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Chapter 22 - Visceral trauma

from Section III - Visceral trauma and miscellaneous abuse and neglect

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2015

By
Katherine Nimkin  and
Paul K. Kleinman
Edited by
Paul K. Kleinman
Katherine Nimkin
Affiliation:
Associate Director of Pediatric Imaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Paul K. Kleinman
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Paul K. Kleinman
Affiliation:
Children's Hospital Boston
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Summary

Introduction

Visceral injuries are uncommon but important manifestations of child abuse. Great attention has been given to classic abusive visceral injuries over the years with several recent excellent reviews (1–7). However, the varied and often dramatic clinical and imaging features of inflicted visceral injury remain underappreciated, leading to delayed diagnosis and poor outcome.

Inflicted visceral injury is infrequent compared with the classic skeletal and brain injuries associated with abuse. The average age for fatal visceral injury in abuse is two years (8). Although most injuries occur in ambulatory children, visceral trauma in infants is by no means rare (9, 10). The abdominal organs are more vulnerable to blunt injury in the young child because the abdominal wall musculature is less well developed and increased compliance of the ribs allows increased transmission of forces to underlying structures (11). Injuries to the liver, mesentery, small bowel, and pancreas predominate in this setting, and with state-of-the-art computed tomography (CT), there is better recognition of these injuries.

Early reports of abdominal injuries in abused children focused on injuries requiring surgery or those leading to death. Perry and Venters reported 99 children dying from violence over a 5-year period in Saint Paul and Ramsey County, Minnesota (12). Twelve of these cases were deemed homicides, and seven were believed likely to represent examples of the battered child syndrome. Four of the seven children died from abdominal visceral injury. Only two died from head injury.

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Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse , pp. 563 - 607
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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  • Visceral trauma
    • By Katherine Nimkin, Associate Director of Pediatric Imaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Paul K. Kleinman, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • Edited by Paul K. Kleinman
  • Book: Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse
  • Online publication: 05 September 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511862366.032
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  • Visceral trauma
    • By Katherine Nimkin, Associate Director of Pediatric Imaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Paul K. Kleinman, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • Edited by Paul K. Kleinman
  • Book: Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse
  • Online publication: 05 September 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511862366.032
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Visceral trauma
    • By Katherine Nimkin, Associate Director of Pediatric Imaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Assistant Clinical Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Paul K. Kleinman, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • Edited by Paul K. Kleinman
  • Book: Diagnostic Imaging of Child Abuse
  • Online publication: 05 September 2015
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511862366.032
Available formats
×