Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-fmk2r Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-10-07T06:25:47.765Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2022

Kathy Dodworth
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Legitimation as Political Practice
Crafting Everyday Authority in Tanzania
, pp. 218 - 247
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrahamsen, Rita. 2000. Disciplining Democracy: Development Discourse and Good Governance in Africa. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Abrahamsen, Rita. 2017. ‘Africa and International Relations: Assembling Africa, Studying the World’. African Affairs 116 (462): 125–39.Google Scholar
Abrahamsen, Rita, and Michael C., Williams. 2009. ‘Security beyond the State: Global Security Assemblages in International Politics’. International Political Sociology 3 (1): 117.Google Scholar
Adams, Matthew. 2006. ‘Hybridizing Habitus and Reflexivity: Towards an Understanding of Contemporary Identity?Sociology 40 (3): 511–28.Google Scholar
Adkins, Lisa. 2003. ‘Reflexivity: Freedom or Habit of Gender?Theory, Culture & Society 20 (6): 2142.Google Scholar
Adler, Emanuel. 2013. ‘Constructivism in International Relations: Sources, Contributions, and Debates’. In Handbook of International Relations, edited by Carlsnaes, Walter, 112–44. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Adler, Emanuel, and Pouliot, Vincent. 2011. ‘International Practices’. International Theory 3 (1): 136.Google Scholar
Afrobarometer. 2012. ‘Round 5 Survey in Tanzania’. www.afrobarometer.org/files/documents/summary_results/tan_r5_sor.pdf.Google Scholar
Agarwal, Arun. 1996. ‘Poststructuralist Approaches to Development: Some Critical Reflections’. Peace & Change 21 (4): 464–77.Google Scholar
Agné, Hans. 2018. ‘Legitimacy in Global Governance Research: How Normative or Sociological Should It Be?’ In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart, 2034. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agnew, John. 1994. ‘The Territorial Trap: The Geographical Assumptions of International Relations Theory’. Review of International Political Economy 1 (1): 5380.Google Scholar
Agnew, John. 2005. ‘Sovereignty Regimes: Territoriality and State Authority in Contemporary World Politics (English)’. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95 (2): 437–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahluwalia, Pal. 2001. Politics and Post-colonial Theory: African Inflections. London: Taylor & Francis Group.Google Scholar
Ahluwalia, Pal. 2010. Out of Africa: Post-structuralism’s Colonial Roots. Florence: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Akintola, Olagoke. 2008. ‘Unpaid HIV/AIDS Care in Southern Africa: Forms, Context, and Implications’. Feminist Economics 14 (4): 117–47.Google Scholar
Akintola, Olagoke. 2011. ‘What Motivates People to Volunteer? The Case of Volunteer AIDS Caregivers in Faith-based Organizations in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa’. Health Policy and Planning 26 (1): 5362.Google Scholar
Akram, Sadiya, and Hogan, Anthony. 2015. ‘On Reflexivity and the Conduct of the Self in Everyday Life: Reflections on Bourdieu and Archer’. The British Journal of Sociology 66 (4): 606–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexander, Jennifer, Brudney, Jeffrey L. and Yang, Kaifeng. 2010. ‘Introduction to the Symposium: Accountability and Performance Measurement – The Evolving Role of Nonprofits in the Hollow State’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 39 (4): 565–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, John. 2003. Lost Geographies of Power. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Allen, John. 2016. Topologies of Power: Beyond Territory and Networks. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Almeida, Debora Rezende. 2018. ‘The Constructivist Turn in Political Representation and Its Challenges to Democratic Legitimacy: Lessons from Participatory Institutions in Brazil’. Representation 55 (3): 339–56.Google Scholar
Aminzade, Ronald. 2013. Race, Nation, and Citizenship in Postcolonial Africa: The Case of Tanzania. New York; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Andrews, Nathan. 2019. ‘Gold Mining and CSR: Responsibility to Whom and for What’. In Gold Mining and the Discourses of Corporate Social Responsibility in Ghana, edited by Andrews, Nathan, 133. Cham: Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Anonymous. 2018. ‘Tanzania: Everyone Is Scared’. African Arguments (blog). https://africanarguments.org/2018/03/tanzania-everyone-is-scared/.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 1991. ‘Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology’. In Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, by Arjun, Appadurai, 4865. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Archer, Margaret S. 1995. Realist Social Theory: The Morphogenetic Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Archer, Margaret S. 2012. The Reflexive Imperative in Late Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Arens, W. 1975. ‘The “Waswahili”: The Social History of an Ethnic Group’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 45 (4): 426–38.Google Scholar
Ashley, Richard K. 1988. ‘Untying the Sovereign State: A Double Reading of the Anarchy Problematique’. Millennium – Journal of International Studies 17 (2): 227–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Askew, Kelly M. 2006. ‘Sung and Unsung: Musical Reflections on Tanzanian Postsocialisms’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 76 (1): 1543.Google Scholar
Atack, Iain. 1999. ‘Four Criteria of Development NGO Legitimacy’. World Development 27 (5): 855–64.Google Scholar
Avant, Deborah D., Finnemore, Martha and Sell, Susan K.. 2010. Who Governs the Globe? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bäckstrand, Karin, and Söderbaum, Fredrik. 2018. ‘Legitimation and Delegitimation in Global Governance: Discursive, Institutional and Behavioral Practices’. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart, 101–17. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bagamoyo District Council. 2011. ‘Bagamoyo District Profile’. Bagamoyo District Council.Google Scholar
Barker, Ernest. 1951. Essays on Government, 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Barker, Rodney. 2001. Legitimating Identities: The Self-presentations of Rulers and Subjects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bayart, Jean-François. 2000. ‘Africa in the World: A History of Extraversion’. African Affairs 99 (395): 217–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bayart, Jean-François. 2009. The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly, 2nd edition. Cambridge; Malden: Polity.Google Scholar
Bayat, Asef. 1997. ‘Un-civil Society: The Politics of the “Informal People”’. Third World Quarterly 18 (1): 5372.Google Scholar
BBC News. 2020. ‘Jacob Rees-Mogg Accuses Unicef of ‘playing Politics’ over UK Food Campaign’. BBC News, December 17, sec. UK. www.bbc.com/news/uk-55354958.Google Scholar
Bebbington, Anthony. 2004. ‘NGOs and Uneven Development: Geographies of Development Intervention’. Progress in Human Geography 28 (6): 725–45.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2008. Becoming Muslim in Mainland Tanzania, 1890–2000..A British Academy Postdoctoral Fellowship Monograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy.Google Scholar
Becker, Felicitas. 2013. ‘Remembering Nyerere: Political Rhetoric and Dissent in Contemporary Tanzania’. African Affairs 112 (447): 238–61.Google Scholar
Beetham, David. 1991. The Legitimation of Power. Basingstoke: Macmillan Education.Google Scholar
Benner, Thorsten, Reinicke, Wolfgang H. and Witte, Jan Martin. 2004. ‘Multisectoral Networks in Global Governance: Towards a Pluralistic System of Accountability’. Government and Opposition 39 (2): 191210.Google Scholar
Bernstein, Steven. 2011. ‘Legitimacy in Intergovernmental and Non-state Global Governance’. Review of International Political Economy 18: 1751.Google Scholar
Best, Jacqueline. 2014. ‘The “Demand Side” of Good Governance: The Return of the Public in World Bank Policy’. In The Return of the Public in Global Governance, edited by Gheciu, Alexandra and Best, Jacqueline, 97119. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Best, Jacqueline, and Gheciu, Alexandra, eds. 2014a. The Return of the Public in Global Governance. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Best, Jacqueline, and Gheciu, Alexandra, 2014b. ‘Theorizing the Public as Practices: Transformations of the Public in Historical Context’. In The Return of the Public in Global Governance, edited by Best, Jacqueline and Gheciu, Alexandra, 1544. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bhabha, Homi K. 1994. The Location of Culture, new ed. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bhambra, Gurminder K., and Holmwood, John. 2018. ‘Colonialism, Postcolonialism and the Liberal Welfare State’. New Political Economy 23 (January): 574–87.Google Scholar
Birch, Anthony Harold. 1972. Representation. London and Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Bloom, Peter. 2016. Authoritarian Capitalism in the Age of Globalization. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Bob, Clifford. 2002. ‘Political Process Theory and Transnational Movements: Dialectics of Protest among Nigeria’s Ogoni Minority’. Social Problems 49 (3): 395415.Google Scholar
Boesten, Jelke. 2017. ‘Of Exceptions and Continuities: Theory and Methodology in Research on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence’. International Feminist Journal of Politics 19 (4): 506–19.Google Scholar
Boesten, Jelke, Mdee, Anna and Cleaver, Frances. 2011. ‘Service Delivery on the Cheap? Community-Based Workers in Development Interventions’. Development in Practice 21 (1): 4158.Google Scholar
Boone, Catherine. 2003. Political Topographies of the African State: Territorial Authority and Institutional Choice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bornstein, Erica, and Sharma, Aradhana. 2016. ‘The Righteous and the Rightful: The Technomoral Politics of NGOs, Social Movements, and the State in India’. American Ethnologist 43 (1): 7690.Google Scholar
Boudreau, Julie-Anne. 2007. ‘Making New Political Spaces: Mobilizing Spatial Imaginaries, Instrumentalizing Spatial Practices, and Strategically Using Spatial Tools’. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39 (11): 2593–611.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977a. ‘Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction’. In Power and Ideology in Eduction, 487511. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977b. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984a. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1984b. Homo academicus. Paris: Éditions de Minuit.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. ‘The Social Space and the Genesis of Groups’. Theory and Society 14 (6): 723–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. ‘The Forms of Capital’. In Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, edited by Richardson, J, 241–58. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1987. ‘Legitimation and Structured Interests in Weber’s Sociology of Religion’. In Max Weber, Rationality and Modernity, edited by Lash, Scott and Whimster, Sam, 119–37. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1989. ‘Social Space and Symbolic Power’. Sociological Theory 7 (1): 1425.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice, translated by Nice, Richard. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge: Polity in association with Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1994. ‘Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field’, translated by Wacquant, Loic J. D. and Farage, Samar. Sociological Theory 12 (1): 118.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. On Television and Journalism. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre, and Wacquant, Loïc J. D.. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Brass, Jennifer N. 2016. Allies or Adversaries: NGOs and the State in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brassett, James, and Tsingou, Eleni. 2011. ‘The Politics of Legitimate Global Governance’. Review of International Political Economy 18 (1): 116.Google Scholar
Bratton, Michael, and van de Walle, Nicolas. 1994. ‘Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa’. World Politics 46 (4): 453–89.Google Scholar
Brennan, James R. 2006. ‘Blood Enemies: Exploitation and Urban Citizenship in the Nationalist Political Thought of Tanzania, 1958–75’. The Journal of African History 47 (3): 389413.Google Scholar
Brennan, James R. 2012. Taifa: Making Nation and Race in Urban. Athens: Ohio University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, Hannah, and Prince, Ruth J.. 2015. ‘Introduction: Volunteer Labor – Pasts and Futures of Work, Development, and Citizenship in East Africa’. African Studies Review 58 (02): 2942.Google Scholar
Brown, William. 2006. ‘Africa and International Relations: A Comment on IR Theory, Anarchy and Statehood’. Review of International Studies 32 (1): 119–43.Google Scholar
Bruch, Elizabeth M. 2013. ‘Having the Last Word: Human Rights Reporting (Re)imagined through Critical Qualitative Methodology’. Qualitative Sociology 36 (2): 209–25.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen. 1999. ‘Recognitional Legitimacy and the State System’. Philosophy and Public Affairs 28 (1): 4678.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Allen, and Keohane, Robert O.. 2006. ‘The Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions’. Ethics & International Affairs 20 (4): 405–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bueger, Christian. 2014. ‘Pathways to Practice: Praxiography and International Politics’. European Political Science Review 6 (3): 383406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buur, Lars, Nystrand, Malin and Pedersen, Rasmus Hundsbæk. 2017. ‘The Political Economy of Land and Natural Resources in Africa: An Analytical Framework’. https://forskning.ruc.dk/en/publications/the-political-economy-of-land-and-natural-resources-in-africa-an-.Google Scholar
Callewaert, Staf. 2006. ‘Bourdieu, Critic of Foucault: The Case of Empirical Social Science against Double-Game-Philosophy’. Theory, Culture & Society 23 (6): 7398.Google Scholar
Campbell, Bonnie. 2012. ‘Corporate Social Responsibility and Development in Africa: Redefining the Roles and Responsibilities of Public and Private Actors in the Mining Sector’. Resources Policy 37 (2): 138–43.Google Scholar
Campbell, David. 1986. ‘Truth Claims and Value-Freedom in the Treatment of Legitimacy: The Case of Weber’. Journal of Law and Society 13 (2): 207–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, David. 1992. Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, Kirsten. 2018. ‘Producing Knowledge in the Field of Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict Research: Objects, Methods, Politics, and Gender Justice Methodology’. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society 25 (4): 469–95.Google Scholar
Carpiano, R. M. 2009. ‘Come Take a Walk with Me: The “Go-Along” Interview as a Novel Method for Studying the Implications of Place for Health and Well-Being’. Health and Place 15 (1): 263–72.Google Scholar
Celis, Karen, and Childs, Sarah. 2008. ‘Introduction: The Descriptive and Substantive Representation of Women: New Directions’. Parliamentary Affairs 61 (3): 419–25.Google Scholar
Celis, Karen, Childs, Sarah, Kantola, Johanna and Krook, Mona Lena. 2008. ‘Rethinking Women’s Substantive Representation’. Representation 44 (2): 99110.Google Scholar
De Certeau, Michel. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley; London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Césaire, Aimé. 2000 [1955]. Discourse on Colonialism. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Chambers, Robert. 1983. Rural Development: Putting the Last First. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Chatterjee, Partha. 2004. The Politics of the Governed: Reflections on Popular Politics in Most of the World. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Chaudhry, Suparna. 2019. ‘Bridging the Gap: The Relationship between INGO Activism and Human Rights Indicators’. Journal of Human Rights 18 (1): 111–33.Google Scholar
Cheeseman, Nic, Matfess, Hilary and Amani, Alitalali. 2021. ‘Tanzania: The Roots of Repression’. Journal of Democracy 32 (2): 7789.Google Scholar
Ciorciari, John D., and Krasner, Stephen D.. 2018. ‘Contracting out, Legitimacy, and State Building’. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 12 (4): 484505.Google Scholar
Clapham, Christopher. 1996. Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Ian. 2003. ‘Legitimacy in a Global Order’. Review of International Studies 29: 7595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Ian. 2005. Legitimacy in International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Ian. 2007. International Legitimacy and World Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Clifford, James. 1986. ‘Introduction: Partial Truths’. In Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography, edited by Clifford, James and Marcus, George E., 126. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Clifford, James, and Marcus, George E., eds. 1986. Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Dara Kay, and Green, Amelia Hoover. 2012. ‘Dueling Incentives: Sexual Violence in Liberia and the Politics of Human Rights Advocacy’. Journal of Peace Research 49 (3): 445–58.Google Scholar
Cohn, Bernard S. 1996. Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Coleman, Lara Montesinos, and Tucker, Karen. 2011. ‘Between Discipline and Dissent: Situated Resistance and Global Order’. Globalizations 8 (4): 397410.Google Scholar
Collier, Stephen J., and Ong, Aihwa. 2005. Global Assemblages Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Collingwood, Vivien. 2006. ‘Non-governmental Organisations, Power and Legitimacy in International Society’. Review of International Studies 32 (3): 439–54.Google Scholar
Collingwood, Vivien, and Logister, Louis. 2005. ‘State of the Art: Addressing the INGO ‘Legitimacy Deficit’‘. Political Studies Review 3 (2): 175–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collord, Michaela. 2017a. ‘Tanzania: President Magufuli versus the Investors’. Democracy in Africa (blog), 3 June 2017. http://democracyinafrica.org/tanzania-president-magufuli-versus-investors/.Google Scholar
Collord, Michaela. 2017b. ‘Tanzania: Where President Magufuli’s Political and Economic Strategy Meet’. Presidential Power (blog), 17 November 2017. https://presidential-power.net/?p=7222.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean, and Comaroff, John L.. 2012. ‘Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America Is Evolving toward Africa’. Anthropological Forum 22 (2): 113–31.Google Scholar
Cooley, Alexander. 2015. ‘Countering Democratic Norms’. Journal of Democracy 26 (3): 4963.Google Scholar
Cooper, Brenda, Morrell, Robert and Soudien, Crain. 2014. Africa-Centred Knowledges Crossing Fields and Worlds. Woodbridge: James Currey.Google Scholar
Copp, David. 1999. ‘The Idea of a Legitimate State’. Philosophy and Public Affairs 28 (1): 345.Google Scholar
Cornelissen, Scarlett, Cheru, Fantu and Shaw, Timothy. 2012. ‘Introduction: Africa and IR in the 21st Century: Still Challenging Theory?’ In Africa and International Relations in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Cornelissen, Scarlett, Cheru, Fantu and Shaw, Timothy, 118. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cornell, Drucilla. 2010. ‘The Ethical Affirmation of Human Rights’. In Can the Subaltern Speak? Reflections on a History of an Idea, edited by Morris, Rosalind, 100–14. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Cox, Robert. 1981. ‘Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory’. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 10 (2): 126.Google Scholar
Crewe, Emma, and Harrison, Elizabeth. 1998. Whose Development? An Ethnography of Aid. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Crozier, Michel, Huntington, Samuel P. and Watanuki, Jōji. 1975. The Crisis of Democracy: Report on the Governability of Democracies to the Trilateral Commission. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, Charlotte. 2012. Reflexive Ethnography: A Guide to Researching Selves and Others. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Davies, Thomas. 2019. ‘Introducing NGOs and International Relations’. In The Routledge Handbook of NGOs and International Relations, edited by Davies, Thomas, 116. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
De Rosa, Eugenia. 2014. ‘Gender Statactivism and NGOs: Development and Use of Gender-Sensitive Data for Mobilizations and Women’s Rights’. Partecipazione E Conflitto 7 (2): 314–47.Google Scholar
De Sousa Santos, Boaventura. 2015. Epistemologies of the South: Justice against Epistemicide. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dean, Mitchell. 2010. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society. London; Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Death, Carl. 2013. ‘Governmentality at the Limits of the International: African Politics and Foucauldian Theory’. Review of International Studies 39 (3): 763–87.Google Scholar
Death, Carl. 2014. ‘Legitimacy and Governmentality in Tanzania: Environmental Mainstreaming in the Developing World’. In Critical Perspectives on African Politics: Liberal Interventions, State-Building and Civil Society, edited by Gabay, Clive and Death, Carl, 6788. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Death, Carl. 2015. ‘Introduction: Africa’s International Relations’. African Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adv041.Google Scholar
Devenney, Mark. 2019. ‘The Improper Politics of Representation’. In The Constructivist Turn in Political Representation, 224–38. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Dill, Brian. 2013. Fixing the African State: Recognition, Politics, and Community-Based Development in Tanzania. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Dionne, Kim Yi. 2017. Doomed Interventions: The Failure of Global Responses to AIDS in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Disch, Lisa. 2015. ‘The “Constructivist Turn” in Democratic Representation: A Normative Dead-end?Constellations 22 (4): 487–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Disch, Lisa, van de Sande, Mathijs and Urbinati, Nadia. 2019. The Constructivist Turn in Political Representation. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Dodworth, Kathy. 2014. ‘NGO Legitimation as Practice: Working State Capital in Tanzania’. Critical African Studies 6 (1): 2239.Google Scholar
Dodworth, Kathy. 2017. ‘Multipositionality in the “Field”’. In Understanding Global Development Research: Fieldwork Issues, Experiences and Reflections, edited by Crawford, Gordon, Kruckenberg, Lena J, Louber, Nicholas and Morgan, Rosemary, 213–16. Los Angeles: SAGE. Google Scholar
Dodworth, Kathy. 2018a. ‘NGO Legitimation as Practice: Crafting Political Space in Tanzania’. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Dodworth, Kathy. 2018b. ‘“A Real African Woman!” Multipositionality and Its Effects in the Field’. Ethnography, October. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138118802951.Google Scholar
Dodworth, Kathy. 2019. ‘Negotiating the Public: Voluntarism and Its Work in Tanzania’. African Affairs 116 (470): 125–46.Google Scholar
Dorman, Sara. 2005. ‘Studying Democratization in Africa: A Case Study of Human Rights NGOs in Zimbabwe’. In Between a Rock and a Hard Place: African NGOs, Donors, and the State, edited by Igoe, Jim and Kelsall, Tim, 3562. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.Google Scholar
Doty, Roxanne Lynn. 1996. Imperial Encounters: The Politics of Representation in North–South Relations. Minneapolis; London: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Douglas, Jack D. 1970. Understanding Everyday Life: Toward the Reconstruction of Sociological Knowledge. Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co.Google Scholar
Dryzek, John S., and Niemeyer, Simon. 2008. ‘Discursive Representation’. The American Political Science Review 102 (4): 481–93.Google Scholar
Dubash, Navroz K. 2009. ‘Global Norms through Global Deliberation? Reflections on the World Commission on Dams’. Global Governance 2: 219–38.Google Scholar
Dubash, Mark. 2001. Global Governance and the New Wars: The Merging of Development and Security. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Duncombe, J., and Jessop, J.. 2002. ‘“Doing Rapport” and the Ethics of “Faking Friendship”’. In Ethics in Qualitative Research, edited by Mauthner, Melanie, Birch, Maxine, Jessop, Julie and Miller, Tina, 107–22. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Dunn, Kevin. 2000. ‘Tales from the Dark Side: Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory’. Journal of Third World Studies 17 (1): 6190.Google Scholar
Dunn, Kevin C. 2008. ‘Historical Representations’. In Qualitative Methods in International Relations, edited by Klotz, Audie and Prakash, Deepa, 7892. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Dunn, Kevin C., and Shaw, Timothy M, eds. 2001. Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Eastman, Carol M. 1971. ‘Who Are the Waswahili?Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 41 (3): 228–36.Google Scholar
Easton, David. 1965. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ebrahim, Alnoor. 2002. ‘Information Struggles: The Role of Information in the Reproduction of NGO–Funder Relationships’. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 31 (1): 84114.Google Scholar
Ebrahim, Alnoor. 2003. NGOs and Organizational Change: Discourse, Reporting, and Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Edwards, Michael. 2000. NGO Rights and Responsibilities: A New Deal for Global Governance. London: Foreign Policy Centre in association with NCVO.Google Scholar
Edwards, Michael, and Hulme, D., eds. 1996. Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the post-Cold War World. West Hartford: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, S. N. 1973. Traditional Patrimonialism and Modern Neopatrimonialism. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Ekeh, Peter P. 1975. ‘Colonialism and the Two Publics in Africa: A Theoretical Statement’. Comparative Studies in Society and History 17 (1): 91112.Google Scholar
Engel, Ulf, and Nugent, Paul. 2010. Respacing Africa. Leiden; Boston: Brill.Google Scholar
Englebert, Pierre. 2000. State Legitimacy and Development in Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.Google Scholar
England, Paula. 1989. ‘A Feminist Critique of Rational-Choice Theories: Implications for Sociology’. The American Sociologist 20 (1): 1428.Google Scholar
Englund, Harri. 2006. Prisoners of Freedom: Human Rights and the African Poor. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Enloe, Cynthia H. 2000. Bananas, Beaches and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics, updated edition with a new preface. Berkeley; London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Escobar, Arturo. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the Third World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fabian, Steven. 2007. ‘Wabagamoyo: Redefining Identity in a Swahili Town, 1860s–1960s’. PhD dissertation, Halifax, Nova Scotia: Dalhousie University.Google Scholar
Fabian, Steven. 2013. ‘East Africa’s Gorée: Slave Trade and Slave Tourism in Bagamoyo, Tanzania’. Canadian Journal of African Studies 47 (1): 95114.Google Scholar
Fabian, Steven. 2019. Making Identity on the Swahili Coast: Urban Life, Community, and Belonging in Bagamoyo. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fanon, Frantz. 1952. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press.Google Scholar
Fanon, Frantz. 1967. The Wretched of the Earth. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Farrugia, David, and Woodman, Dan. 2015. ‘Ultimate Concerns in Late Modernity: Archer, Bourdieu and Reflexivity’. The British Journal of Sociology 66 (4): 626–44.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 1994. The Anti-politics Machine: ‘Development,’ Depoliticization, and Bureaucratic Power in Lesotho. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 2006. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James. 2015. Give a Man a Fish: Reflections on the New Politics of Distribution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, James, and Gupta, Akhil. 2002. ‘Spatializing States: Toward an Ethnography of Neoliberal Governmentality’. American Ethnologist 29 (4): 9811002.Google Scholar
Fife, Wayne. 2005. Doing Fieldwork: Ethnographic Methods for Research in Developing Countries and beyond. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Fisher, William F. 1997. ‘Doing Good? The Politics and Antipolitics of NGO Practices’. Annual Review of Anthropology 26 (January): 439–64.Google Scholar
Fitzi, Gregor, Mackert, Juergen and Turner, Bryan S., eds. 2018. Populism and the Crisis of Democracy, Volume 1, Concepts and Theory. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1970. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. London: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1972. The Archaeology of Knowledge. London: Tavistock Publications.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1979. The History of Sexuality. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Fouéré, Marie-Aude. 2014. ‘Julius Nyerere, Ujamaa, and Political Morality in Contemporary Tanzania’. African Studies Review 57 (1): 124.Google Scholar
Fouéré, Marie-Aude. ed. 2015. Remembering Julius Nyerere in Tanzania: History, Memory, Legacy. Oxford: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
Gazi, Theodora. 2020. ‘Data to the Rescue: How Humanitarian Aid NGOs Should Collect Information Based on the GDPR’. Journal of International Humanitarian Action 5 (1): 9.Google Scholar
Geiger, Susan. 1997. TANU Women: Gender and Culture in the Making of Tanganyikan Nationalism, 1955–1965. James Currey Portsmouth: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Geldof, Koenraad, and Martin, Alex. 1997. ‘Authority, Reading, Reflexivity: Pierre Bourdieu and the Aesthetic Judgment of Kant’. Diacritics 27 (1): 2043.Google Scholar
Gellman, Barton, and Poitras, Laura. 2013. ‘U.S., British Intelligence Mining Data from Nine U.S. Internet Companies in Broad Secret Program’. Washington Post, 7 June 2013, sec. Investigations. www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html.Google Scholar
Gent, Stephen E., Crescenzi, Mark J. C, Menninga, Elizabeth J and Reid, Lindsay. 2015. ‘The Reputation Trap of NGO Accountability’. International Theory 7 (03): 426–63.Google Scholar
Gibson, Nigel. 2007. ‘Relative Opacity: A New Translation of Fanon’s Wretched of the Earth – Mission Betrayed or Fulfilled?Social Identities 13 (1): 6995.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1984. The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gillies, Val, and Alldred, Pam. 2002. ‘The Ethics of Intention: Research as a Political Tool’. In Ethics in Qualitative Research, edited by Mauthner, Melanie, Birch, Maxine, Jessop, Julie and Miller, Tina, 3252. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Glassman, Jonathon. 1991. ‘The Bondsman’s New Clothes: The Contradictory Consciousness of Slave Resistance on the Swahili Coast’. The Journal of African History 32 (2): 277312.Google Scholar
Glassman, Jonathon. 1995. Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion, and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856–1888. Portsmouth; London; Nairobi; Dar es Salaam: Heinemann; James Currey; Mkuki Na Nyota.Google Scholar
Glassman, Jonathon. 2011. War of Words, War of Stones: Racial Thought and Violence in Colonial Zanzibar. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1969. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Goldman, Michael. 2001. ‘The Birth of a Discipline’. Ethnography 2 (2): 191217.Google Scholar
Gordenker, Leon, and Weiss, Thomas G.. 1995. ‘Pluralising Global Governance: Analytical Approaches and Dimensions’. Third World Quarterly 16 (3): 357–87.Google Scholar
Gordon, Lewis R. 1995. Fanon and the Crisis of European Man: An Essay on Philosophy and the Human Sciences. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gourevitch, Peter A., Lake, David A. and Stein, Janice Gross. 2012. The Credibility of Transnational NGOs: When Virtue Is Not Enough. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Grafstein, Robert. 1981. ‘The Failure of Weber’s Conception of Legitimacy: Its Causes and Implications’. Journal of Politics 43 (2): 456–72.Google Scholar
Gray, Hazel S. 2015. ‘The Political Economy of Grand Corruption in Tanzania’. African Affairs 114 (456): 382403.Google Scholar
Green, Maia. 2010. ‘After Ujamaa? Cultures of Governance and the Representation of Power in Tanzania’. Social Analysis 54 (1): 1534.Google Scholar
Green, Maia. 2012. ‘Anticipatory Development: Mobilizing Civil Society in Tanzania’. Critique of Anthropology 32 (3): 309–33.Google Scholar
Green, Maia. 2014. The Development State: Aid, Culture and Civil Society in Tanzania. New York: Boydell & Brewer Group Ltd.Google Scholar
Gregoratti, Catia, and Uhlin, Anders. 2018. ‘Civil Society Protest and the (De)legitimation of Global Governance Institutions’. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart, 134–50. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gronau, Jennifer, and Schmidtke, Henning. 2016. ‘The Quest for Legitimacy in World Politics: International Institutions’ Legitimation Strategies’. Review of International Studies 42 (3): 535–57.Google Scholar
Grzybowski, Cândido. 2000. ‘We NGOs: A Controversial Way of Being and Acting’. Development in Practice 10 (3/4): 436–44.Google Scholar
Guardian, The. 2014. ‘Charities Should Stick to Knitting and Keep out of Politics, Says MP’. The Guardian, 2014, sec. Society. www.theguardian.com/society/2014/sep/03/charities-knitting-politics-brook-newmark.Google Scholar
Guardian Reporter. 2018. ‘Ex-PRIDE Chief, DUCE Accountant Top PCCB Most Wanted List’. Guardian Reporter, October 27. www.ippmedia.com/en/news/ex-pride%20chief-duce-accountant-top-pccb-most-wanted-list.Google Scholar
Guardian Reporter. 2020. ‘CAG Unearths Embezzlement of Billions in PRIDE’. Guardian Reporter, April 16. www.ippmedia.com/en/news/cag-unearths-embezzlement-billions-pride.Google Scholar
Guèye, Sémou Pathé. 2011. ‘An Introduction to the Epistemology of the Social Sciences’. In Readings in Methodology: African Perspectives, edited by Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard and Cardoso, Carlos, 3976. Dakar: CODESRIA (Conseil pour le Developpement de la Recherche Economique et Sociale en Afrique).Google Scholar
Guillaume, Xavier. 2011. ‘Resistance and the International: The Challenge of the Everyday’. International Political Sociology 5 (4): 459–62.Google Scholar
Gupta, Akhil, and Ferguson, James. 1997. ‘Discipline and Practice: “The Field” as Site, Method, and Location in Anthropology’. In Anthropological Locations: Boundaries and Grounds of a Field Science, edited by Gupta, Akhil and Ferguson, James, 146. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gupta, Akhil, and Sharma, Aradhana. 2006. ‘Globalization and Postcolonial States’. Current Anthropology 47 (2): 277307.Google Scholar
Gusterson, Hugh. 2008. ‘Ethnographic Research’. In Qualitative Methods in International Relations, edited by Klotz, Audie and Prakash, Deepa, 93113. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Habermas, Jürgen. 1976. Legitimation Crisis. London: Heinemann Educational.Google Scholar
Hagmann, Tobias, and Péclard, Didier. 2010. ‘Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa’. Development & Change 41 (4): 539–62.Google Scholar
Hall, Rodney Bruce, and Biersteker, Thomas J.. 2002. The Emergence of Private Authority in Global Governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Ruth. 2011. ‘Land Grabbing in Southern Africa: The Many Faces of the Investor Rush’. Review of African Political Economy 38 (128): 193214.Google Scholar
Haraway, Donna. 1988. ‘Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective’. Feminist Studies 3: 575–99.Google Scholar
Harrison, Graham. 2008. ‘From the Global to the Local? Governance and Development at the Local Level: Reflections from Tanzania’. The Journal of Modern African Studies 2: 169–89.Google Scholar
Haufler, Virginia. 2013. A Public Role for the Private Sector: Industry Self-Regulation in a Global Economy. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment.Google Scholar
Havnevik, Kjell J., and Haaland, Hanne. 2011. ‘Biofuel, Land and Environmental Issues: The Case of SEKAB’s Biofuel Plans in Tanzania’. In Biofuels, Land Grabbing and Food Security in Africa, edited by Matondi, Prosper B, Havnevik, Kjell and Beyene, Atakilte, 106–33. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Hearn, Julie. 2007. ‘African NGOs: The New Compradors?Development and Change 38 (6): 1095–110.Google Scholar
Heiss, Andrew. 2020. ‘NGOs and Authoritarianism’. In The Routledge Handbook of NGOs and International Relations, edited by Davies, Thomas, 557–72. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Held, David, McGrew, Anthony G., Goldblatt, David and Perraton, Jonathan. 1999. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hilhorst, Dorothea. 2007. ‘The Art of NGO-Ing: Everyday Practices as Key to Understanding Development NGOs’. In Reconceptualising NGOs and Their Roles in Development, edited by Opoku-Mensah, P, Lewis, D and Tvedt, T, 297325. Allborg: Aalborg University Press.Google Scholar
Hilson, Gavin. 2012. ‘Corporate Social Responsibility in the Extractive Industries: Experiences from Developing Countries’. Resources Policy, Corporate Social Responsibility in the Extractive Industries: Experiences from Developing Countries 37 (2): 131–7.Google Scholar
Hodgson, Dorothy Louise. 2001. Once Intrepid Warriors: Gender, Ethnicity, and the Cultural Politics of Maasai Development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Barak, and Robinson, Lindsay. 2009. ‘Tanzania’s Missing Opposition’. Journal of Democracy 20 (4): 123–36.Google Scholar
Holzscheiter, Anna. 2016. ‘Representation as Power and Performative Practice: Global Civil Society Advocacy for Working Children’. Review of International Studies 42 (2): 205–26.Google Scholar
Hönke, Jana. 2013. Transnational Companies and Security Governance: Hybrid Practices in a Postcolonial World. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hönke, Jana. 2018. ‘Transnational Clientelism, Global (Resource) Governance, and the Disciplining of Dissent’. International Political Sociology 12 (2): 109–24.Google Scholar
Hönke, Jana, and Müller, Markus-Michael. 2012. ‘Governing (In)security in a Postcolonial World: Transnational Entanglements and the Worldliness of “Local” Practice’. Security Dialogue 43 (5): 383401.Google Scholar
Howell, Jude, Fisher, K. R. and Shang, X.. 2020. ‘Accountability and Legitimacy of NGOs under Authoritarianism: The Case of China’. Third World Quarterly 41 (1): 113–32.Google Scholar
Hunter, Emma. 2008. ‘Revisiting Ujamaa: Political Legitimacy and the Construction of Community in Post-colonial Tanzania’. Journal of Eastern African Studies 2 (3): 471–85.Google Scholar
Hunter, Emma. 2015a. Political Thought and the Public Sphere in Tanzania: Freedom, Democracy, and Citizenship in the Era of Decolonization. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hunter, Emma. 2015b. ‘Voluntarism, Virtuous Citizenship, and Nation-Building in Late Colonial and Early Postcolonial Tanzania’. African Studies Review 58 (2): 4361.Google Scholar
Hurrelmann, Achim, Schneider, Steffen and Steffek, Jens. 2007. ‘Introduction: Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics’. In Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics, edited by Hurrelmann, Achim Schneider, Steffen and Steffek, Jens, 116. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hydén, Göran, and Mukandala, Rwekaza Sympho, eds. 1999. Agencies in Foreign Aid: Comparing China, Sweden and the United States in Tanzania. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ikenberry, G. John. 2018. ‘The End of Liberal International Order?International Affairs 94 (1): 723.Google Scholar
Iliffe, John. 1979. A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Michael Hviid. 2009. Encountering the Everyday: An Introduction to the Sociologies of the Unnoticed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Jackson, Robert H., and Rosberg, Carl G.. 1982. ‘Why Africa’s Weak States Persist: The Empirical and the Juridical in Statehood’. World Politics 35 (1): 124.Google Scholar
Jackson, Robert H., and Rosberg, Carl G.. 1984. ‘Personal Rule: Theory and Practice in Africa’. Comparative Politics 16 (4): 421–42.Google Scholar
Jacob, Thabit, and Pedersen, Rasmus Hundsbæk. 2018. ‘New Resource Nationalism? Continuity and Change in Tanzania’s Extractive Industries’. The Extractive Industries and Society 5 (2): 287–92.Google Scholar
Jacob, Thabit, and Pedersen, Rasmus Hundsbæk. 2019. ‘Political Settlement and the Politics of Legitimation in Countries Undergoing Democratization: Insights from Tanzania’. https://forskning.ruc.dk/en/publications/political-settlement-and-the-politics-of-legitimation-in-countrie.Google Scholar
Jakimow, Tanya. 2010. ‘Negotiating the Boundaries of Voluntarism: Values in the Indian NGO Sector’. Voluntas 21 (4): 546–68.Google Scholar
Jameson, Frederic. 1984. ‘Foreword’. In The Postmodern Condition: A Report on the State of Knowledge, by Lyotard, Jean-Francois, viixxi. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Jennings, Michael. 2003. ‘“We Must Run While Others Walk”: Popular Participation and Development Crisis in Tanzania, 1961–9’. The Journal of Modern African Studies 41 (2): 163–87.Google Scholar
Jennings, Michael. 2008. Surrogates of the State: NGOs, Development, and Ujamaa in Tanzania. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press.Google Scholar
Jennings, Michael. 2014. ‘Oxfam and Conor Burns’ Perfect Storm of Manufactured Outrage’. Africa Development and Politics (blog), June 27. https://mikejennings101.wordpress.com/2014/06/27/oxfam-and-conor-burns-perfect-storm-of-manufactured-outrage/.Google Scholar
Kamat, Sangeeta. 2004. ‘The Privatization of Public Interest: Theorizing NGO Discourse in a Neoliberal Era’. Review of International Political Economy 11 (1): 155–76.Google Scholar
Kamat, Vinay. 2008. ‘This Is Not Our Culture! Discourse of Nostalgia and Narratives of Health Concerns in Post-socialist Tanzania’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 78 (3): 359–83.Google Scholar
Keck, Margaret E., and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kelsall, Tim. 2000. ‘Governance, Local Politics and Districtization in Tanzania: The 1998 Arumeru Tax Revolt’. African Affairs 99 (397): 533–51.Google Scholar
Kelsall, Tim. 2003. ‘Rituals of Verification: Indigenous and Imported Accountability in Northern Tanzania’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 73 (2): 174201.Google Scholar
Kinyanjui, Njeri. 2020. ‘Mama Jua Kali: Female Resistance and Resilience to the Coloniality of Modernism and Neoliberalism in Nairobi, Kenya’. Journal of Language, Technology & Entrepreneurship in Africa 11 (1): 3952.Google Scholar
Kwayu, Aikande. 2015. ‘Different “Uses of Nyerere” in the Constitutional Review Debates: A Touchstone for Legitimacy in Tanzania’. In Remembering Julius Nyerere in Tanzania, edited by Fouéré, Marie-Aude, 127–40. Dar es Salaam; London: Mkuki Na Nyota Publishers.Google Scholar
Lal, Priya. 2012. ‘Self-reliance and the State: The Multiple Meanings of Development in Early Post-colonial Tanzania’. Africa: The Journal of the International African Institute 82 (2): 212–34.Google Scholar
Lang, Sabine. 2012. NGOs, Civil Society, and the Public Sphere. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Larner, Wendy, and Walters, William, eds. 2004. Global Governmentality: Governing International Spaces. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lazarus, Neil. 2011. ‘What Postcolonial Theory Doesn’t Say’. Race & Class 53 (1): 327.Google Scholar
League of Nations. 1923. ‘British Mandate for East Africa’. American Journal of International Law 17 (3), Supplement, Official Documents.Google Scholar
Leander, Anna. 2002. ‘Do We Really Need Reflexivity in IPE? Bourdieu’s Two Reasons for Answering Affirmatively’. Review of International Political Economy 9 (4): 601–9.Google Scholar
Leander, Anna. 2005. ‘The Power to Construct International Security: On the Significance of Private Military Companies’. Millennium – Journal of International Studies 33 (3): 803–25.Google Scholar
Leander, Anna. 2008. ‘Thinking Tools’. In Qualitative Methods in International Relations, edited by Klotz, Audie and Prakash, Deepa, 1127. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Leander, Anna. 2010. ‘Practices (Re)producing Orders: Understanding the Role of Business in Global Security Governance’. In Business and Global Governance, edited by Leander, Anna and Ougaard, Morten, 5777. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lemke, Douglas. 2003. ‘African Lessons for International Relations Research’. World Politics 56 (1): 114–38.Google Scholar
Lewis, David. 2002. ‘Civil Society in African Contexts: Reflections on the Usefulness of a Concept’. Development & Change 33 (4): 569.Google Scholar
Li, Tania. 2007. The Will to Improve: Governmentality, Development, and the Practice of Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Xiaoyun, and Dong, Qiang. 2018. ‘Chinese NGOs Are “Going Out”: History, Scale, Characteristics, Outcomes, and Barriers’. Nonprofit Policy Forum 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/npf-2017-0038.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1963. Political Man. London: Mercury Books.Google Scholar
Lister, Sarah. 2003. ‘NGO Legitimacy’. Critique of Anthropology 23 (2): 175–92.Google Scholar
Littoz-Monnet, Annabelle. 2017. ‘Expert Knowledge as a Strategic Resource: International Bureaucrats and the Shaping of Bioethical Standards’. International Studies Quarterly 61 (3): 584–95.Google Scholar
Locke, John. 1948 [1689]. The Second Treatise of Civil Government. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lofchie, Michael F. 2014. Political Economy of Tanzania: Decline and Recovery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Lottholz, Philipp, and Lemay-Hébert, Nicolas. 2016. ‘Re-reading Weber, Re-conceptualizing State-Building: From Neo-Weberian to Post-Weberian Approaches to State, Legitimacy and State-Building’. Cambridge Review of International Affairs 29 (4): 1467–85.Google Scholar
Luff, Donna. 1999. ‘Dialogue across the Divides: “Moments of Rapport” and Power in Feminist Research with Anti-feminist Women’. Sociology 33 (4): 687703.Google Scholar
Lund, Christian. 2006a. ‘Twilight Institutions: An Introduction’. Development and Change 37 (4): 673–84.Google Scholar
Lund, Christian. 2006b. ‘Twilight Institutions: Public Authority and Local Politics in Africa’. Development and Change 37 (4): 685705.Google Scholar
Lund, Christian. 2011. ‘Property and Citizenship: Conceptually Connecting Land Rights and Belonging in Africa’. Africa Spectrum 46 (3): 71–5.Google Scholar
Lyon, David. 2014. ‘Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, Consequences, Critique’. Big Data & Society, July. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951714541861.Google Scholar
Lyon, David. 2015. Surveillance after Snowden. Cambridge; Malden, MA: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Machiavelli, Niccolò. 1975. The Prince, repr. with revisions. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
McNay, Lois. 1999. ‘Gender, Habitus and the Field: Pierre Bourdieu and the Limits of Reflexivity’. Theory, Culture and Society 16 (1): 95116.Google Scholar
Maes, Kenneth. 2012. ‘Volunteerism or Labor Exploitation? Harnessing the Volunteer Spirit to Sustain AIDS Treatment Programs in Urban Ethiopia’. Human Organization 71 (1): 5464.Google Scholar
Malkki, Liisa H. 1995. ‘Refugees and Exile: From “Refugee Studies” to the National Order of Things’. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 495523.Google Scholar
Mamdani, Mahmood. 1996. Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism. Kampala; London: Fountain James Currey.Google Scholar
Manin, Bernard. 1997. The Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manji, Firoze, and O’Coill, Carl. 2002. ‘The Missionary Position: NGOs and Development in Africa’. International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944–) 78 (3): 567–83.Google Scholar
Mansbridge, Jane. 1999. ‘Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent “Yes”’. The Journal of Politics 61 (3): 628–57.Google Scholar
Marcus, George E. 1995. ‘Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-sited Ethnography’. Annual Review of Anthropology 24 (January): 95117.Google Scholar
Marcus, George E., and Fischer, Michael M. J.. 1986. Anthropology as Cultural Critique: An Experimental Moment in the Human Sciences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Marsland, Rebecca. 2006. ‘Community Participation the Tanzanian Way: Conceptual Contiguity or Power Struggle?Oxford Development Studies 34 (1): 6579.Google Scholar
Mbah, Jean Ferdinand. 2011. ‘Construction of the Subject as a Practice of Clarification of Social Relationships’. In Readings in Methodology: African Perspectives, edited by Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard and Cardoso, Carlos, 101–23. Dakar: CODESRIA (Conseil pour le Developpement de la Recherche Economique et Sociale en Afrique).Google Scholar
Mbembe, Achille. 2001. On the Postcolony. Berkeley; London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Meier, Petra. 2008. ‘Critical Frame Analysis of EU Gender Equality Policies: New Perspectives on the Substantive Representation of Women’. Representation 44 (2): 155–67.Google Scholar
Memmi, Albert. 1990 [1957]. The Colonizer and the Colonized. London: Earthscan.Google Scholar
Menkhaus, Kenneth John. 2007. ‘Governance without Government in Somalia: Spoilers, State Building, and the Politics of Coping’. International Security 31 (3): 74106.Google Scholar
Mercer, Claire. 2003. ‘Performing Partnership: Civil Society and the Illusions of Good Governance in Tanzania’. Political Geography 22 (7): 741–63.Google Scholar
Mercer, Claire, and Green, Maia. 2013. ‘Making Civil Society Work: Contracting, Cosmopolitanism and Community Development in Tanzania’. Geoforum 45: 106–15.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally Engle. 2006. ‘Transnational Human Rights and Local Activism: Mapping the Middle’. American Anthropologist 108 (1): 3851.Google Scholar
Merry, Sally Engle. 2016. The Seductions of Quantification: Measuring Human Rights, Gender Violence, and Sex Trafficking. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Meyer, John W., Pope, Shawn M and Isaacson, Andrew. 2015. ‘Legitimating the Transnational Corporation in a Stateless World Society’. In Corporate Social Responsibility in a Globalizing World, edited by Tsutsui, Kiyoteru and Lim, Alwyn, 2772. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Migdal, Joel, and Schlichte, Klaus. 2005. ‘Rethinking the State’. In The Dynamics of States: The Formation and Crises of State Domination, edited by Schlichte, Klaus, 140. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Mignolo, Walter. 2003. The Darker Side of the Renaissance: Literacy, Territoriality, and Colonization, 2nd edition. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Mignolo, Walter. 2005. The Idea of Latin America. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mignolo, Walter. 2007. ‘Delinking’. Cultural Studies 21 (2/3): 449514.Google Scholar
Mindry, Deborah. 2001. ‘Nongovernmental Organizations, “Grassroots,” and the Politics of Virtue’. Signs 26 (4): 11871211.Google Scholar
Mitchell, George E., Schmitz, Hans Peter and Vijfeijken, Tosca Bruno-van. 2020. ‘Legitimacy’. In Between Power and Irrelevance: The Future of Transnational NGOs, by Mitchell, George E., Schmitz, Hans Peter and Vijfeijken, Tosca Bruno-van, 87105. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Timothy. 1991. ‘The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics’. The American Political Science Review 85 (1): 7796.Google Scholar
Mkandawire, Thandika. 2015. ‘Neopatrimonialism and the Political Economy of Economic Performance in Africa: Critical Reflections’. World Politics 67 (3): 563612.Google Scholar
Moore, Sally Falk. 1988. ‘Legitimation as a Process: The Expansion of Government and Party in Tanzania’. In State Formation and Political Legitimacy, edited by Cohen, Ronald and Toland, Judith D, 137–54. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.Google Scholar
Mosse, David. 1994. ‘Authority, Gender and Knowledge: Theoretical Reflections on the Practice of Participatory Rural Appraisal’. Development and Change 25 (3): 497526.Google Scholar
Mosse, David. 2005. Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Mosse, David, and Lewis, David J., eds. 2005. The Aid Effect: Giving and Governing in International Development. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Mulieri, Alessandro. 2013. ‘Beyond Electoral Democracy? A Critical Assessment of Constructivist Representation in the Global Arena’. Representation 49 (4): 515–27.Google Scholar
Mulligan, Shane P. 2006. ‘The Uses of Legitimacy in International Relations’. Millennium 34 (2): 349–75.Google Scholar
Mulligan, Shane P. 2007. ‘Legitimacy and Political Judgement’. In Legitimacy in an Age of Global Politics, edited by Hurrelmann, Achim, Schneider, Steffen and Steffek, Jens, 7589. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Murariu, Mihai. 2012. ‘The Political Uses of Spatiality: Temporality, Telos, Legitimacy’. Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai. Studia Europaea 57 (3): 169–88.Google Scholar
Murphy, Alexander B. 1996. ‘The Sovereign State System as Political-Territorial Ideal’. In State Sovereignty as Social Construct, edited by Biersteker, Thomas J and Weber, Cynthia, 81120. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, Alexander B. 2010. ‘Identity and Territory’. Geopolitics 15 (4): 769–72.Google Scholar
Musila, Grace A. 2017. ‘Navigating Epistemic Disarticulations’. African Affairs 116 (465): 692704.Google Scholar
Musila, Grace A. 2018. ‘Margins and Their Im/possibilities in Eastern African Imaginaries’. Journal of African Cultural Studies 30 (1): 15.Google Scholar
Mustapha, Abdul Raufu. 2002. ‘States, Predation and Violence: Reconceptualizing Political Action and Political Community in Africa’. Paper presented at the Panel on State, Political Identity and Political Violence, 10th General Assembly of CODESRIA, Kampala, Uganda, December 8–12.Google Scholar
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2010. ‘Do “Africans” Exist? Genealogies and Paradoxes of African Identities and the Discourses of Nativism and Xenophobia’. African Identities 8 (3): 281–95.Google Scholar
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. 2013. Coloniality of Power in Postcolonial Africa Myths of Decolonization. Dakar; Baltimore: Codesria, Project MUSE.Google Scholar
Nelson, Paul J. 2002. ‘Agendas, Accountability and Legitimacy among Transnational Networks: Lobbying the World Bank’. In Restructuring World Politics, edited by Khagram, Sanjeev, Riker, James V and Sikkink, Kathryn, 131–54. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota PressGoogle Scholar
Ngũgĩ, wa Thiong’o. 1981. Writers in Politics: Essays. London; Ibadan; Nairobi: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Nkiwane, Tandeka C. 2001. ‘Africa and International Relations: Regional Lessons for a Global Discourse’. International Political Science Review/Revue Internationale de Science Politique 22 (3): 279–90.Google Scholar
Nugent, Paul. 2009. ‘Critical African Studies: A Voluntarist Manifesto’. Critical African Studies 1 (1): 119.Google Scholar
Nyerere, Julius K. 1968a. Freedom and Socialism: Uhuru Na Ujamaa; a Selection from Writings and Speeches, 1965–1967. Dar es Salaam; London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nyerere, Julius K. 1968b. Ujamaa: Essays on Socialism. Dar es Salaam; London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
O’Kane, Rosemary H. T. 1993. ‘Against Legitimacy’. Political Studies 41 (3): 471–87.Google Scholar
Oakley, Ann. 1981. ‘Interviewing Women: A Contradiction in Terms’. In Doing Feminist Research, edited by Roberts, Helen, 3061. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Olivier de Sardan, Jean-Pierre. 2011. ‘The Eight Modes of Local Governance in West Africa’. IDS Bulletin 42 (2): 2231.Google Scholar
Opie, Anne. 1992. ‘Qualitative Research, Appropriation of the “Other” and Empowerment’. Feminist Review 40 (April): 5269.Google Scholar
Ossewaarde, Ringo, Nijhof, André and Heyse, Liesbet. 2008. ‘Dynamics of NGO Legitimacy: How Organising Betrays Core Missions of INGOs’. Public Administration and Development 28 (1): 4253.Google Scholar
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard, and Cardoso, Carlos. 2011a. ‘Introduction: Questions of Method’. In Readings in Methodology: African Perspectives, edited by Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard and Cardoso, Carlos, xviixxxiv. Dakar: CODESRIA (Conseil pour le Developpement de la Recherche Economique et Sociale en Afrique).Google Scholar
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bernard, and Cardoso, Carlos. eds. 2011b. Readings in Methodology: African Perspectives. Dakar: CODESRIA, African Books Collective, CODESRIA (Conseil pour le Developpement de la Recherche Economique et Sociale en Afrique).Google Scholar
Packenham, Robert. 1970. ‘Legislatures and Political Development’. In Legislatures in Developmental Perspective, edited by Kornberg, A and Musolf, L. D, 521–2. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Paget, Dan. 2017. ‘Tanzania: Shrinking Space and Opposition Protest’. Journal of Democracy 28 (3): 153–67.Google Scholar
Paget, Dan. 2020a. ‘Mistaken for Populism: Magufuli, Ambiguity and Elitist Plebeianism in Tanzania’. Journal of Political Ideologies, August. www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13569317.2020.1796345.Google Scholar
Paget, Dan. 2020b. ‘Again, Making Tanzania Great: Magufuli’s Restorationist Developmental Nationalism’. Democratization 27 (7): 1240–60.Google Scholar
Parry, Benita. 1994. ‘Signs of Our Times: Discussion of Homi Bhabha’s the Location of Culture’. Third Text 8 (28–9): 524.Google Scholar
Pateman, Carole. 1988. The Sexual Contract. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Pels, Peter. 2002. ‘Creolisation in Secret the Birth of Nationalism in Late Colonial Uluguru, Tanzania’. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 1: 128.Google Scholar
Persaud, Randolph B. 1997. ‘Frantz Fanon, Race and World Order’. In Innovation and Transformation in International Studies, edited by Gill, Stephen and Mittelman, James H, 170–84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pharr, Susan J., and Putnam, Robert D., eds. 2000. Disaffected Democracies: What’s Troubling the Trilateral Countries? Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Phillips, Kristin D. 2010. ‘Pater Rules Best: Political Kinship and Party Politics in Tanzania’s Presidential Elections’. PoLAR: Political & Legal Anthropology Review 33 (1): 109–32.Google Scholar
Pitcher, Anne, Moran, Mary H. and Johnston, Michael. 2009. ‘Rethinking Patrimonialism and Neopatrimonialism in Africa’. Repenser Le Patrimonialism et Le Néopatrimonialism En Afrique 52 (1): 125–56.Google Scholar
Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Prince, Ruth J. 2015. ‘Seeking Incorporation? Voluntary Labor and the Ambiguities of Work, Identity, and Social Value in Contemporary Kenya’. African Studies Review 58 (2): 85109.Google Scholar
Quijano, Aníbal. 2007. ‘Coloniality and Modernity/Rationality’. Cultural Studies 21 (2/3): 168–78.Google Scholar
Rajak, Dinah. 2011. In Good Company: An Anatomy of Corporate Social Responsibility. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Read, Róisín. 2019. ‘Comparing Conflict-Related Sexual Violence: Expertise, Politics and Documentation’. Civil Wars 21 (4): 468–88.Google Scholar
Read, Róisín, Taithe, Bertrand and Ginty, Roger Mac. 2016. ‘Data Hubris? Humanitarian Information Systems and the Mirage of Technology’. Third World Quarterly 37 (8): 1314–31.Google Scholar
Reckwitz, Andreas. 2002. ‘Toward a Theory of Social Practices: A Development in Culturalist Theorizing’. European Journal of Social Theory 5 (2): 243–63.Google Scholar
Rehfeld, Andrew. 2005. The Concept of Constituency Political Representation, Democratic Legitimacy, and Institutional Design. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rehfeld, Andrew. 2006. ‘Towards a General Theory of Political Representation’. The Journal of Politics 68 (1): 121.Google Scholar
Reus-Smit, Christian. 2007. ‘International Crises of Legitimacy’. International Politics; Basingstoke 44 (2/3): 157–74.Google Scholar
Rizzo, Matteo. 2017. Taken for a Ride: Grounding Neoliberalism, Precarious Labour, and Public Transport in an African Metropolis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rojas, C. 2004. ‘Governing through the Social: Representation of Poverty and Global Governmentality’. In Global Governmentality: Governing International Spaces, edited by Larner, Wendy and Walters, William, 97115. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rosanvallon, Pierre, and Goldhammer, Arthur. 2011. Democratic Legitimacy: Impartiality, Reflexivity, Proximity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas. 1993. ‘Government, Authority and Expertise in Advanced Liberalism’. Economy & Society 22 (3): 283–99.Google Scholar
Rose, Nikolas. 1999. Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenau, James N. 1997. Along the Domestic–Foreign Frontier: Exploring Governance in a Turbulent World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenau, James N. 2003. ‘Governance in a New Global Order’. In The Global Transformations Reader: An Introduction to the Globalization Debat, 2nd edition, edited by Held, David and McGrew, Anthony G., 223–33. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Roth, Guenther. 1968. ‘Personal Rulership, Patrimonialism, and Empire-Building in the New States’. World Politics 20 (2): 194206.Google Scholar
Routley, Laura. 2012. ‘NGOs and the Formation of the Public: Grey Practices and Accountability’. African Affairs 111–34 (442): 116.Google Scholar
Routley, Laura. 2016. Negotiating Corruption: NGOs, Governance and Hybridity in West Africa. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ruggie, John Gerard. 1993. ‘Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations’. International Organization 1: 139–74.Google Scholar
Sack, Robert David. 1986. Human Territoriality: Its Theory and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Said, Edward W. 1993. Culture and Imperialism. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Sajed, Alina. 2012. ‘The Post Always Rings Twice? The Algerian War, Poststructuralism and the Postcolonial in IR Theory’. Review of International Studies 38 (1): 141–63.Google Scholar
Salter, Mark. 2013. ‘The Practice Turn: Introduction’. In Research Methods in Critical Security Studies, edited by Salter, Mark B and Mutlu, Can E, 8591. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 1996. Losing Control? Sovereignty in an Age of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 2000. ‘Territory and Territoriality in the Global Economy’. International Sociology 15 (2): 372.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. 2006. Territory, Authority, Rights: From Medieval to Global Assemblages. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Saward, Michael. 2006. ‘The Representative Claim’. Contemporary Political Theory 5 (3): 297318.Google Scholar
Saward, Michael. 2010. The Representative Claim. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Scharpf, Fritz Wilhelm. 1999. Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic? Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schatzberg, Michael G. 2001. Political Legitimacy in Middle Africa: Father, Family, Food. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Schatzki, Theodore R. 2002. The Site of the Social: A Philosophical Account of the Constitution of Social Life and Change. University Park; London: Pennsylvania State University Press.Google Scholar
Schatzki, Theodore R., Knorr-Cetina, K. and von Savigny, Eike, eds. 2001. The Practice Turn in Contemporary Theory. New York; London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schatzman, Leonard. 1973. Field Research: Strategies for a Natural Sociology, edited by Strauss, Anselm L.. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Schmelzle, Cord, and Stollenwerk, Eric. 2018. ‘Virtuous or Vicious Circle? Governance Effectiveness and Legitimacy in Areas of Limited Statehood’. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 12 (4): 449–67.Google Scholar
Schmidt, Vivien A. 2012. Democracy and Legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks Online.Google Scholar
Schneider, Leander. 2006. ‘Colonial Legacies and Postcolonial Authoritarianism in Tanzania: Connects and Disconnects’. African Studies Review 49 (1): 93118.Google Scholar
Schneider, Leander. 2014. Government of Development: Peasants and Politicians in Postcolonial Tanzania. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Scholte, Jan Aart. 2000. Globalization: A Critical Introduction. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Scholte, Jan Aart, and Tallberg, Jonas. 2018. ‘Theorizing the Institutional Sources of Global Governance Legitimacy’. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart, 5674. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schroeder, Paul W. 1994. The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven; London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Seabrooke, Leonard. 2007. ‘Legitimacy Gaps in the World Economy: Explaining the Sources of the IMF’s Legitimacy Crisis’. International Politics 44 (2/3): 250–68.Google Scholar
Sending, Ole Jacob, and Neumann, Iver B.. 2006. ‘Governance to Governmentality: Analyzing NGOs, States, and Power’. International Studies Quarterly 50 (3): 651–72.Google Scholar
Severs, Eline. 2012. ‘Substantive Representation through a Claims-Making Lens: A Strategy for the Identification and Analysis of Substantive Claims’. Representation 48 (2): 169–81.Google Scholar
Shilliam, Robbie. 2018. Race and the Undeserving Poor. Newcastle upon Tyne: Agenda.Google Scholar
Shivji, Issa G. 2004. ‘Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: What We Are, What We Are Not, and What We Ought to Be’. Development in Practice 5: 689–95.Google Scholar
Shivji, Issa G. 2007. Silences in NGO Discourse: The Role and Future of NGOs in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sikor, Thomas, and Lund, Christian. 2009. ‘Access and Property: A Question of Power and Authority’. Development and Change 40 (1): 122.Google Scholar
Singh, Prabhjot, and Sachs, Jeffrey D. 2013. ‘1 Million Community Health Workers in Sub-Saharan Africa by 2015’. The Lancet 382 (9889): 363–5.Google Scholar
Skumstrud Anderson, Morten. 2015. ‘How to Study NGOs in Practice: A Relational Primer’. In The NGO Challenge for International Relations Theory, edited by DeMars, William E. and Dijkzeul, Dennis, 4164. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Slim, Hugo. 2002. ‘By What Authority? The Legitimacy and Accountability of Non-governmental Organisations’. Paper presented at the International Meeting on Global Trends and Human Rights: Before and after September 11, International Council on Human Rights Policy, Geneva, January 10–12. www.gdrc.org/ngo/accountability/by-what-authority.html.Google Scholar
Smith, Dorothy E. 1988. The Everyday World as Problematic: A Feminist Sociology. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. 2012. Decolonizing Methodologies Research and Indigenous Peoples, 2nd edition. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Smooth, Wendy. 2011. ‘Standing for Women? Which Women? The Substantive Representation of Women’s Interests and the Research Imperative of Intersectionality’. Politics & Gender 7 (3): 436–41.Google Scholar
Snyder, Katherine A. 2008. ‘Building Democracy from below: A Case from Rural Tanzania’. The Journal of Modern African Studies 2: 287304.Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1988. ‘Can the Subaltern Speak?’ In Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, 271315. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Squires, Judith. 2008. ‘The Constitutive Representation of Gender: Extra-parliamentary Re-presentations of Gender Relations’. Representation 44 (2): 187204.Google Scholar
Stacey, Judith. 1988. ‘Can There Be a Feminist Ethnography?Women’s Studies International Forum 11 (1): 21–7.Google Scholar
Stanley, Liz. 1990. Feminist Praxis: Research, Theory and Epistemology in Feminist Sociology. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Steffek, Jens. 2003. ‘The Legitimation of International Governance: A Discourse Approach’. European Journal of International Relations 9 (2): 249–75.Google Scholar
Stillman, Peter G. 1974. ‘The Concept of Legitimacy’. Polity 7 (1): 3256.Google Scholar
Stoler, Ann Laura. 2008. ‘Imperial Debris: Reflections on Ruins and Ruination’. Cultural Anthropology 23 (2): 191219.Google Scholar
Strange, Susan. 1997. ‘Territory, State, Authority and Economy: A New Realist Ontology of Global Political Economy’. In The New Realism: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order, edited by Cox, Robert, 319. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Sweetman, Paul. 2003. ‘Twenty-First Century Dis-Ease? Habitual Reflexivity or the Reflexive Habitus’. The Sociological Review 51 (4): 528–49.Google Scholar
Swidler, Ann, and Watkins, Susan Cotts. 2009. ‘“Teach a Man to Fish”: The Sustainability Doctrine and Its Social Consequences’. World Development 37: 1182–96.Google Scholar
Symons, Jonathan. 2011. ‘The Legitimation of International Organisations: Examining the Identity of the Communities That Grant Legitimacy’. Review of International Studies 37 (5): 2557–83.Google Scholar
Tallberg, Jonas. 2013. The Opening up of International Organizations: Transnational Access in Global Governance. Cambridge: University Press.Google Scholar
Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart. 2018a. ‘Introduction: Legitimacy in Global Governance’. In Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences, edited by Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart, 319. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tallberg, Jonas, Bäckstrand, Karin and Scholte, Jan Aart. 2018b. Legitimacy in Global Governance: Sources, Processes, and Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1971. ‘Interpretation and the Sciences of Man’. The Review of Metaphysics 25 (1): 351.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1983. Social Theory as Practice. B. N. Ganguli Memorial Lectures, 1981. Delhi: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Theobald, Robin. 1982. ‘Patrimonialism’. World Politics 34 (4): 548–59.Google Scholar
Tocqueville, Alexis de. 2000 [1865]. Democracy in America. Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Tripp, Aili Mari. 1997. Changing the Rules: The Politics of Liberalization and the Urban Informal Economy in Tanzania. Berkeley; London: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tripp, Aili Mari. 2000. ‘Political Reform in Tanzania: The Struggle for Associational Autonomy’. Comparative Politics 32 (2): 191214.Google Scholar
Tsutsui, Kiyoteru, and Lim, Alwyn, eds. 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility in a Globalizing World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Turner, Victor Witter, and Bruner, Edward M.. 1986. The Anthropology of Experience. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Tvedt, Terje. 1998. Angels of Mercy or Development Diplomats? NGOs and Foreign Aid. Oxford: James Currey.Google Scholar
Tvedt, Terje. 2006. ‘The International Aid System and the Non-governmental Organisations: A New Research Agenda’. Journal of International Development 18 (5): 677–90.Google Scholar
Ulimwengu, Jenerali. 2017. ‘The Democratic Space Is Being Shut down but PLO Lumumba Keeps Singing Praises’. The East African. www.theeastafrican.co.kewww.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/oped/comment/the-democratic-space-is-being-shut-down-but-plo-lumumba-keeps-singing-praises--1372496.Google Scholar
UNAIDS. 2009. AIDS Epidemic Update 09. Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and World Health Organization (WHO). https://data.unaids.org/pub/report/2009/jc1700_epi_update_2009_en.pdf.Google Scholar
UNDP. 2016. ‘Human Development Report: Human Development for Everyone’. UNDP. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf.Google Scholar
UNDP. 2019. ‘Human Development Report: Beyond Income, beyond Averages, beyond Today – Inequalities in Human Development in the 21st Century’. UNDP. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 2012. ‘Population and Housing Census’. Dar es Salaam: National Bureau of Statistics. www.tzdpg.or.tz/fileadmin/documents/dpg_internal/dpg_working_groups_clusters/cluster_2/water/WSDP/Background_information/2012_Census_General_Report.pdf.Google Scholar
United Republic of Tanzania. 2015. ‘The Statistics Act 2015’. http://parliament.go.tz/polis/uploads/bills/acts/1452062087-ActNo-9-2015-Book-1-10.pdf.Google Scholar
Urbinati, Nadia, and Warren, Mark E.. 2008. ‘The Concept of Representation in Contemporary Democratic Theory’. Annual Review of Political Science 11 (1): 387412.Google Scholar
Vaughan, Olufemi, Ranger, T. O and Kirk-Greene, A. H. M.. 1993. Legitimacy and the State in Twentieth-Century Africa: Essays in Honour of A. H. M. Kirk-Greene. Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St Antony’s College, Oxford.Google Scholar
Venugopal, Varsha, and Yilmaz, Serdar. 2010. ‘Decentralization in Tanzania: An Assessment of Local Government Discretion and Accountability’. Public Administration and Development 30 (3): 215–31.Google Scholar
Von Haldenwang, Christian. 2017. ‘The Relevance of Legitimation: A New Framework for Analysis’. Contemporary Politics 23 (3): 269–86.Google Scholar
Vrasti, Wanda. 2008. ‘The Strange Case of Ethnography and International Relations’. Millennium – Journal of International Studies 37 (2): 279301.Google Scholar
Walker, R. B. J. 1993. Inside/outside: International Relations as Political Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Walle, Nicolas van de. 1999. ‘Aid’s Crisis of Legitimacy: Current Proposals and Future Prospects’. African Affairs 98 (392): 337–52.Google Scholar
Walsh, Patrick F., and Miller, Seumas. 2016. ‘Rethinking “Five Eyes” Security Intelligence Collection Policies and Practice post Snowden’. Intelligence and National Security 31 (3): 345–68.Google Scholar
Watson, T. N. 1982. ‘Areas of Concern: Bagamoyo’. Monumentum 25 (1): 2942.Google Scholar
Webber, Jeremy H. A., and Macleod, Colin M.. 1970 [1919]. From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, translated, edited and with an introduction by Gerth, Hans Heinrich and Mills, C. Wright. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Webber, Jeremy H. A., and Macleod, Colin M.. 2010. Between Consenting Peoples: Political Community and the Meaning of Consent. Vancouver: UBC Press.Weber, Max. 1968. Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. New York: Bedminster Press.Google Scholar
Weintraub, Jeff Alan. 1997. ‘The Theory and Politics of the Public Private Distinction’. In Public and Private in Thought and Practice: Perspectives on a Grand Dichotomy, edited by Weintraub, Jeff Alan and Kumar, Krishan, 142. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Werbner, Richard P. 2004. Reasonable Radicals and Citizenship in Botswana: The Public Anthropology of Kalanga Elites. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Wind, Gitte. 2008. ‘Negotiated Interactive Observation: Doing Fieldwork in Hospital Settings’. Anthropology & Medicine 15 (2): 7989.Google Scholar
Xinhua. 2017. ‘Tanzania Suspends NGOs Registration’. Business Daily, 22 August. www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/news/tanzania-suspends-ngos-registration-2165894.Google Scholar
Yanacopulos, Helen. 2015. International NGO Engagement, Advocacy, Activism: The Faces and Spaces of Change. London: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Zaum, Dominik. 2013. Legitimating International Organizations. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199672097.001.0001.Google Scholar
Zelditch, Morris. 2001. ‘Theories of Legitimacy’. In The Psychology of Legitimacy, edited by Jost, John T and Major, Brenda, 3353. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Zhao, Yingjie. 2018. ‘Chinese NGOs’ Humanitarian and Development Aid in Africa: The Case of the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation’. Paper. Panel: Humanitarianism from below – Analysing the Views, Values and Practices of Local and National Aid Actors. Conference: (Re-)shaping Boundaries in Crisis and Crisis Response. 5th International Humanitarian Studies Association Conference, The Hague, The Netherlands, 27–9 August 2018.Google Scholar