This chapter examines a group of liturgical poems in Hebrew, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, and Syriac that focus on the issues of evil, sin, and yeṣer. The poems portray a dispute between the body and the soul, each of whom tries to convict the other of responsibility for the person’s sins. Each side in the dispute addresses its opponent, and at times also God, and brings proofs and arguments that exemplify its own innocence and the other’s guilt. The poems, Jewish and Christian alike, share the same verdict: both body and soul are responsible for sins, and both should be punished. These poetic disputes are one more example of the rich interaction between Jewish and Christian liturgical poetry in the late antique Near East, and their roots go back to ancient Mesopotamian literature.