In Russia the tradition of teaching political science at institutions of higher education began in the XVIII century. The Department of Policy was established in the structure of Moscow University in 1755 at the suggestion of M.V. Lomonosov. The Faculty of Moral and Political Sciences as part of the University of Moscow produced specialists in the field of politics and political economy from 1804 to 1835. In St. Petersburg State University special political science subjects were not given in the XVIII century, but there were courses on “Natural Rights and Practical or Moral Philosophy.” Start of Political Science in this educational centre was laid by the rector of St. Petersburg State University M.A. Balug‘iansky (1819‒1821). There were the faculties and departments in other Russian universities, in Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, in St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute, where political science was given; master's theses in political science were defended. The infamous “case of the professors of the St. Petersburg State University” (1821), when the master teachers’ staff faced persecution for “freethinking” and attempt to present that the power is not from God, but the result of an agreement between people, was initiated by reactionary forces to destroy the very foundation of the teaching of political science without ideological background on an objective scientific basis.