Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Foreword
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 November 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- Editor's Preface
- Part 1 The mechanism of human facial expression or an electrophysiological analysis of the expression of the emotions
- Preface
- A Introduction
- B Scientific section
- Foreword
- Chapter 5 Anatomical preparations, and portraits of the subjects who underwent electrophysiological experiments
- Chapter 6 The muscle of attention (m. frontalis)
- Chapter 7 The muscle of reflection (superior part of m. orbicularis oculi, that part of the muscle called the sphincter of the eyelids)
- Chapter 8 The muscle of aggression (m. procerus)
- Chapter 9 The muscle of pain (m. corrugator supercilii)
- Chapter 10 The muscles of joy and benevolence (m. zygomaticus major and the inferior part of m. orbicularis oculi)
- Chapter 11 The muscle of lasciviousness (transverse part of m. nasalis)
- Chapter 12 The muscle of sadness (m. depressor anguli oris)
- Chapter 13 The muscles of weeping and whimpering (m. zygomaticus minor and m. levator labii superioris)
- Chapter 14 The muscles complementary to surprise (muscles that lower the mandible)
- Chapter 15 The muscle of fright, of terror (m. platysma)
- Chapter 16 A critical study of several antiquities from the point of view of m. corrugator supercilii and m. frontalis
- C Aesthetic section
- Part 2 Commentary chapters
- Index
Summary
The facts brought to light by my electrophysiological research on the mechanism of human facial expression are of considerable importance; they are, in general, so unexpected or in opposition to certain prejudices and to general opinion that experimental demonstration is the only way to make them acceptable to science.
Photography, as true as a mirror, can illustrate my electrophysiological experiments and help to judge the value of the deductions that I have made from them.
From 1852, convinced of the impossibility of popularizing or even of publishing this research without the aid of photography, I approached some talented and artistic photographers. These first trials were not, and could not be, successful. In photography, as in painting or sculpture, you can only transmit well what you perceive well. Art does not rely only on technical skills. For my research, it was necessary to know how to put each expressive line into relief by a skillful play of light. This skill was beyond the most dextrous artist; he did not understand the physiological facts I was trying to demonstrate.
Thus I needed to initiate myself into the art of photography.
I photographed most of the 73 plates that make up the Scientific Section of this Album myself, or presided over their execution, and so that none shall doubt the facts presented here, I have made sure that not one of the photographs has been retouched.
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- Chapter
- Information
- The Mechanism of Human Facial Expression , pp. 39 - 41Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1990