The chapter focuses on the question of justice in the context of the relationships between Muslims and the Western world. An-Na`im argues, among other things, that this relationship is made in part difficult by the legacy of colonialism and imperialism in the Middle East. Ultimately, An-Na`im stresses the fact that the improvement of relations between Muslims and the West calls for each side to self-reflect. He points to how each tradition is compatible with liberal political and human rights values. Indeed, there is no reconciliation with others if there is no reconciliation with oneself.