Any culture’s human potential for work and wisdom accounts for a significant share of its resources. Developing that potential – a process termed education, training, or human capital development – is a major responsibility of government. Spending for human capital development, using a conservative definition, averaged 5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) for all Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD) countries, in 2015. In most rich countries, education comes second only to health care as a claim on public spending, as it does in the United States, at 6.1 percent of GDP.