Taaffe ruled Cisleithania through the Iron Ring, a coalition of everyone but the German Liberals. Policy was more conservative, but also helped the non-German nationalist parties, creating a more nationally diverse political scene, while in Hungary the political spectrum was entirely Magyar. The Hungarian government remained liberal and nationalist, suppressing antisemitism, but also pursuing Magyarization. In Cisleithania an interest politics of the masses developed. The main form was nationalism. Antisemitism became a feature of both German and Czech radical nationalism. On the Catholic conservative side the antisemitic Christian Socials formed. Other nationalist movements also tended to antisemitism, because of the exclusivist logic of their ideology. Socialism was, in principle, universalist, but most mass politics was nationalist. There was a large a-national, or trans-national, space in the Monarchy, but not in political life. This was a good era for Franz Joseph: foreign policy was manageable, Cisleithanian politics tamed, the Magyar leadership amenable if over-weening. Meanwhile, however, his army was underfunded and his exclusive and anachronistic Court isolated him from society. The 1890s were dominated by the failure to solve the language conflict in Bohemia (and Styria). Badeni’s attempts to solve the Bohemian conflict caused a revolution-threatening crisis in 1897.