja, Lagos vacancy rates. https://punchng.com/author/onnodim/Google Scholar
OCHA (2022). Global Humanitarian Overview. The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. www.unocha.org/2022GHOGoogle Scholar
OECD (2021). OECD survey on water governance in African cities. Paris: OECD.Google Scholar
Ogbozor, E. (2016). Understanding the informal security sector in Nigeria. www.usip.org/publications/2016/09/understanding-informal-security-sector-nigeriaGoogle Scholar
Ola, A. B. (2020): Building a food-resilient city through urban agriculture: The case of Ilorin, Nigeria. Town and Regional Planning, 77, 89102.Google Scholar
Oyesiku, K. (1997). Modern urban and regional planning law and administration in Nigeria. Ibadan: Kraft Books.Google Scholar
Parker, S. (2015). Urban theory and the urban experience: Encountering the city. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peris-Ortiz, M., Ferreira, J. J., Farinha, L., & Fernandes, N. O. (2016). Introduction to multiple helix ecosystems for sustainable competitiveness. In Peris-Ortiz, M., Ferreira, J., Farinha, L., & Fernandes, N. (eds.), Multiple helix ecosystems for sustainable competitiveness: Innovation, technology, and knowledge management (pp. 113). Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pfeiffer, D., & Cloutier, S. (2016). Planning for happy neighborhoods. Journal of the American Planning Association, 82(3), 267279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pili, S., Grigoriadis, E., Carlucci, M. Clemente, M., & Salvati, L. (2017). Towards sustainable growth? A multi-criteria assessment of changing urban forms. Ecological Indicators, 76, 7180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raid, M. A. (2018). Laws and regulations governing the Egyptian urban areas and shortcomings. Journal of Environmental Science, 43(1), 105138.Google Scholar
Riham, M., Ali, B., & Yousry, A. (2017). New urban indicators for evaluating urban policies in Egypt: City capacity and capability. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 37, 5367.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. (2014). New geographies of theorizing the urban: Putting comparison to work for global urban studies. In Parnell, S. & Oldfield, S. (eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ronoh, G. (2020). Strategies for improving public participation for sustainable development in selected counties in Kenya. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 9, 3348.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, P., Livingston, M., Palisano, R. Galuppi, B., & Russell, D. (2007). Quality of life and health-related quality of life of adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(7), 516521.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saghir, J., & Santoro, J. (2018). Urbanization in sub-Saharan Africa. Centre for Strategic and International Studies. www.csis.org/analysis/urbanization-sub-saharan-africaGoogle Scholar
Schoenkopf, J. (2018). Imaginary Johannesburg. www.academia.edu/38460461/imaginary.johannesburg_7_.pdfGoogle Scholar
SDGC/ASDSN (2020). Africa SDG index and dashboards report 2020. Sustainable Development Goals Center for Africa and Sustainable Development Solutions Network.Google Scholar
Shawkat, Y., and & Hendawy, M. (2016). Myths and facts of urban planning in Egypt. www.academia.edu/38277483/Myths_and_Facts_of_Urban_Planning_in_Egypt_EnglishGoogle Scholar
Sheikh, A. and Razavian, M. (2013). Analysis moving towards sustainable development of a city with emphasis on the quality of urban life: The case of Noor. Environment and Urbanisation, 4, 3156.Google Scholar
Shingirirai, S., Rainer, Q., & Steckel, J. (2017). The G20’s role in improving quality of life through sustainable energy and urban infrastructure in Africa. G 20 Insights. www.G20-insights.orgGoogle Scholar
SSATP (Africa Transport Policy Program) (2021). African cities facing the urban mobility crisis: The challenge of national mobility policies in Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, Guinea, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda and Senegal. www.ssatp/Google Scholar
Statista (2021). Terrorism in Nigeria – Statistics & facts. www.statista.com/topics/7396/terrorism-in-nigeria/Google Scholar
Statista (2022). Malaysia unemployment rate September 2022. www.statista.com/statistics/319019/unemployment-rate-in-malaysia/Google Scholar
Stucki, M. (2015). Policies for sustainable accessibility and mobility in urban areas of Africa. SSATP Working Paper No. 106.Google Scholar
Totaforti, S. (2020). Urban planning in post-apartheid South African cities: The case of Johannesburg. Open Journal of Political Science, 10, 507520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
UN (2019). Sudan must hand over former president, other suspects. International Criminal Court prosecutor tells Security Council, urging justice for victims of violence. www.un.org/press/en/2019/sc13849.doc.htmGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD (2018). Economic development in Africa report. https://unctad.org/en/PublicationChapters/edar2018_ch1_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNDP (2022). Human Development Report 2021–22. United Nations Development Programme. https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2007). Global report on human settlements 2007 – Enhancing urban safety and security. United Nations Human Settlements Programme. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/Summary%20of%20the%20Global%20Report%20on%20Human%20Settlements%202007%20Enhancing%20urban%20safety%20and%20Security%20Volume%203.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN-Habitat (2009). Global Human Settlements Report. Planning Sustainable Cities. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2015). African Forum for Urban Safety launched. https://unhabitat.org/africa-forum-for-urban-safety-launched/Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2017). Sustainable cities: Key to implementing SDGs in Africa, LAC. www.unhabitat.orgGoogle Scholar
UN-Habitat (2019).Urban planning in Kenya: A survey of urban planning practices in the counties. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2020). COVID-19 in African cities: Impacts, responses and policies. Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme.Google Scholar
US Green Technology (2018). Is green tech bringing innovations to regular power sources? https://usgreentechnology.com/about-us-green-technology/Google Scholar
WCED (1987). Our common future. World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Weje, I., & Worahu, F. (2018). Quality of life and livability in selected neighborhoods in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(12), 385390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winkle, T. (2016). Safety benefits of automated vehicles. In Winner, M. (ed.), Autonomous driving (pp. 335364). Berlin: Springer.Google Scholar
WHO/UNICEF (2019). Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000–17. Special focus on inequalities. New York: World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund.Google Scholar
World Bank (2017). Environmental and social framework. international bank for reconstruction and development. World Bank. https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/837721522762050108-0290022018/original/ESFFramework.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Bank (2022). World development indicators. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Economic Forum (2022). Low water accessibility in sub-Saharan Africa means children are having to go to wells instead of to school. How big is the problem? www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/09/water-accessibility-divide-sub-saharan-africa-visualised/Google Scholar
Wurm, M., Weigand, M., Stark, T., Goebel, J., Wagner, G. G., & Taubenböck, H. (2019). Modelling the impact of the urban spatial structure on the choice of residential location using ‘big earth data’ and machine learning. Joint Urban Remote Sensing Conference, Vannes, France, 22–24 May, pp. 1–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zenker, S., & Rütter, N. (2014). Is satisfaction the key? The role of citizen satisfaction, place attachment and place brand attitude on positive citizenship behavior. Cities, 38, 1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zenker, S., Eggers, F., & Farsky, M. (2013). Putting a price tag on cities: Insights into the competitive environment of places. Cities, 30, 133139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zitti, M., Ferrara, C., Perini, L., Carlucci, M., & Salvati, L. (2015). Long-term urban growth and land use efficiency in Southern Europe: Implications for sustainable land management. Sustainability, 7, 33593385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Adebisi, F. I. (2019). Why I say ‘decolonisation is impossible’. https://folukeafrica.com/why-i-say-decolonisation-is-impossible/Google Scholar
Anderson, M. (2014). Nairobi’s female slum dwellers march for sanitation and land rights. The Guardian, 29 October 2014. www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/oct/29/nairobi-slum-dwellers-sanitation-land-rightsGoogle Scholar
Baxi, U. (2011) A philosophical reading of the RTTC. In Zérah, M. H., Dupont, V. & Lama-Rewal, S. T. (eds.), Urban policies and the right to the city in India: Rights, responsibilities and citizenship (pp. 1621). New Delhi: UNESCO.Google Scholar
Bellamy, R. (2008). Citizenship: A very short introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benard, H. R. (1995). Research methods in anthropology. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press.Google Scholar
Benit-Gbaffou, C., & Oldfield, S. (2014). Claiming ‘rights’ in the African city: Popular mobilization and the politics of informality. In Parnell, S. & Oldfield, S. (eds.), The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south (pp. 281296). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Benjamin, S. (2004). Urban land transformation for pro-poor economies. Geoforum, 35, 177187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhan, G. (2016). In the public’s interest: Evictions, citizenship, and inequality in contemporary Delhi. Athens, OH: University of Georgia Press.Google Scholar
Bhatia, G. (2021). Notes from a foreign field: The Kenyan Supreme Court on land, evictions, and horizontal rights. https://indconlawphil.wordpress.com/2021/07/16/notes-from-a-foreign-field-the-kenyan-supreme-court-on-land-evictions-and-horizontal-rights/Google Scholar
Blokland, T., Hentschel, C., Holm, A., Lebuhn, H., & Margalit, T. (2015). Urban citizenship and the right to the city: The fragmentation of claims. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(4), 655665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chipkin, I. (2003). ‘Functional’ and ‘dysfunctional’ communities: The making of national citizens. Journal of Southern African Studies, 29(1), 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chueca, E. G. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the right to the city: Post-pandemic perspectives to build back better and fairer cities and human settlements. Barcelona: Global Platform for the Right to the City.Google Scholar
Cresswell, T. (1996). In place, out of place: Geography, ideology, and transgression (New ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Dodman, D. (2016). An urban approach to ‘leaving no one behind’. www.iied.org/urban-approach-leaving-no-one-behindGoogle Scholar
Dodman, D. (2017). A special approach to slum upgrading: The special planning area in Mukuru, Nairobi. www.iied.org/special-approach-slum-upgrading-special-planning-area-mukuru-nairobiGoogle Scholar
Earle, L. (2012). From insurgent to transgressive citizenship: Housing, social movements and the politics of rights in Sao Paulo. Journal of Latin American Studies, 44(1), 97126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Earle, L. (2017). Transgressive citizenship and the struggles for social justice: The right to the city in Sao Paulo. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gillespie, T. (2015). Accumulation by urban dispossession: Struggles over urban space in Accra, Ghana. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 41(1), 6677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, D. (2003). The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(4), 939941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holston, J. (1999). Spaces of insurgent citizenship. In Holston, J. (ed.), Cities and citizenship (pp. 756). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Holston, J., & Appadurai, A. (1999). Cities and citizenship. In Holston, J. (ed.), Cities and citizenship (pp. 187204). Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Horn, P., Mitlin, D., Bennett, J., Chitekwe-Biti, B., & Makau, J. (2018). Towards citywide participatory planning: Emerging community-led practices in three African cities. Global Development Institute Working Paper Series, 2018-034. https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/GDI/GDI-working-paper-201834-Horn-Mitlin-etal.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, A. (1990). Rights and social movements: Counter-hegemonic strategies. Journal of Law and Society, 17(3), 309328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katumanga, M. (2005). A city under siege: Banditry & modes of accumulation in Nairobi, 1991–2004. Review of African Political Economy, 32(106), 505520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klopp, J. M. (2008). Remembering the destruction of Muoroto: Slum demolitions, land and democratisation in Kenya. African Studies, 67(3), 295314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lamba, A. (2005). Land tenure management systems in informal settlements: A case study in Nairobi. Master’s thesis, International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, H. (1996). Writings on cities. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, H. (2003). The urban revolution. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Lines, K., & Makau, J. (2017). Muungano Nguvu Yetu (unity is strength): 20 years of the Kenyan Federation of Slum Dwellers. IIED Working Paper. https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/10807IIED.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lund, C., & Rachman, N. F. (2016). Occupied! Property, citizenship and peasant movements in rural Java. Development and Change, 47(6), 3161337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, C. (2008). Local politics and the dynamics of property in Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, C. (2011). Property and citizenship: Conceptually connecting land rights and belonging in Africa. Africa Spectrum, 46(3), 7175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcuse, P. (2009). From critical urban theory to the right to the city. City, 13(2–3), 185197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marshall, T. H. (1950). Citizenship and social class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mitlin, D. (2015). Editorial: Will urban sanitation ‘leave no one behind’? Environment & Urbanization, 27(2), 365370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitlin, D. (2018). Beyond contention: Urban social movements and their multiple approaches to secure transformation. Environment & Urbanization, 30(2), 557574.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modiri, J. M. (2012). The colour of law, power and knowledge: Introducing critical race theory in (post-)apartheid South Africa. South African Journal on Human Rights, 28(3), 405436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modiri, J. M. (2015). Laws poverty. Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 18(2), 223273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Modiri, J. M. (2018). Conquest and constitutionalism: First thoughts on an alternate jurisprudence. South African Journal on Human Rights, 34, 300325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mutua, M. (2009). The transformation of Africa: A critique of the rights discourse. In Gomez Isa, F. & De Feyter, K. (eds.), From human rights and diversity: International human rights law in a global context (pp. 899924). Bilbao: University of Deusto.Google Scholar
Mutua, M. (2016). Is the age of human rights over? In McClennen, S. A. & Moore, S. (eds.), Routledge companion to literature and human rights (pp. 450458). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Muungano wa Wanavijiji (2012). Muungano: Land struggle and zero tolerance on eviction campaign. www.muungano.net/browseblogs/2012/09/20/muungano-land-struggle-and-zero-tolerance-on-eviction-campaignGoogle Scholar
Muungano wa Wanavijiji (2021). Stories of change: Mukuru water and sanitation pilot project update. www.muungano.net/browseblogs/2022/1/7/story-of-change-mukuru-water-and-sanitation-pilot-project-updateGoogle Scholar
Nairobi City County (NCC) (2014). The project on integrated urban development master plan for the City of Nairobi in the Republic of Kenya: Final report, Nairobi City County, pp. 646.Google Scholar
O’Connell, P. (2011). The death of socio-economic rights. Modern Law Review, 74(4), 532554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Omwoma, R. (2013). Land tenure systems in the slum settlements of Nairobi: Implications for slum upgrading. http://land.igad.int/index.php/documents-1/countries/uganda/gender-7/1239-finalworldbankpaperforpresentation/fileGoogle Scholar
Ouma, S. (2023). Participation as ‘city-making’: A critical assessment of participatory planning in the Mukuru Special Planning Area in Nairobi, Kenya. Environment & Urbanization, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/09562478231175031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purcell, M. (2002). Excavating Lefebvre: The right to the city and its urban politics of the inhabitant. GeoJournal, 58, 99108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodriguez-Torres, D. (2006). Public authorities and urban upgrading policies in Eastlands. In Charton-Bigot, H. & Rodriguez-Torress, D. (eds.), Nairobi today: The paradox of a fragmented city (pp. 6196). Nairobi: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
Ross, M. H. (1973). The political integration of urban squatters. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Scheingold, S. A. (1974). The politics of rights: Lawyers, public policy and political change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Silverman, D. (2014). Interpreting qualitative data. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Thaddaeus, E., Kyobutungi, C., Ng, N., Muindi, K., Oti, S., van de Vijver, S., Ettarh, R., & Rocklov, J. (2013). Community perceptions of air pollution and related health risks in Nairobi slums. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 48514868. 10.3390/ijerph10104851Google Scholar
The Star (2022). Government halts Mukuru evictions, orders resettlement. The Star, 14 January. www.the-star.co.ke/news/2022-01-14-government-halts-mukuru-evictions-orders-resettlement/Google Scholar
UC Berkeley, University of Nairobi, Muungano wa Wanavijiji, Slum Dwellers International, Akiba Mashinani Trust, Strathmore University, & Katiba Institute (2017). 2017 situational analysis: Mukuru Kwa Njenga, Kwa Reuben & Viwandani. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d4504db8a79b27eb388c91/t/5a65fbd653450a34f4104e69/1516633087045/Mukuru+SPA+Situational+Analysis+2017+Phase+2.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN-Habitat (2004). Urban land for all. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
United Nations General Assembly (2015). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development A/RES/70/1. www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdfGoogle Scholar
Weru, J., Wanyoike, W., & Di Giovannni, A. (2015). Confronting complexity: Using action research to build voice, accountability and justice in Nairobi’s Mukuru informal settlements. World Bank Legal Review, 6, 233255.Google Scholar

References

1to1, Agency of Engagement (2019). A reflective engagement: 2010–2018 (Edited by Bennett, J.). Johannesburg: 1to1 – Agency of Engagement. https://1to1.org.za/2019/02/01/a-reflective-engagement-2010-2018/Google Scholar
Agee, J. (2009). Developing qualitative research questions: A reflective process. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 22(4), 431447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2000). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. London: SAGE.Google Scholar
Amin, A., & Cirolia, L. R. (2018). Politics/matter: Governing Cape Town’s informal settlements. Urban Studies, 55(2), 274295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amin, A., & Thrift, N. J. (2016). Seeing like a city. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Arnstein, S. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, R. (2008). Between the community hall and the city hall: Five research questions on participation. Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa, 66(1), 168188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, R. (2012). Geographies of development: Without the poor. Progress in Human Geography, 36(5), 563572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, R. (2015). Geographies of development III: Militancy, insurgency, encroachment and development by the poor. Progress in Human Geography, 39(2), 214224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, J. (2017). Co-designing the driver’s seat: A call for an ‘open’ approach to drawing production in spatial design practice. In The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South (SOTL) conference proceedings (p. 121). Johannesburg, Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. www.sotlinthesouth.co.zaGoogle Scholar
Bhan, G. (2019). Notes on a southern urban practice. Environment and Urbanization, 31(2), 639654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botes, L., and Van Dingie, R. (2000). Community participation in development: Nine plagues and twelve commandments. Community Development Journal, 35(1), 4158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown-Luthango, M. (2013). Community–university engagement: The Philippi CityLab in Cape Town and the challenge of collaboration across boundaries. Higher Education, 65(3), 309324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, R. (2017). Can we know better? Reflections for development. The Schumacher Centre. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirolia, L. R., & Scheba, S. (2019). Towards a multi-scalar reading of informality in Delft, South Africa: Weaving the ‘everyday’ with wider structural tracings. Urban Studies, 56(3), 594611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cirolia, L. R., Görgens, T., Van Donk, M., Smit, W., & Drimie, S. (2017). Upgrading informal settlements in South Africa: An introduction. In Cirolia, L. Görgens, T., Van Donk, M., Smit, W. & Drimie, S. (eds.), Upgrading informal settlements in South Africa: A partnership-based approach. Cape Town: UCT Press.Google Scholar
Combrinck, C. (2015). A model to address marginality of the architectural profession in the South African discourse on informal settlement upgrade. University of Pretoria. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50863.Google Scholar
Connell, R. (2014). Using southern theory: Decolonizing social thought in theory, research and application. Planning Theory, 13(2), 210223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, B., & Kothari, U. (eds.) (2001). Participation: The new tyranny? London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
De Souza, M. L. (2011). The words and the things. City, 15(1), 7377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, J., Hulme, D., & Turner, M. M. (1991). Sociology and development: Theories, policies and practices. Contemporary Sociology, 20(6), 875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichler, E. P., & Kaplan, M. (1970). The community builders. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Everatt, D. (2018). Poverty and inequality in the Gauteng city-region: Changing space, changing city. Edited by Harrison, P. et al. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.Google Scholar
Fainstein, S. (1997). Justice, politics, and the creation of urban space. In Merrifield, A. & Swyngedouw, E. (eds.), The urbanization of injustice (pp. 1844). Washington Square: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Fieuw, W. (2014). Deep rooted knowledge? Assessing the lack of community participation in UISP projects ineffective housing programme. Perspectives from Civil Society on Local Governance in South Africa, 59, 5973.Google Scholar
Fox, N. J. (2003). Practice-based evidence: Towards collaborative and transgressive research. Sociology, 37(1), 81102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaigher, M. (1992). Care groups in Venda: Primary health care knowledge as a The, strategy for community development. PhD dissertation. University of the Free State, Bloemfontein.Google Scholar
Gaventa, J., & Tandon, R. (2010). Citizen engagement in a globalizing world: Introduction. In Gaventa, J. & Tandon, R. (eds.), Globalizing citizens: New dynamics of inclusion and exclusion (pp. 330). London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GDI (Global Development Institute) (2018). Scaling up participation in urban planning: How community involvement in urban development can help achieve inclusive cities. www.gdi.manchester.ac.uk/research/groups/global-urban-futures/scaling-up-participation-in-urban-planning/Google Scholar
Gorgens, T. (2017). Facilitating state–community interfaces. In Cirolia, L., Görgens, T., van Donk, M., Smit, W. & Drimie, S. (eds.), Upgrading informal settlements in South Africa: A partnership-based approach (pp. 278304). Cape Town: UCT Press.Google Scholar
Gotz, G., Mubiwa, B., & Wray, C. (2014). Spatial change in Johannesburg and the Gauteng city-region. In Harrison, P. Gotz, G., Todes, A. & Wray, C. (eds.), Changing space, changing city: Johannesburg after apartheid (pp. 269292). Johannesburg: Wits University Press.Google Scholar
Guijt, I. M., & Shah, M. K. (eds.) (1999). The myth of community: Gender issues in participatory development.New Delhi: Vistaar Publications.Google Scholar
Hamdi, N. (2010). The placemakers’ guide to building community: Planning, design and placemaking in practice. London: Earthscan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamdi, N. (2013). Small change: About the art of practice and the limits of planning in cities. London: Earthscan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamdi, N. (2014). Nabeel Hamdi – Participation in practice. www.youtube.com/watch?v=7r9IYl4CtKIGoogle Scholar
Hamdi, N., & Goethert, R. (1997). Action planning for cities: A guide to community practice. Chichester: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Harrison, P., Gotz, G., Todes, A., & Wray, C.(eds.) (2014). Changing space, changing city: Johannesburg after apartheid. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, D. (2003). The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 27(4), 939941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horn, P., Mitlin, D., Bennett, J., Chitekwe-Biti, B., & Makau, J.(2018). Towards citywide participatory planning: Emerging community-led practices in three African cities. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3225770CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huchzermeyer, M. (2009). The struggle for in situ upgrading of informal settlements: A reflection on cases in Gauteng. Development Southern Africa, 26(1), 5973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huchzermeyer, M. (2010). Pounding at the tip of the Iceberg: The dominant politics of informal settlement eradication in South Africa. Politikon, 37(1), 129148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huchzermeyer, M. (2011). Cities with ‘slums’: From informal settlement eradication to a right to the city in Africa. Claremont, South Africa: UCT Press.Google Scholar
Huchzermeyer, M. (2016). Informal settlements at the intersection between urban planning and rights: Advances through judicialisation in the South African case. In Deboulet, A. (ed.), Rethinking precarious neighborhoods (pp. 195210). Paris: Agence Française de Développement.Google Scholar
Isandla Institute (2011). The right to the city in a South African context. Isandla Institute. www.isandla.org.za/en/projects/urban-land/item/download/21_b63dbb74546c4a8e69dbc9f360bd0ba7Google Scholar
Isandla Institute & Görgens, T. (2013). Planning for informality: Exploring the potential of collaborative planning forums – a propositional framework. Cape Town: Isandla Institute.Google Scholar
Botes, L. J. S. (1999). Community participation in the upgrading of informal settlements: Theoretical and practical guidelines. PhD dissertation, University of the Free State.Google Scholar
Kaza, N. (2006). Tyranny of the median and costly consent: A reflection on the justification for participatory urban planning processes. Planning Theory, 5(3), 255270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klug, N., & Vawda, S. (2009). Upgrading of informal settlements: An assessment with reference to the application of ‘breaking new ground’ in Cape Town and Johannesburg. Town and Regional Planning, 54(54), 3749.Google Scholar
Lévy, K. (2014). Small atlas of Johannesburg: A graphical and critical analysis of urban trends and issues. Johannesburg: Africae, Agence française de développement.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luna, F. P., & Bunge, M. (2000). Social science under debate: A philosophical perspective. Reis, 91, 191196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manià, K., Van Rensburg, A. J., & Bird, R. (2017). Writing into design: An embedded writing course for architectural studies. South African Journal of Higher Education, 31(5), 172188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manjeya, E., Chirisa, I., & Chavunduka, C. M. (2020). Spatial justice and the design of future cities in the developing world. In The Palgrave encyclopedia of urban and regional futures (pp. 111). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Matlala, B., & Bénit-Gbaffou, C. (2012). Against ourselves – Local activists and the management of contradicting political loyalties: The case of Phiri, Johannesburg. Geoforum, 43(2), 207218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsipa, M. (2014). Urban renewal in Johannesburg. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Mbembe, A. (2021). The politics of the future. In Mbembe, A. (ed.), Out of the dark night: Essays on decolonization. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
McCann, E., Roy, A., & Ward, K. (2013). Urban pulse-assembling/worlding cities. Urban Geography, 34(5), 581589.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miraftab, F. (2003). The perils of participatory discourse: Housing policy in postapartheid South Africa. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 22(3), 226239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miraftab, F. (2009). Insurgent planning: Situating radical planning in the global south. Planning Theory, 8(1), 3250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitlin, D. (2008). With and beyond the state – Co-production as a route to political influence, power and transformation for grassroots organizations. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 339360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mumford, E. (1996). An ethical approach: Socio-technical design. In Systems design ethical tools for ethical change (pp. 6478). London: Macmillan Education UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, M. J. (2011). City of extremes: The spatial politics of Johannesburg. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Ntsime, P. T. (2004). Deconstructing sustainable development: Towards a participatory methodology for natural resource management. Development Southern Africa, 21(4), 707718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NUSP (National Upgrade Support Programme) (2013a). Upgrading informal settlements policy (UISP). Chapter 3: South African housing code. Pretoria: South African National Government.Google Scholar
NUSP (National Upgrade Support Programme) (2013b). Sustainable housing policy & practice. Pretoria: South African Department of Human Settlements. http://upgradingsupport.org/uploads/files/sustainable_housing_policy_and_practice.pdf.Google Scholar
Oldfield, S. (2008). Who’s serving whom? Partners, process, and products in service-learning projects in South African Urban Geography. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 32(2), 269285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parnell, S., & Oldfield, S. (2014). The Routledge handbook on cities of the global south. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parnell, S. S., & Pieterse, E. A. (2014). Africa’s urban revolution, African Centre for Cities (ACC). Cape Town: UCT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petti, A., Hilal, S., & Weizman, E. (2013). Architecture after revolution. Berlin: Sternberg Press.Google Scholar
Pieterse, E. (2009). Exploratory notes on African urbanism. Paper presented at Third European Conference on African Studies. Leipzig. www.aegis-eu.org/archive/ecas2009/files/conference_book_ecas_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pieterse, E., & Van Donk, M. (2014). Citizenship, deign activism and institutionalising informal settlement upgrading. In From housing to human settlements: Evolving perspectives (pp. 153172). Johannesburg: South African Cities Network.Google Scholar
Pithouse, R. (2009). A progressive policy without progressive politics: Lessons from the failure to implement ‘breaking new ground’. Town Planning Journal, 54(54), 114.Google Scholar
Pithouse, R. (2014). An urban commons? Notes from South Africa. Community Development Journal, 49(SUPPL.1), 3143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PlanAct (2017). PlanAct annual report: April 2017–March 2018. https://planact.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PLANACT-AR-17_18-002...pdfGoogle Scholar
Rankin, K. N. (2010). Reflexivity and post-colonial critique: Toward an ethics of accountability in planning praxis. Planning Theory, 9(3), 181199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Revi, A., Satterthwaite, D., Aragón-Durand, F., Corfee-Morlot, J., Kiunsi, R. B., Pelling, M., ... & Sverdlik, A. (2014). Towards transformative adaptation in cities: The IPCC’s Fifth Assessment. Environment and Urbanization, 26(1), 1128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rietbergen-McCracken, J., & Naraya, D. (1998). Participation and Social assessment: tools and technique. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
Rigon, A., & Broto, V. C. (2021). Inclusive urban development in the global south. Edited by Rigon, A. & Broto, V. C.. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, A. Urban informality: Toward an epistemology of planning’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 71(2), 147158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SACN (2014). From housing to human settlements – Evolving perspectives. Johannesburg, South Africa. http://sacitiesnetwork.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/From_Housing_to_Human_Settlements_Timeline-2.pdfGoogle Scholar
SACN (2016). State of South African cities report, ’16. Edited by Davidson, K. & Karuri-Sebina, G.. Johannesburg, South Africa: e South African Cities Network. www.sacities.net/the-state-of-south-african-cities-report-2016Google Scholar
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Simone, A. M. (2016). City of potentialities: An introduction. Theory, Culture and Society, 33(7–8), 529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, A. (2018). The promise of infrastructure. Edited by Anand, N., Gupta, A., & Appel, H.. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Tissington, K. (2012a). Informal settlement upgrading in South Africa: Linkages to livelihood creation, informal sector development and economic opportunity generation., Working Paper No. 2. Socio-Economic Rights Institute of South Africa.Google Scholar
Tissington, K. (2012b). Towards greater community participation in informal settlement upgrading: A case study from Slovo Park, Johannesburg. A in South Africa. 50–61. www.ggln.org.za/media/k2/attachments/SoLG.2012-SERI.pdfGoogle Scholar
Turner, J. F. C., & Ward, C. (1991). Housing by people: Towards autonomy in building environments. Reprint. London: Boyars (Ideas in Progress).Google Scholar
Tuurnas, S. (2016). Looking beyond the simplistic ideals of participatory projects: Fostering effective co-production? International Journal of Public Administration, 39(13), 10771087.Google Scholar
United Nations (2019). Goal 11: Targets and indicators. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg11Google Scholar
UN-Habitat (2016). World cities report 2016 – Urbanization and development: Emerging futures. Nairobi: UN-Habitat.Google Scholar
Valencia, S. C., Simon, D., Croese, S., Nordqvist, J., Oloko, M., Sharma, T., ... & Versace, I. (2019). Adapting the Sustainable Development Goals and the New Urban Agenda to the city level: Initial reflections from a comparative research project. International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 11(1), 423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Der Walt, S., & De Treveau, C. (2022). Neighbourhood well-being: Rethinking the community centre. Spatial Determinants of Wellbeing Paper Series, 1(1). doi: 978-0-6397-1336-6.Google Scholar
Van Donk, M., & Gorgens, T. (2012). Exploring the potential of the ‘Right to the City’ to integrate the vision and practice of civil society in the struggle for the socio-spatial transformation of South African cities. Paper presented at Strategies to Overcome Poverty and Inequality. Carnegie III, 3–7 September.Google Scholar
Winkler, T. (2013). At the coalface: Community–university engagements and planning education. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 33(2), 215227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winschiers-Theophilus, H., Chivuno-Kuria, S., Kapuire, G. K., Bidwell, N. J., & Blake, E. (2010). Being participated - A community approach. In Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Participatory Design Conference. (pp. 110). Sydney: ACM Press.Google Scholar
Yiftachel, O. (2015). Epilogue – From ‘gray space’ to equal ‘Metrozeneship’? Reflections on urban citizenship. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(4), 726737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yiftachel, O., & Huxley, M. (2000). On space, planning and communication: A brief rejoinder. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(4), 922924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, I. M., & Allen, D. S. (2011). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zondo, N., & Royston, L. (2016). Upgrading informal settlements: The importance of the Slovo Park judgment. Daily Maverick. www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-04-11-upgrading-informal-settlements-the-importance-of-the-slovo-park-judgment/#.VyGvsmBf3IUGoogle Scholar

References

Alyavina, E., Nikitas, A., & Njoya, E. T. (2020). Mobility as a service and sustainable travel behaviour: A thematic analysis study. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 73, 362381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bashingi, N., Mostafa, M., & Das, D. (2020a). The state of congestion in the developing world: The case of Gaborone, Botswana. Transportation Research Procedia, 45, 434442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bashingi, N., Mostafa, M., & Das, D. (2020b). Information communication technologies for travel in Southern African cities. In Mohammad, L. & Abd El-Hakim, R. (eds.), Sustainable issues in transportation engineering: GeoMEast 2019. Sustainable civil infrastructures. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Bencardino, M., & Greco, I. (2014). Smart communities: Social innovation at the service of the smart cities. TeMA Journal of Land Use Mobility and Environment, special issue, 39–51. https://doaj.org/article/b085d3cb7ae7495b9120276078be35e1Google Scholar
Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’Auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in Smart City: Action taxonomy, ICT intensity and public benefits. Empower. Organ. Enabling Platforms Artefacts, 13–28. https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2142/2015.03.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berawi, M. A. (2020). Managing nature 5.0: The role of digital technologies in the circular economy. International Journal of Technology, 11(4), 652655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berawi, M. A., Suwartha, N., Asvial, M., Harwahyu, R., Suryanegara, M., Setiawan, E. A., Surjandari, I., Zagloel, T. Y. M., & Maknun, I. J. (2020). Digital innovation: Creating competitive advantages. International Journal of Technology, 11(6), 10761080.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chehri, A., & Mouftah, H. T. (2019). Autonomous vehicles in the sustainable cities, the beginning of a green adventure. Sustainable Cities and Society, 51, 101751.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cledou, G., Estevez, E., & Barbosa, L. S. (2018). A taxonomy for planning and designing smart mobility services. Government Information Quarterly, 35, 6176CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dameri, R. P., (2017). ICT intensity in smart mobility initiatives, smart city implementation. Progress in IS. Cham: Springer.Google Scholar
Das, D. (2019). Non-motorized transportation for revitalizing the city centers of South Africa, 38th Southern African Transport Conference 2019 (SATC 2019), Pretoria.Google Scholar
Das, D. (2020). Perspectives of smart cities in South Africa through applied systems analysis approach: A case of Bloemfontein. Construction Economics and Building, 20(2), 6588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Das, D., & Emuze, F. (2014). Smart city perspectives of Bloemfontein, South Africa. Journal of Construction Project Management and Innovation, 4(2), 930950.Google Scholar
DCoG (Department of Cooperative Governance) (2021). A South African smart cities framework – A decision-making framework to guide the development of smart cities in South Africa, Department of Cooperative Governance (DCoG) in collaboration with the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), 1–37.Google Scholar
Emuze, F., & Das, D. (2015). Regenerative ideas for urban roads in South Africa. Municipal Engineer, 168(4), 209219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eric, A., Fidelis, E., & Das, D. (2022). Indicators for safety culture in SME construction firms: A Delphi Study in Ghana. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMPC-04-2022-0020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamboa-Rosales, N. K., Celaya-Padilla, J. M., Hernandez-Gutierrez, A. L., Moreno-Baez, A., Galván-Tejada, C. E., Galván-Tejada, J. I., González-Fernández, E., Gamboa-Rosales, H., & López-Robles, J. (2020). Visualizing the intellectual structure and evolution of intelligent transportation systems: A systematic analysis of research themes and trends. Sustainability, 12(21), 8759, 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garus, A., Alonso, B., Raposo, M. A., Ciuffo, B., & Dell’olio, L. (2022). Impact of new mobility solutions on travel behaviour and its incorporation into travel demand models. Journal of Advanced Transportation. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7293909CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giffinger, R., Fertne, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., & Meijers, E. (2007). Smart cities – Ranking of European medium-sized cities. Centre of Regional Science. Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, Final Project Report, 125.