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Section 5 - Medical and Surgical Emergencies During Pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2021

Edwin Chandraharan
Affiliation:
St George's University of London
Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran
Affiliation:
St George's University of London
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Obstetric and Intrapartum Emergencies
A Practical Guide to Management
, pp. 159 - 230
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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References

References

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Shotan, MDA, Ostrzega, MDE, Mehra, MDA, et al. 1997. Incidence of arrhythmias in normal pregnancy and relation to palpitations, dizziness, and syncope. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1061–4.
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Further Reading

Fabre, E. Use of drugs in pulmonary medicine in pregnant women. Clin Pulmon Med. 2002;9(1):2032.
Goodnight, WH, Soper, DE. Pneumonia in pregnancy. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(10 Suppl):S390–7.
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Hegewald, M, Crapo, R. Respiratory physiology in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med. March 2011;32(1).
Hunt, BJ, Parmar, K, Horspool, K, Shephard, N Nelson-Piercy, C, Goodacre, S. The DiPEP (Diagnosis of PE in Pregnancy) biomarker study: an observational cohort study augmented with additional cases to determine the diagnostic utility of biomarkers for suspected venous thromboembolism during pregnancy and puerperium. Br J Haematol. 2018;180(5):694704. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15102.
Mehta, N, Chen, K, Hardy, E, Powrie, R. Respiratory disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(5).
Murdock, M. Asthma in pregnancy. J Perinatal Neonatal Nurs. 2002;15(4):2736.
Nelson-Piercy, C. Handbook of Obstetric Medicine, 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2015.
NICE. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (CKS). Breathlessness, 2017.
Quigley, J, Keating, A, Byrd, L. Fatigue and breathlessness in pregnancy: a rare and sinister cause. BMJ Case Rep. 2014. DOI:10.1136/bcr-2014-205441.
Shehata, H, Nelson-Piercy, C. Medical diseases complicating pregnancy, including thromboembolism. Anaesth Intensive Care Med. 2001;2(6): 225–32.
Susanthi, I. Respiratory complications in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Surv. 2002;57(1):3946.

References

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for Diagnostic Imaging during Pregnancy. ACOG Committee Opinion 158. Washington, DC: ACOG, 1995.
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Kennedy, A. Assessment of acute abdominal pain in the pregnant patient. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2000;21:6477.
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Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving mothers’ lives: reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer: 2006–2008. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;118(Suppl. 1):1208.
Chandraharan, E, Arulkumaran, S. Acute abdomen and abdominal pain in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2008;18(8):205–12.
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Chandraharan, E, Arulkumaran, S. Painful uterine contractions. In Arulkumaran, S (ed.), Emergencies in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006, 823.
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Pearl, JP, Price, RR, Tonkin, AE, Richardson, WS, Stefanidis, D. Guidelines for the Use of Laparoscopy During Pregnancy. Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). May 2017.

References

Wang, C, Li, AL, Pang, Y, Lei, YQ, Yu, L. Changes in intraocular pressure and central corneal thickness during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ophthalmol. 2017;10(10):1573–9.
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Landau, D, Seelenfreund, MH, Tadmor, O, Silverstone, BZ, Diamant, Y. The effect of normal childbirth on eyes with abnormalities predisposing to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1995;233(9):598600.
Pizzarello, LD. Refractive changes in pregnancy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003;241(6):484–8.
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Chandraharan, E, Arulkumaran, S. Pituitary and adrenal disorders in pregnancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;15:101–6.
Naderan, M. Ocular changes during pregnancy. J Curr Ophthalmol. 2018;30(3):202–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2017.11.012.
Mackensen, F, Paulus, WE, Max, R, Ness, T. Ocular changes during pregnancy. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014;111(33–34):567–76. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2014.0567.
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References

Glick, RL, Berlin, JS, Fishkind, AB, Zeller, SL. Emergency Psychiatry. Principles and Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.
Puri, BK, Treasaden, IH. Emergencies in Psychiatry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
NICE. Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health. NICE Clinical Guideline 45. London: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, 2007.
Kent, A. Psychiatric disorders in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2009;19:3741.
Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving Mothers’ Lives: Reviewing Maternal Deaths to Make Motherhood Safer – 2006–2008. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;118(Suppl. 1):1208.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Use of psychiatric medications during pregnancy and lactation. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 92. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;111:1001–20.
Knight, M, Bunch, K, Tuffnell, D, et al. (eds.) on behalf of MBRRACE-UK. Saving Lives, Improving Mothers’ Care: Lessons Learned to Inform Maternity Care from the UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths and Morbidity 2014–16. Oxford: National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, 2018.
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References

McClure, CK, Patrick, TE, Katz, KD, Kelsey, SF, Weiss, HB. Birth outcomes following self-inflicted poisoning during pregnancy, California, 2000 to 2004. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011;40(3):292301.
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Further Reading

Haas, DM, Lehmann, AS, Skaar, T, et al. The impact of drug metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms on outcomes after antenatal corticosteroid use. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(5):447.e417–447.e424.
Haas, DM, Quinney, SK, Clay, JM, et al. Nifedipine pharmacokinetics are influenced by CYP3A5 genotype when used as a preterm labor tocolytic. Am J Perinatol. 2013;30(4):275–81.
Madadi, P, Avard, D, Koren, G. Pharmacogenetics of opioids for the treatment of acute maternal pain during pregnancy and lactation. Curr Drug Metab. 2012;13(6):721–7.
Madadi, P, Ross, CJ, Hayden, MR, et al. Pharmacogenetics of neonatal opioid toxicity following maternal use of codeine during breastfeeding: a case-control study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009;85(1):31–5.
US FDA Public Health Advisory. Use of Codeine by Some Breastfeeding Mothers May Lead to Life-Threatening Side Effects in Nursing Babies. 2007. www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/PublicHealthAdvisories/ucm054717.htm

References

Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group. The Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults. Sept. 2013. www.diabetologistsabcd.org.uk/JBDS/JBDS_IP_DKA_Adults_Revised.pdf
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Rougerie, M, Czuzoj-Shulman, N, Abenhaim, HA. Diabetic ketoacidosis among pregnant and non-pregnant women: a comparison of morbidity and mortality. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(16):2649–52. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1443071.
Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE). Saving Mothers’ Lives: Reviewing Maternal Deaths to Make Motherhood Safer: 2006–08. The Eighth Report on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. BJOG. 2011;118(Suppl. 1):1203.
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Further Reading

Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. Management of DKA, 2410, 13.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Prevention of VTE in Pregnancy. Green-top Guideline 37a. London: RCOG.

References

Stokes, T, Shaw, EJ, Juarez-Garcia, A, CamossoStefinovic, J, Baker, R. Clinical Guidelines and Evidence Review for the Epilepsies: Diagnosis and Management in Adults and Children in Primary and Secondary Care. London: Royal College of General Practitioners/NICE, 2004. www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/live/10954/29533/29533.pdf
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Further Reading

González-González, JG, Borjas-Almaguer, OD, Salcido-Montenegro, A, et al. Sheehan’s syndrome revisited: underlying autoimmunity or hypoperfusion? Int J Endocrinol. 2018, Article ID 8415860; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8415860
Khoo, CM, Lee, KO. Endocrine emergencies in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2013;27(6):885–91.
Molitch, ME. Endocrine emergencies in pregnancy. Baillières Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;6(1):167–91.
Momotani, N, Nob, J, Oyanagi, H, et al. Antithyroid drug therapy for Graves’ disease during pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1986;315:24–8.
Singh, A, Singh, S. Other endocrine emergencies in pregnancy. In Gandhi, A, Malhotra, N, Malhotra, J, Gupta, N, Bora, N (eds), Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics, 127–35. New Delhi: Springer; 2016.

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