Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-797576ffbb-cx6qr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2023-12-07T00:53:51.478Z Has data issue: false Feature Flags: { "corePageComponentGetUserInfoFromSharedSession": true, "coreDisableEcommerce": false, "useRatesEcommerce": true } hasContentIssue false

Part II - Research Approaches to Heritage Languages

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2021

Silvina Montrul
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Maria Polinsky
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, College Park
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Åfarli, T. 1994. A Promotion Analysis of Restrictive Relative Clauses. The Linguistic Review 11, 81100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aoun, J., Benmamoun, E., and Choueiri, L.. 2010. The Syntax of Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Albirini, A. 2014. Toward Understanding the Variability in the Language Proficiencies of Arabic Heritage Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 18(6), 730765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albirini, A. and Benmamoun, E.. 2015. Factors Affecting the Retention of Sentential Negation in Heritage Egyptian Arabic. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8(3), 470489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albirini, A., Benmamoun, E., and Chakrani, B.. 2013. Gender and Number Agreement in the Oral Production of Arabic Heritage Speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albirini, A., Benmamoun, E., and Saadah, E.. 2011. Grammatical Features of Egyptian and Palestinian Arabic Heritage Speakers’ Oral Production. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 45, 273303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arad, M. 2003. Roots and Patterns. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Au, T., Knightly, L., Jun, S., and Oh, J.. 2002. Overhearing a Language during Childhood. Psychological Science 13, 238243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, M. 1988. Incorporation: A Theory of Grammatical Function Changing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E. 2000. The Feature Structure of Functional Categories: A Comparative Study of Arabic Dialects. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E. 2017. VSO Word Order, Primarily in Arabic Languages. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Syntax.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Bhatia, A., and Polinsky, M.. 2009. Closest Conjunct Agreement in Head Final Languages. In van Craenenbroeck, Jeroen (ed.), Linguistic Variation Yearbook. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 6788.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers: Opportunities and Challenges for Linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics 39, 129181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Albirini, A., Montrul, S., and Saadah, E.. 2014. Arabic Plurals and Root and Pattern Morphology in Palestinian and Egyptian Heritage Speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4(1), 89123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Abunasser, M., Al-Sabbagh, R., Bidaoui, A., and Shalash, D.. 2014. The Location of Sentential Negation in Arabic Varieties. Brill’s Annual of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 5, 83116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bock, J. K., Nicol, J., and Cutting, J. C.. 1999. The Ties That Bind: Creating Number Agreement in Speech. Journal of Memory and Language 40, 330346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolonyai, A. 2007. (In)vulnerable Agreement in Incomplete Bilingual L1 Learners. The International Journal of Bilingualism 11, 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borer, H. 2005a. Structuring Sense: Vol. 1. In Name Only. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Borer, H. 2005b. Structuring Sense: Vol. 2. The Normal Course of Events. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borer, H. 2013. Structuring Sense: Vol. 3. Taking Form. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brame, M. 1968. A New Analysis of the Relative Clause: Evidence for an Interpretive Theory. Unpublished ms., MIT.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 1977. ‘On wh-Movement.’ In Culicover, P. et al. (eds.), Formal Syntax. New York: Academic Press, 71132.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 2000. Minimalist Inquiries: The Framework. In Martin, R. et al. (eds.), Step by Step. Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 89155.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. 2019. Some Puzzling Foundational Issues: The Reading Program. Catalan Journal of Linguistics Special Issue, 263–285.Google Scholar
Fassi Fehri, A. 1993. Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godson, L. 2004. Phonetics of Language Attrition: Vowel Production and Articulatory Setting in the Speech of Western Armenian Heritage Speakers. Ph.D. dissertation, UCSD.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Håkansson, G. 1995. Syntax and Morphology of Language Attrition: A Study of Five Bilingual Expatriate Swedes. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, 153171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halle, M. and Marantz, A.. 1993. Distributed Morphology and the Pieces of Inflection. In Hale, K. and Keyser, S. J. (eds.), The View from Building 20. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 111176.Google Scholar
Hornstein, N. 2018. The Minimalist Program after 25 Years. Annual Review of Linguistics 4, 4965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jelinek, E. 1981. On Defining Categories: Aux and Predicate in EgyptianGoogle Scholar
Colloquial Arabic. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Kayne, Richard S. 1994. The Antisymmetry of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Keenan, E. and Comrie, B.. 1977. Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8, 6399.Google Scholar
Kim, J.-H., Montrul, S., and Yoon, J.. 2009. Binding Interpretations of Anaphors by Korean Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 16, 335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koopman, H. and Szabolcsi, A.. 2000. Verbal Complexes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsson, I and Johannessen, J. B.. 2015. Embedded Word Order in Heritage Scandinavian. In Hilpert, M., Östman, J.-O., Mertzlufft, C., and Riessler, M. (eds.), New Trends in Nordic and General Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 239267.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. 1979. Formal Problems in Semitic Phonology and Morphology. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. 1981. A Prosodic Theory of Nonconcatenative Morphology. Linguistic Inquiry 12(3), 373418.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J. and Prince, A.. 1990. Foot and Word in Prosodic Morphology: The Arabic Broken Plural. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 8, 209283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mohammad, M. 1988. On the Parallelism between IP and DP. In Borer, H. (ed.), Proceedings of WCCFL VII. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information, 241254.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. 2008. Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-examining the Age Factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2010. How Similar are L2 Learners and Heritage Speakers? Spanish Clitics and Word Order. Applied Psycholinguistics 31, 167207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2016. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J. S., Au, T. K.-F., and Jun, S.-A.. 2010. Early Childhood Language Memory in the Speech Perception of International Adoptees. Journal of Child Language 37, 11231132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oh, J., Jun, S., Knightly, L., and Au, T. K.-F.. 2003. Holding on to Childhood Language Memory. Cognition 86, B53B64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Omar, M. 1973. The Acquisition of Egyptian Arabic as a Native Language. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2011. Reanalysis in Adult Heritage Language: A Case for Attrition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, 305328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2018. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. and Scontras, G.. 2020. Understanding Heritage Languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, 420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollock, J.-Y. 1989. Verb Movement, Universal Grammar, and the Structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20, 365424.Google Scholar
Saadah, E. 2011. The production of Arabic Vowels by English L2 Learners and Heritage Speakers of Arabic. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Sherkina-Lieber, M. and Murasugi, K.. 2015. Noun Incorporation and Case in Heritage Inuktitut. In S. Vinerte (ed.) Proceedings of the 2015 Canadian Linguistic Association Annual Conference.Google Scholar
Shlonsky, U. 1997. Clause Structure and Word Order in Hebrew and Arabic: An Essay in Comparative Semitic Syntax. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Shlonsky, U. 2004. The Form of Semitic Noun Phrases. Lingua 114(12), 14651526.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soltan, U. 2007. On Formal Feature Licensing in Minimalism: Aspects of Standard Arabic Morphosyntax. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Maryland at College Park.Google Scholar
Sorace, A. 2004. Native Language Attrition and Developmental Instability at the Syntax-Discourse Interface: Data, Interpretations and Methods. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(2), 143145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Unsworth, S. 2016. Quantity and Quality of Language Input in Bilingual Language Development. In Nicoladis, E. and Montanari, S. (eds.), Lifespan Perspectives on Bilingualism. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 136196.Google Scholar
Vergnaud, J. R. 1974. French Relative Clauses. Ph.D. dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Yip, V. and Mathews, S.. 2007. The Bilingual Child: Early Development and Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Ambridge, B. 2010. Review of Frequency Effects in Language Acquisition: Defining the Limits of Frequency as an Explanatory Concept, ed. by I. Gülzow & N. Gagarina. Journal of Child Language 37, 453475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ambridge, B. and Kidd, E.. 2015. The Ubiquity of Frequency Effects. Journal of Child Language 42, 239273.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, C. 2014. A Parents’ and Teachers’ Guide to Bilingualism. Clarendon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, I. and Schlesewsky, M.. 2009. The Role of Prominence Information in the Real-Time Comprehension of Transitive Constructions: A Cross-Linguistic Approach. Language and Linguistics Compass 3, 1958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J. 2002. Sequentiality as the Basis of Constituent Structure. In Givón, T. and Malle, B. (eds.), The Evolution of Language Out of Pre-Language. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 109134.Google Scholar
Chien, Y.-C. and Wexler, K.. 1990. Children’s Knowledge of Locality Conditions in Binding as Evidence for the Modularity of Syntax and Pragmatics. Language Acquisition 1, 225295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cho, S. 1999. The Acquisition of Relative Clauses: Experimental Studies on Korean. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Linguistics, University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
Clackson, K., Felser, C., and Clahsen, H.. 2011. Children’s Processing of Reflexives and Pronouns in English: Evidence for Eye-Movements during Listening. Journal of Memory and Language 65, 128144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clifton, C. and Frazier, L.. 1989. Comprehending Sentences with Long-distance Dependencies. In Carlson, G. and Tanenhaus, M. (eds.), Linguistic Structure in Language Processing. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 273317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conroy, A., Takahashi, E., Lidz, J., and Phillips, C.. 2009. Equal Treatment for All Antecedents: How Children Succeed with Principle B. Linguistic Inquiry 40, 446486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crain, S., Goro, T., and Thornton, R.. 2006. Language Acquisition Is Language Change. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 35, 3149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deen, K. 2011. The Acquisition of the Passive. In de Villiers, J. and Roeper, T. (eds.), Handbook of Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition. New York: Springer, 155187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, N. 2002. Reflections on Frequency Effects in Language Processing. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 24, 297339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ellis, N. 2016. Frequency in Language Learning and Language Change. In Behrens, H. and Pfänder, S. (eds.), Experience Counts: Frequency Effects in Language. Berlin: de Gruyter, 239256.Google Scholar
Genesee, F. 2007. A Short Guide to Raising Children Bilingually. Multilingual Living Magazine 2, 1821.Google Scholar
Goodluck, H. and Stojanovic, D.. 1996.The Structure and Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Serbo-Croatian. Language Acquisition 5, 285315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grodzinsky, Y. 2000. The Neurology of Syntax: Language Use without Broca’s Area. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, 171.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gülzow, I. and Gagarina, N.. 2007. Frequency Effects in Language Acquisition: Defining the Limits of Frequency as an Explanatory Concept. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, B. and Risley, T.. 1995. Meaningful Differences in the Everyday Experience of Young American Children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Hawkins, J. 2004. Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J. 2014. Cross-linguistic Variation and Efficiency. Oxford: OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoff, E., Core, C., Place, S., Rumiche, R., Señor, M., and Parra, M., 2012. Dual Language Exposure and Early Bilingual Development. Journal of Child Language 39, 127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsu, C.-C., Hermon, G., and Zukowski, A.. 2009. Young Children’s Production of Head-Final Relative Clauses: Elicited Production Data from Chinese Children. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 18, 323360.Google Scholar
Huh, Sorin. 2015. A Corpus Study of L2 Korean Relative Clause Development. Language Research 51, 845868.Google Scholar
Jaeggli, O. 1980. Remarks on to-contraction. Linguistic Inquiry 11, 239245.Google Scholar
Jeon, K. S. and Kim, H.-Y.. 2007. Development of Relativization in Korean as a Foreign Language: The Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy in Head-internal and Head-external Relative Clause. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 29, 253276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, S. 2014. The Role of Syntactic and Semantic Information in the Frequency Distribution of Relative Clauses in Korean: A Corpus-based Analysis. Language Information 19, 532.Google Scholar
Keenan, E. and Comrie, B.. 1977. Noun Phrase Accessibility and Universal Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8, 63100.Google Scholar
Kim, C.-E. and O’Grady, W.. 2016. Asymmetries in Children’s Production of Relative Clauses: Data from English and Korean. Journal of Child Language 42, 10381071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, H.-S. 2005. Processing Strategies and Transfer of Heritage and Non-heritage Learners of Korean. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures, University of Hawaii at Manoa.Google Scholar
Kim, J.-H., Montrul, S., and Yoon, J.. 2009. Binding Interpretations of Anaphors by Korean Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 16, 335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, N., Polinsky, M., and Kluender, R.. 2006. Subject Preference in Korean. In Baumer, D., Montero, D., and Scanlon, M. (eds.), Proceedings of the 25th West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 114.Google Scholar
Kwon, N., Lee, Y., Gordon, P., and Kluender, R.. 2010. Cognitive and Linguistic Factors Affecting Subject/Object Asymmetry: An Eye-tracking Study of Prenominal Relative Clauses in Korean. Language 86, 546582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee-Ellis, S. 2009. The Development and Validation of a Korean C-Test Using Rasch Analysis. Language Testing 26, 245274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee-Ellis, S. 2011. The Elicited Production of Korean Relative Clauses by Heritage Speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, 5789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lohndal, T., Rothman, J., Kupisch, T., and Westergaard, M.. 2019. Heritage Language Acquisition: What It Reveals and Why It Is Important for Formal Linguistic Theories. Language and Linguistics Compass 13, https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mill, J. S. 1843. A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive. London: Longmans, Green and Co..Google Scholar
Montrul, S. 2016. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevins, A., Pesetsky, D., and Rodrigues, C.. 2009. Pirahã Exceptionality: A Reassessment. Language 85, 355402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, J. and Swinney, D.. 1989. The Role of Structure in Coreference Assignment during Sentence Comprehension. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 18, 519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Grady, W. 2008. Does Emergentism Have a Chance? In Chan, H., Jacob, H., and Kapia, E. (eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 1635.Google Scholar
O’Grady, W. 2013. The Illusion of Language Acquisition. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3, 253285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W. 2015a. Anaphora and the Case for Emergentism. In MacWhinney, B. and O’Grady, W. (eds.), The Handbook of Language Emergence. Boston: Wiley-Blackwell, 100122,Google Scholar
O’Grady, W. 2015b. Processing Determinism. Language Learning 65, 632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Lee, M., and Choo, M.. 2001. The Acquisition of Relative Clauses by Heritage and Non-heritage Learners of Korean as a Second Language: A Comparative Study. Journal of Korean Language Education 12, 283294.Google Scholar
O’Grady, W., Lee, M., and Choo, M.. 2003. A Subject-Object Asymmetry in the Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Korean as a Second Language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 433448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Lee, M., and Kwak, H.. 2009. Emergentism and Second Language Acquisition. In Ritchie, W. and Bhatia, T. (eds.), The New Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. Bingley: Emerald Press, 6988.Google Scholar
Pearson, B., Fernández, S., Lewedeg, V., and Oller, D.. 1997. The Relation of Input Factors to Lexical Learning by Bilingual Infants. Applied Psycholinguistics 18, 4158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2011. Reanalysis in Adult Heritage Language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, 305332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2018. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. and Scontras, G.. 2019. Understanding Heritage Languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 22, in press.Google Scholar
Rothman, J. and Chomsky, N.. 2018. Towards Eliminating Arbitrary Stipulations Related to Parameters: Linguistic Innateness and the Variation Model. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 8, 764769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothman, J. and Slabakova, R.. 2018. The Generative Approach to SLA and Its Place in Modern Second Language Studies. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 40, 417442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roy, D. 2009. New Horizons in the Study of Child Language Acquisition. Proceedings of Interspeech 2009. Brighton. Retrieved from http://dkroy.media.mit.edu/publications/CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scontras, G., Fuchs, Z., and Polinsky, M.. 2015. Heritage Language and Linguistic Theory. Frontiers in Psychology: Language Sciences 6, 120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Song, M., O’Grady, W., Cho, S., and Lee, M.. 1997. The Learning and Teaching of Korean in Community Schools. In Kim, Y.-H. (ed.), Korean language in America 2. American Association of Teachers of Korean, 111127.Google Scholar
Townsend, D. and Bever, T.. 2001. Sentence Comprehension: The Integration of Habits and Rules. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traxler, M., Morris, R., and Seely, R.. 2002. Processing Subject and Object Relative Clauses: Evidence from Eye Movements. Journal of Memory and Language 47, 6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van de Weijer, J. 2002. How Much Does an Infant Hear in a Day? Proceedings of the GALA2001 Conference on Language Acquisition, 2002. Retrieved from http://person2.sol.lu.se/JoostVanDeWeijer/Texts/gala01.pdfGoogle Scholar
van Rij, J., van Rijn, J., and Hendriks, P.. 2010. Language Acquisition: A Case Study in Pronoun Comprehension. Journal of Child Language 37, 731766.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Warren, P., Speer, S., and Schafer, A.. 2003. Wanna-contraction and Prosodic Disambiguation in US and NZ English. Wellington Working Papers in Linguistics 15, 3149.Google Scholar
Wells, C. 1985. Language Development in the Pre-school Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Yun, J., Chen, Z., Hunter, T., Whitman, J., and Hale, J.. 2015. Uncertainty in Processing Relative Clauses across East Asian Languages. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 24, 113148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zukowski, A. 2009. Elicited Production of Relative Clauses in Children with Williams Syndrome. Language and Cognition Processes 24, 142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Alim, H. S., Rickford, J., and Ball, A. (eds.) 2016. Raciolinguistics. How Language Shapes Our Ideas about Race. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alvord, S. and Rogers, B.. 2014. Miami Cuban Spanish Vowels in Contact. Sociolinguistic Studies 8(1), 139170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, B. R. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. 1999. Loss of Gender Agreement in L1 Attrition: Preliminary Results. Bilingual Research Journal 23(4), 389408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anya, U. 2016. Realized Identities in Second Language Learning: Speaking Blackness in Brazil. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avineri, N. 2012. Heritage Language Socialization Practices in Secular Yiddish Educational Contexts: The Creation of a Metalinguistic Community. Doctoral Dissertation, UCLA. Retrieved from www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/c__c/Avineri-%20Heritage%20Language%20Socialization.pdf.Google Scholar
Avineri, N. 2017. Contested Stance Practices in Secular Yiddish Metalinguistic Communities: Negotiating Closeness and Distance. Journal of Jewish Languages 5(2), 174199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avineri, N. 2019. The ‘Heritage Narratives’ of Yiddish Metalinguistic Community Members. In Falconi, E. and Garber, K. (eds.), The Tales We Tell: Storytelling and Narrative Practice. Leiden: Brill Publishers.Google Scholar
Avineri, N. and Kroskrity, P. V.. 2014. On the (Re-)Production and Representation of Endangered Language Communities: Social Boundaries and Temporal Borders. In Avineri, N. and Kroskrity, P. V. (eds.), Reconceptualizing Endangered Language Communities: Crossing Borders and Constructing Boundaries. [Special Issue]. Language & Communication 38(1), 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avni, S. 2012. Hebrew as Heritage: The Work of Language in Religious and Communal Continuity. Linguistics and Education 23(3), 323333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Back, M. and Zavala, V. (eds.) 2019. Racialization and Language: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from Peru. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bale, J. 2010. Arabic As a Heritage Language in the United States. International Multilingual Research Journal 4(2), 125151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkhuizen, G. 2015. Narrative Inquiry. In Paltridge, B. and Phakiti, A. (eds.), Research Methods in Applied Linguistics: A Practical Resource. London: Bloomsbury, 169185.Google Scholar
Beaudrie, S., Ducar, C., and Relaño-Pastor, A. M.. 2009. Curricular Perspectives in the Heritage Language Context: Assessing Culture and Identity. Language, Culture and Curriculum 22(2), 157174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, B. 1971. Class, Codes and Control. Vol. I. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bleaman, I. L. 2018. Outcomes of Minority Language Maintenance: Variation and Change in New York Yiddish (Publication No. 10824723). Doctoral dissertation, New York University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.Google Scholar
Bloch, A. and Hirsch, S.. 2017. “Second Generation” Refugees and Multilingualism: Identity, Race and Language Transmission. Ethnic and Racial Studies 40(14), 24442462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, J. 2010. The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1979. La distinction: Critique sociale du jugement. Paris,FR: Éditions de Minuit.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. 1991. Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brice Heath, S. 1983. Ways with Words. Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucholtz, M. 1999. ‘Why Be Normal?’: Language and Identity Practices in a Community of Nerd Girls. Language in Society 28(2), 203223.Google Scholar
Bucholtz, M. and Hall, K.. 2005. Identity and Interaction: A Sociocultural Linguistic Approach. Discourse Studies 7(4–5), 585614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, K. E. and Waugh, L. R.. 2018. Mixed Messages in the Spanish Heritage Language Classroom: Insights from CDA of Textbooks and Instructor Focus Group Discussions. Heritage Language Journal 15(1), 124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, D. and Kulick, D.. 2003. Language and Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carreira, M. and Beeman, T.. 2014. Voces: Latino Students on Life in the United States. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Carreira, M. and Kagan, O.. 2011. The Results of the National Heritage Language Survey: Implications for Teaching, Curriculum Design, and Professional Development. Retrieved from the National Heritage Language Resource Center website: www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/surveyreport/paper.pdfCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cashman, H. 2018. Queer, Latinx, & Bilingual: Narrative Resources in the Negotiation of Identities. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chang, C. and Yao, Y.. 2016. Toward an Understanding of Heritage Prosody: Acoustic and Perceptual Properties of Tone Produced by Heritage, Native, and Second Language Speakers of Mandarin. Heritage Language Journal 13(2), 134160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaparro, S. 2019. But Mom! I’m Not a Spanish Boy: Raciolinguistic Socialization in a Two-way Immersion Bilingual Program. Linguistics and Education 50, 112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, W. 2019. The Sociophonetic Perception of Heritage Spanish Speakers in the United States: Reactions to Labiodentalized <v> in the Speech of Late Immigrant and U.S.-born Voices. In Chappell, W. (ed.), Recent Advances in the Study of Spanish Sociophonetic Perception. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 240264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S., Zhou, Q., and Uchikoshi, Y.,. 2018. Heritage Language Socialization in Chinese American Immigrant Families: Prospective Links to Children’s Heritage Language Proficiency. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 21(1), 118.Google Scholar
Coates, J. 1996. Women Talk: Conversation between Women Friends. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Creese, A. 2009. Building on Young People’s Linguistic and Cultural Continuity: Complementary Schools in the United Kingdom. Theory Into Practice 48(4), 267273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, K. 1989. Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics. University of Chicago Forum 89(1), 139167.Google Scholar
Cummins, J. and Danesi, M.. 1990. Heritage Languages: The Development and Denial of Canada’s Linguistic Resources. Toronto: Our Schools/Our Selves and Garamond Press.Google Scholar
Curdt-Christiansen, X. 2008. Reading the World through Words: Cultural Themes in Heritage Chinese Language Textbooks. Language and Education 22(2), 95113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dao, M. D. and Nguyen, A. T.. 2017. Vietnamese Tones Produced by Australian Vietnamese Speakers. Heritage Language Journal 14(3), 224247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dean-Olmsted, E. M. 2012. Speaking Shami: Syrian Jewish Mexican Language Practices as Strategies of Integration and Legitimation (Publication No. 3509907). Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.Google Scholar
Del Valle, J. (ed.) 2007. La lengua, ¿patria común? Ideas e ideologías del español. Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana.Google Scholar
Demuro, E. and Gurney, L.. 2018. Mapping Language, Culture, Ideology: Rethinking Language in Foreign Language Instruction. Language and Intercultural Communication 18(3), 287299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DuBord, E. and Kimball, E.. 2016. Cross-language Community Engagement: Assessing the Strengths of Heritage Learners. Heritage Language Journal 13(3), 298330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duff, P. A. 2018. Case Study Research in Applied Linguistics. In Litosseliti, L. (ed.), Research Methods in Linguistics. London: Bloomsbury, 305330.Google Scholar
Duranti, A. 1997. Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, P. 2000. Linguistic Variation As Social Practice. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A. 1966. Language Loyalty in the United States: The Maintenance and Perpetuation of Non-English Mother Tongues by American Ethnic and Religious Groups. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A. 2001. 300-Plus Years of Heritage Language Education in the United States. In Peyton, J. K., Ranard, D. A., and McGinnis, S. (eds.), Heritage Languages in America: Preserving a National Resource. McHenry, IL: Center for Applied Linguistics, 8197.Google Scholar
Flores, C. 2010. The Effect of Age on Language Attrition: Evidence from Bilingual Returnees. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13(4), 533546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Sánchez, I. M. 2010. The Politics of Arabic Language Education: Moroccan Immigrant Children’s Language Socialization into Ethnic and Religious Identities. Linguistics and Education 21(3), 171196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goble, R. A. 2016. Linguistic Insecurity and Lack of Entitlement to Spanish among Third-generation Mexican Americans in Narrative Accounts. Heritage Language Journal 13(1), 2954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guardado, M. 2014. The Discourses of Heritage Language Development: Engaging Ideologies in Canadian Hispanic Communities. Heritage Language Journal 11(1), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gumperz, J. J. 1968. The Speech Community. In Sills, D. L. (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York: Macmillan, 381386.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Rivas, C. 2011a. Variación y cambio pragmático en el español de los cubanos en Miami: el efecto de la generación en el discurso bilingüe. In García, C. and Placencia, M. E. (eds.), Estudios de variación pragmática en español. Buenos Aires: Dunken, 167183.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez-Rivas, C. 2011b. El efecto del género en el discurso bilingüe. Un estudio sobre peticiones. Estudios de Lingüística Aplicada 54, 3759.Google Scholar
Guy, G. 2011. Language, Social Class, and Status. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 159185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harasta, J. 2017. ‘Because They Are Cornish’: Four Uses of a Useless Language. Heritage Language Journal 14, 248263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W. 2010. The Heart of Heritage: Sociocultural Dimensions of Heritage Language Learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30, 6682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hidalgo, M. 1993. The Dialectics of Language Maintenance and Language Loyalty in Chula Vista, CA: A Two-Generation Study. In Roca, A. and Lipski, J. M. (eds.), Spanish in the U.S.: Language Contact and Diversity. Berlin: Mouton, 4771.Google Scholar
Hill, J. 2008. The Everyday Language of White Racism. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaffe, A. 2007. Discourses of Endangerment: Contexts and Consequences of Essentializing Discourses. In Duchene, A. and Heller, M. (eds.), Discourses of Endangerment: Ideology and Interest in the Defence of Languages. London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 5775.Google Scholar
Johnson, E. J., Avineri, N., and Johnson, D. C.. 2017. Exposing Gaps in/between Discourses of Linguistic Deficits. International Multilingual Research Journal 11(1), 522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kagan, O. 2012. Intercultural Competence of Heritage Language Learners: Motivation, Identity, Language Attitudes, and the Curriculum. Proceedings of Second Intercultural Competence Conference 2, 7284.Google Scholar
Kang, Y. and Nagy, N.. 2016. VOT Merger in Heritage Korean in Toronto. Language Variation and Change 28(2), 249272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, K. A. 2000. Language Ideologies and Heritage Language Education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 3(3), 167184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschen, B. 2020. Intergenerational Transmission of Ladino: Three Generations of Speakers in the Twenty-First Century. Heritage Language Journal 17(1), 7091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirschen, B. 2015. Judeo-Spanish Encounters Modern Spanish: Language Contact and Diglossia among the Sephardim of Los Angeles and New York City. Doctoral dissertation, UCLA.Google Scholar
Kirschen, B. 2016. Diglossic Distribution among Judeo-Spanish-Speaking Sephardim in the United States. In Ross, S., Soomekh, S., and Ansell, L. (eds.), Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews in America: The Jewish Role in American Life. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2552.Google Scholar
Kirschen, B. 2019. Lexical Variation among South Florida’s Judeo-Spanish-speaking Sephardim. Journal of Jewish Languages 7(1), 5384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klee, C. and Caravedo, R.. 2019. Migration and Orders of Indexicality in Lima. In Lynch, A. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish in the Global City. London: Routledge, 176203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klein, W. 2013. Speaking Punjabi: Heritage Language Socialization and Language Ideologies in a Sikh Education Program. Heritage Language Journal 10(1), 3650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroskrity, P. V. 2004. Language Ideologies. In Duranti, A. (ed.), A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 496517.Google Scholar
Kupisch, T., Barton, D., Hailer, K., Klaschik, E., Stangen, I., Lein, T., and van de Weijer, J.. 2014. Foreign Accent in Adult Simultaneous Bilinguals. Heritage Language Journal 11(2), 123150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kurata, N. 2015. Motivational Selves of Japanese Heritage Speakers in Australia. Heritage Language Journal 12(2), 110131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Lakoff, R. 1975. Language and Woman’s Place. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Lambert, W. and Taylor, D.. 1996. Language in the Lives of Ethnic Minorities: Cuban American Families in Miami. Applied Linguistics 17(4), 477500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lantolf, J. P. 2000. Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lave, J. and Wenger, E.. 1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leap, W. 1996. Word’s Out: Gay Men’s English. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Lee, J. S. 2002. The Korean Language in America: The Role of Cultural Identity in Heritage Language Learning. Language, Culture, and Curriculum 15(2), 117133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeman, J. 2015. Heritage Language Education and Identity in the United States. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 35, 100119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeman, J. and Martínez, G.. 2007. From Identity to Commodity: Discourses of Spanish in Heritage Language Textbooks. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 4(1), 3565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeman, J., Rabin, L., and Román-Mendoza, E.. 2011. Critical Pedagogy beyond the Classroom Walls: Community Service-learning and Spanish Heritage Language Education. Heritage Language Journal 8(3), 481495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonard, W. Y. 2017. Producing Language Reclamation by Decolonising ‘Language’. In Leonard, W. Y. and De Korne, H. (eds.), Language Documentation and Description. London: EL Publishing, 1536.Google Scholar
Li, Q., Zhang, H., and Taguchi, N.. 2017). The Use of Mitigation Devices in Heritage Learners of Chinese. Heritage Language Journal 14(2), 150170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livia, A. and Hall, K. (eds.) 1997. Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lo, A. 2009. Lessons about Respect and Affect in a Korean Heritage Language School. Linguistics and Education 20(3), 217234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, A. 2009. A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Final /s/ in Miami Cuban Spanish. Language Sciences 31(6), 767790.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. 2017. The Social Diffusion of English-based Lexical Innovations in Miami Cuban Spanish. In Cuza, A. (ed.), Cuban Spanish Dialectology: Variation, Contact and Change. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 165187.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. 2018a. A Historical View of US Latinidad and Spanish as Heritage Language. In Potowski, K. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language. London: Routledge, 1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynch, A. 2018b. Spatial Reconfigurations of Spanish in Postmodernity: The Relationship to English and Minoritized Languages. In King, J. and Sessarego, S. (eds.), The Dynamics of Language Variation and Change: Varieties of Spanish across Space and Time. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1134.Google Scholar
Lynch, A. (ed.) 2019. The Routledge Handbook of Spanish in the Global City. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Łyskawa, P., Maddeaux, R., Melara, E., and Nagy, N.. 2016. Heritage Speakers Follow All the Rules: Language Contact and Convergence in Polish Devoicing. Heritage Language Journal 13(2), 219244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maloof, V. M., Rubin, D. L., and Miller, A. N.. 2006. Cultural Competence and Identity in Cross-Cultural Adaptation: The Role of a Vietnamese Heritage Language School. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 9(2), 255273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mar-Molinero, C. 2018. Language Issues for US-raised ‘Returnees’ in Mexico. In Potowski, K. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage Language. London: Routledge, 555567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melo-Pfeifer, S. 2015. The Role of the Family in Heritage Language Use and Learning: Impact on Heritage Language Policies. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 18(1), 2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2011. Spanish Heritage Speakers: Bridging Formal Linguistics, Psycholinguistics and Pedagogy. Heritage Language Journal 8(1), 16.Google Scholar
Montrul, S. 2015. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Moore, E. 2014. “You Are Children But You Can Always Say …”: Hypothetical Direct Reported Speech and Child–Parent Relationships in a Heritage Language Classroom. Text & Talk 34(5), 591621.Google Scholar
Moore, S. C., Fee, M., Ee, J., Wiley, T., Arias, M. B.. 2014. Exploring Bilingualism, Literacy, Employability and Income Levels among Latinos in the United States. In Callahan, R. and Gándara, P. (eds.), The Bilingual Advantage: Language, Literacy and the US Labor Market. Bristol: Multilingual Matters, 4576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, M. 2006. Speech Community. In Duranti, A. (ed.), A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 322.Google Scholar
Nagy, N. 2015. A Sociolinguistic View of Null Subjects and VOT in Toronto Heritage Languages. Lingua 164, 309327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, N. 2016. Heritage Languages as New Dialects. In Côté, M.-H., Knooihuizen, R., and Nerbonne, J. (eds.), The Future of Dialects: Selected Papers from Methods in Dialectology XV. Berlin: Language Science, 1534.Google Scholar
Nagy, N. 2018. Linguistic Attitudes and Contact Effects in Toronto’s Heritage Languages: A Variationist Sociolinguistic Investigation. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(4), 429446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norton Peirce, B. 1995. Social Identity, Investment, and Language Learning. TESOL Quarterly 29(1), 931.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nove, C. R. 2018. Social Predictors of Case Syncretism in New York Hasidic Yiddish. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 24(2), 8795.Google Scholar
O’Grady, W., Lee, O. S., and Lee, J. H.. 2011. Practical and Theoretical Issues in the Study of Heritage Language Acquisition. Heritage Language Journal 8(3), 315332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J. S. and Au, T. K.. 2005. Learning Spanish As a Heritage Language: The Role of Sociocultural Background Variables. Language, Culture and Curriculum 18(3), 229241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh, J. S. and Nash, B. A.. 2014. Attitudes and Motivations of Adult Spanish Language Learners: A Comparison of Heritage Language Learners and Second Language Learners. Heritage Language Journal 11(1), 2944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okubo, Y. 2010. Heritage: Owned or Assigned? The Cultural Politics of Teaching Heritage Language in Osaka, Japan. Critical Asian Studies 42(1), 111138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, L. 2020. The Study of Heritage Language Development from a Bilingualism and Social Justice Perspective. Language Learning 70(S1), 1553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, R. 2016. The Linguistic Competence of Second-Generation Bilinguals: A Critique of ‘Incomplete Acquisition’. In Tortora, C., den Dikken, M., Montoya, I., and O’Neill, T. (eds.), Romance Linguistics 2013. Selected papers from the 43rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 301319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pascual y Cabo, D. (ed.) 2016. Advances in Spanish as a Heritage Language. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pégram, S. 2005. Being Ourselves: Immigrant Culture and Self-identification among Young Haitians in Montreal. Ethnic Studies Review 28(1), 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peña, S. 2013. ¡Oye loca! From the Mariel Boatlift to Gay Cuban Miami. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2018. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. and Kagan, O.. 2007. Heritage Languages: In the ‘Wild’ and in the Classroom. Languages and Linguistics Compass 1(5), 368395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Potowski, K. 2016. Inter-Latino Language and Identity: MexiRicans. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preece, S. 2008. Multilingual Gendered Identities: Female Undergraduate Students in London Talk about Heritage Languages. Journal of Language, Identity & Education 7(1), 4160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pu, C. 2012. Community-based Heritage Language Schools: A Chinese Example. Kappa Delta Pi Record 48(1), 2934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, M. and Sánchez, L.. 2013. What’s So Incomplete about Incomplete Acquisition? A Prolegomenon to Modeling Heritage Language Grammars. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3(4), 478508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rao, R. 2015. Manifestations of /bdg/ in Heritage Speakers of Spanish. Heritage Language Journal 12(1), 4874.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roman, D., Pastor, A., and Basaraba, D.. 2019. Internal Linguistic Discrimination: A Survey of Bilingual Teachers’ Language Attitudes toward Their Heritage Students’ Spanish. Bilingual Research Journal 42(1), 630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronquest, R. 2016. Stylistic Variation in Heritage Spanish Vowel Production. Heritage Language Journal 13(2), 275297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosa, J. 2018. Looking Like a Language, Sounding Like a Race. Raciolinguistic Ideologies and the Learning of Latinidad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sánchez, R. 1983. Chicano Discourse. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Schilling, N. 2011. Language, Gender, and Sexuality. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 218237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, M., Nir, B., Leiken, M., Levie, R., and Ravid, D.. 2014. The Acquisition of Noun Plurals among Early Sequential Russian-Hebrew Speaking Bilinguals. Heritage Language Journal 11(2), 151185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seal, C. A. 2017. Positive and Negative Identity Practices in Heritage Language Education. International Journal of Multilingualism 15(4), 329348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shin, S. J. 2010. “What about Me? I’m Not Like Chinese but I’m Not Like American”: Heritage-Language Learning and Identity of Mixed-Heritage Adults. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 9(3), 203219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 1994. Language Contact and Change. Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 2014. Bilingual Language Acquisition: Spanish and English in the First Six Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverstein, M. 1998. Contemporary Transformations of Local Linguistic Communities. Annual Review of Anthropology 27, 401426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skura, S. and Dean-Olmsted, E. M.. 2018. Jewish Spanish in Mexico City and Buenos Aires. In Hary, B. and Benor, S. (eds.), Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, 383413.Google Scholar
Smith, L. 2008. Heritage, Gender and Identity. In Graham, B. and Howard, P. (eds.), The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity. Farnham: Ashgate, 159179.Google Scholar
Stanford, J. N. and Preston, D. (eds.) 2009. Variation in Indigenous Minority Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroud, C. and Heugh, K.. 2011. Language in Education. In Mesthrie, R. (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 413429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swain, M. 1985. Communicative Competence: Some Roles of Comprehensible Input and Comprehensible Output in Its Development. In Gass, S. and Madden, C. (eds.), Input in Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 235253.Google Scholar
Szecsi, T. and Szilagyi, J.. 2012. Immigrant Hungarian Families’ Perceptions of New Media Technologies in the Transmission of Heritage Language and Culture. Language, Culture and Curriculum 25(3), 265281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tamošiūnaitė, A. 2013. Lithuanian Saturday Schools in Chicago: Student Proficiency, Generational Shift, and Community Involvement. Heritage Language Journal 10(1), 108133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannenbaum, M. and Abugov, N.. 2010. The Legacy of the Linguistic Fence: Linguistic Patterns among Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Girls. Heritage Language Journal 7(1), 7490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomiyama, M. 2008. Age and Proficiency in L2 Attrition: Data from Two Siblings. Applied Linguistics 30(2), 253275.Google Scholar
Torres, L. 2016. Building a Translengua in Latina Lesbian Organizing. The Journal of Lesbian Studies 21(3), 272288.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. 1974. The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Urciuoli, B. 1996. Exposing Prejudice: Puerto Rican Experiences of Language, Race, and Class. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Urciuoli, B. 2008. Whose Spanish? The Tension between Linguistic Correctness and Cultural Identity. In Niño-Murcia, M. and Rothman, J. (eds.), Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads with other Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 257277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valdés, G. 1978. A Comprehensive Approach to the Teaching of Spanish to Bilingual Spanish-Speaking Students. Modern Language Journal 62(3), 102110.Google Scholar
Valdés, G. and Geoffrion-Vinci, M.. 1998. Chicano Spanish: The Problem of the ‘Underdeveloped’ Code in Bilingual Repertoires. Modern Language Journal 82(4), 473501.Google Scholar
Vilar Sánchez, K. 2003. La remigración en la adolescencia. Aspectos sociolingüísticos, psicológicos y sociolaborales. Granada: Editorial Universidad de Granada.Google Scholar
Villa, D. and Rivera-Mills, S.. 2009. An Integrated Multi-generational Model for Language Maintenance and Shift: The Case of Spanish in the Southwest. Spanish in Context 6(1), 2642.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weekly, R. 2018. Attitudes, beliefs and responsibility for heritage language maintenance in the UK. Current Issues in Language Planning. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2018.1554324CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, U. 1953. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. New York: Linguistic Circle of New York.Google Scholar
Willoughby, L. 2014. Meeting the Challenges of Heritage Language Education: Lessons from One School Community. Current Issue in Language Planning 15(3), 265281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolard, K. A. and Schieffelin, B. B.. 1994. Language Ideology. Annual Review of Anthropology 23(1), 5582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yazan, B. and Ali, I.. 2018. Family Language Policies in a Libyan Immigrant Family in the U.S.: Language and Religious Identity. Heritage Language Journal 15(3), 369388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeh, Y. C., Ho, H. J., and Chen, M. C.. 2015. Learning Vietnamese as a Heritage Language in Taiwan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 36(3), 255265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zentella, A. C. 1995. The “Chiquita-fication” of U.S. Latinos and Their Languages, or Why We Need an Anthro-political Linguistics. SALSA III: The Proceedings of the Symposium about Language and Society at Austin (1–18). Austin, TX: Department of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Zentella, A. C. 1997. Growing Up Bilingual. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Zentella, A. C. 2014. TWB (Talking While Bilingual): Linguistic Profiling of Latin@s, and other Linguistic Torquemadas. Latino Studies 12(4), 620635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zéphir, F. 1997. The Social Value of French for Bilingual Haitian Immigrants. The French Review 70(3), 395406.Google Scholar
Zhang, D. 2012. Co-ethnic Network, Social Class, and Heritage Language Maintenance among Chinese Immigrant Families. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education 11(3), 200223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Albirini, A. and Benmamoun, E.. 2015. Factors Affecting the Retention of Sentential Negation in Heritage Egyptian Arabic. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 18(3), 470489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arslan, S., Bastiaanse, R., and Felser, C.. 2015. Looking at Evidence in Visual World: Eye-movements Reveal How Bilingual and Monolingual Turkish Speakers Process Grammatical Evidentiality. Frontiers in Psychology 6, Art. 1387. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01387CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basnight-Brown, D. M. and Altarriba, J.. 2007. Differences in Semantic and Translation Priming across Languages: The Role of Language Direction and Language Dominance. Memory and Cognition 35(5), 953965.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers: Opportunities and Challenges for Linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics 46, 129181.Google Scholar
Bianchi, J. 2013. Gender in Italian-German Bilinguals: A comparison with German L2 Learners of Italian. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16(3), 538557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canseco-González, E., Brehm, L., Brick, C. A., Brown-Schmidt, S., Fischer, K., Wagner, K.. 2010. Carpet or Cárcel: The Effect of Age of Acquisition and Language Mode on Bilingual Lexical Access. Language and Cognitive Processes 25(5), 669705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B. 2016. Bilingual Perceptual Benefits of Experience with a Heritage Language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19(4), 791809.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. B., Haynes, E. F., Yao, Y., and Rhodes, R.. 2009. A Tale of Five Fricatives: Consonantal Contrast in Heritage Speakers of Mandarin. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 15, 3743.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B., Haynes, E. F., Yao, Y., and Rhodes, R.. 2010. The Phonetic Space of Phonological Categories in Heritage Speakers of Mandarin. In Bane, M., Bueno, J., Grano, T., Grotberg, A., and McNabb, Y. (eds.), Proceedings from the 44th Annual Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: The Main Session. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, 3145.Google Scholar
Chang, C. B., Haynes, E. F., Yao, Y., and Rhodes, R.. 2011. Production of Phonetic and Phonological Contrast by Heritage Speakers of Mandarin. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129(6), 39643980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chung, E. S. 2018. Second and Heritage Language Acquisition of Korean Case Drop. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 21(1), 6379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clahsen, H., Felser, C., Neubauer, K., Sato, M., and Silva, R.. 2010. Morphological Structure in Native and Nonnative Language Processing. Language Learning 60, 2143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunnings, I. 2017. Parsing and Working Memory in Bilingual Sentence Processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(4), 659678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cuza, A. 2012. Cross-Linguistic Influence at the Syntax Proper: Interrogative Subject-Verb Inversion in Heritage Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 17(1), 7196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, C., Sánchez-Casas, R., Garcia-Albea, J. E., Guasch, M., Molero, M., and Ferré, P.. 2010. Masked Translation Priming: Varying Language Experience and Word Type with Spanish–English Bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13(2), 137155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dragoy, O., Virfel, E., Yurchenko, A., and Bastiaanse, R.. 2019. Aspect and Tense Attrition in Russian-German Bilingual Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 23(1), 275295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dussias, P. E. 2003. Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution in Second Language Learners: Some Effects of Bilinguality on L1 and L2 Processing Strategies. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 25, 529557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dussias, P. E. and Sagarra, N.. 2007. The Effect of Exposure on Parsing in Spanish-English Bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10, 101116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazier, L. and Fodor, J. D.. 1978. The Sausage Machine: A New Two-Stage Parsing Model. Cognition 6(4), 291325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuda, S. 2017. Floating Numeral Quantifiers as an Unaccusative Diagnostic in Native, Heritage, and L2 Japanese Speakers. Language Acquisition 24(3), 169208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godson, L. 2004. Vowel Production in the Speech of Western Armenian Heritage Speakers. Heritage Language Journal 2, 4469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., Cera, C., and Sandoval, T. C.. 2008. More Use Almost Always Means a Smaller Frequency Effect: Aging, Bilingualism, and the Weaker Links Hypothesis. Journal of Memory and Language 58, 787814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gollan, T. H., Schotter, E. R., Gomez, J., Murillo, M., and Rayner, K.. 2014. Multiple Levels of Bilingual Language Control: Evidence from Language Intrusions in Reading Aloud. Psychological Science 25, 585595.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gor, K. 2014. Raspberry, Not a Car: Context Predictability and a Phonological Advantage in Early and Late Learners’ Processing of Speech in Noise. Frontiers in Psychology 5, Art. 1449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gor, K. 2018. Yes to the King, and No To the ship: Heritage Speakers Differ from Late Second Language Learners in Word Recognition. In Kresin, S. and Baukus, S. (eds.), Connecting across Languages and Cultures: A Heritage Language Festschrift in Honor of Olga Kagan. Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 163172.Google Scholar
Gor, K. and Cook, S.. 2010. Nonnative Processing of Verbal Morphology: In Search of Regularity. Language Learning 60(1), 88126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gor, K., Chrabaszcz, A., and Cook, S.. 2018. Early and Late Learners Decompose Inflected Nouns, but Can They Tell Which Ones Are Inflected Correctly? Journal of Second Language Studies 1, 113147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gor, K., Chrabaszcz, A., and Cook, S.. 2019. A Case for Agreement: Processing of Case Inflection by Early and Late Learners. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 9(1), 641.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinstead, J. 2010. Linguistic Interfaces and Child Spanish. In Domínguez, L. and Guijarro-Fuentes, P. (eds.), Proceedings of the Romance Turn 3. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 189218.Google Scholar
Hoot, B. 2017. Narrow Presentational Focus in Heritage Spanish and the Syntax–Discourse Interface. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, 6395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoot, B. 2019. Focus in Heritage Hungarian. Language Acquisition 26(1), 4672.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopp, H. 2017. Individual Differences in L2 Parsing and Lexical Representations. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(4), 689690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hrycyna, M., Lapinskaya, N., Kochetoz, A., and Nagy, N.. 2011. VOT Drift in 3 Generations of Heritage Language Speakers in Toronto. Canadian Acoustics 39, 166167.Google Scholar
Hulsen, M. 2000. Language Loss and Language Processing: Three Generations of Dutch Migrants in New Zealand. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Jacob, G. and Kirkici, B.. 2016. The Processing of Morphologically Complex Words in a Specific Speaker Group: A Masked-priming Study with Turkish Heritage Speakers. The Mental Lexicon 11(2), 308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jacob, G., Safak, D. F., Demir, O., and Kikici, B.. 2019. Preserved Morphological Processing in Heritage Speakers: A Masked Priming Study on Turkish. Second Language Research 35(2), 173194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegerski, J. 2018a. Psycholinguistic Perspectives on Spanish as a Heritage Language. In Potowski, K. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Spanish as a Heritage/Minority Language. New York: Routledge, 221234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegerski, J. 2018b. The Processing of the Object Marker a by Heritage Spanish Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(6), 585602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegerski, J. 2018c. Sentence Processing in Spanish as a Heritage Language: Relative Clause Attachment in Early Bilinguals. Language Learning 68(3), 598634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegerski, J. and Keating, G. D.. 2018, October. Processing Difficulty in Heritage Bilingual Sentence Comprehension: A Comparison of Self-Paced Reading and Eyetracking. Paper presented at the Bilingualism Forum, University of Illinois at Chicago.Google Scholar
Jegerski, J. and VanPatten, B. (eds.) 2014. Research Methods in Second Language Psycholinguistics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jegerski, J. and Sekerina, I. A.. 2020. The Processing of Input with Differential Object Marking by Heritage Spanish Speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23(2), 274282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jegerski, J., Keating, G. D., and VanPatten, B.. 2016. On-line Relative Clause Attachment Strategy in Heritage Speakers of Spanish. International Journal of Bilingualism 20(3), 254268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaan, E. 2014. Predictive Sentence Processing in L2 and L2. What Is Different? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, 257282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, G. D. and Jegerski, J.. 2015. Experimental Designs in Sentence Processing Research: A Methodological Review and User’s Guide. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 37(1), 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keating, G. D., Jegerski, J., and VanPatten, B.. 2016. Online Processing of Subject Pronouns in Monolingual and Heritage Bilingual Speakers of Mexican Spanish. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19(1), 3649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, B. and Goodall, G.. 2016. Islands and Non-islands in Native and Heritage Korean. Frontiers in Psychology 7, Art. 134. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00134CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J.-Y. 2015. Perception and Production of Spanish Lexical Stress by Spanish Heritage Speakers and English L2 Learners of Spanish, In Willis, E., Martín Butragueño, P., and Herrera Zendejas, E. (eds.), Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Laboratory Approaches to Romance Phonology. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 106128.Google Scholar
Kim, J.-H., Montrul, S., and Yoon, J.. 2009. Binding Interpretation of Anaphors by Korean Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 16, 335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuperberg, G. R. and Jaeger, T. F.. 2016. What Do We Mean by Prediction in Language Comprehension? Language, Cognition and Neuroscience 31(1), 3259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kupisch, T., Belikova, A., Özçelik, Ö., Stangen, I., and White, L.. 2017. Restrictions on Definiteness in the Grammars of German-Turkish Heritage Speakers. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laleko, O. 2011. Restructuring of Verbal Aspect in Heritage Russian: Beyond Lexicalization. International Journal of Language Studies 5(3), 1326.Google Scholar
Laleko, O. 2018. What Is Difficult about Grammatical Gender? Evidence from Heritage Russian. Journal of Language Contact 11, 233267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, T. 2011. Grammatical Knowledge of Korean Heritage Speakers. Early vs. Late Bilinguals. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1, 149174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lukyanchenko, A. and Gor, K.. 2011. Perceptual Correlates of Phonological Representations in Heritage Speakers and L2 Learners. In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 414426.Google Scholar
Marslen-Wilson, W. 2007. Morphological Processes in Language Comprehension. In Gaskell, G. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 175193.Google Scholar
Mikhaylova, A. 2018. Morphological Bottleneck: The Case of Russian Heritage Speakers. Journal of Language Contact 11, 268303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momma, S. and Phillips, C.. 2018. The Relationship between Parsing and Generation. Annual Review of Linguistics 4, 233254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2011. Morphological Errors in Spanish Second Language Learners and Heritage Speakers. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33(2), 155161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2016. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S, and Bowles, M.. 2009. Back to Basics: Differential Object Marking under Incomplete Acquisition in Spanish Heritage Speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12(4), 363383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. and Foote, R.. 2014. Age of Acquisition Interactions in Bilingual Lexical Access: A Study of the Weaker Language of L2 Learners and Heritage Speakers. The International Journal of Bilingualism 18(3), 274303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. and Ionin, T.. 2012. Dominant Language Transfer in Spanish Heritage Speakers and L2 Learners in the Interpretation of Definite Articles. The Modern Language Journal 96(1), 7094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Bhatia, A., Bhatt, R., and Puri, V.. 2019. Case Marking in Hindi as a Weaker Language. Frontiers in Psychology 10, Art. 461. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Davidson, J., de la Fuente, I., and Foote, R.. 2014. Early Language Experience Facilitates Gender Agreement Processing in Spanish Heritage Speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 17(1), 118138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Schafer, A., Perla, J., Lee, O.-S., and Wieting, J.. 2009. A Psycholinguistic Tool for the Assessment of Language Loss: The HALA Project. Language Documentation and Conservation 3, 100112.Google Scholar
O'Grady, W., Kwak, H.-Y., Lee, O.-S., and Lee, M.. 2011. An Emergentist Perspective on Heritage Language Acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, 223245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orfitelly, R. and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Is It All Processing All the Way Down? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3(3), 335340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereltsvaig, A. 2005. Aspect Lost, Aspect Regained. Restructuring of Aspectual Marking in American Russian. In Kempchinsky, P. and Slabakova, R. (eds.), Aspectual Inquiries. Berlin: Springer, 369395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pickering, M. J. and Gambi, C.. 2018. Predicting While Comprehending Language: A Theory and Review. Psychological Bulletin 144(10), 10021044.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Polinsky, M. 2008. Russian Gender under Incomplete Acquisition. Heritage Language Journal 6(1), 4071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2011. Reanalysis in Adult Heritage Language. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33, 305328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2018. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. and Kagan, O.. 2007. Heritage Languages: In the ‘Wild’ and in the Classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass 1(5), 368395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. and Scontras, G.. 2020. Understanding Heritage Languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 23, 420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronai, E. 2018. Quantifier Scope in Heritage Bilinguals: A Comparative Experimental Study. In Hucklebidge, S. and Nelson, M. (eds.), NELS 48: Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the North East Linguistic Society. Vol. 2. 2938. GLSA, 29–38.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Polinsky, M., Tsai, C.-Y. E., and Mai, K.. 2017. Cross-Linguistic Scope Ambiguity: When Two Systems Meet. Glossa 2(1), 36, 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekerina, I. A. and Sauermann, A.. 2015. Visual Attention and Quantifier-Spreading in Heritage Russian Bilinguals. Second Language Research 31(1), 75104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekerina, I. A. and Trueswell, J. C.. 2011. Processing of Contrastiveness by Heritage Russian Bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14(3), 280300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sekerina, I. A., Fernández, E. M., and Clahsen, H. (eds.) 2008. Developmental Psycholinguistics: Online Methods in Children’s Language Processing. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sherkina-Lieber, M. 2015. Tense, Aspect, and Agreement in Heritage Labrador Inuttitut. Do Receptive Bilinguals Understand Functional Morphology? Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5(1), 3061.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silverberg, S. and Samuel, A. G.. 2004. The Effect of Age of Second Language Acquisition on the Representation and Processing of Second Language Words. Journal of Memory and Language 51, 381398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, L. 2011. Second Language Acquisition at the Interfaces. Lingua 121, 577590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Aalberse, S. and Moro, F. R.. 2014. Stability in Chinese and Malay Heritage Languages as a Source of Divergence. In Braunmüller, Kurt, Höder, Steffen, and Kühl, Karoline (eds.), Stability and Divergence in Language Contact. Factors and Mechanisms. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 141161.Google Scholar
Aalberse, S., Backus, A., and Myusken, P.. 2019. Heritage Languages: A Language Contact Approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abel, J. and Babel, M.. 2017. Cognitive Load Reduces Perceived Linguistic Convergence between Dyads. Language and Speech 60(3), 479502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adamou, E. 2013. Replicating Spanish estar in Mexican Romani. Linguistics 51(6), 10751105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avineri, N. 2017. Contested Stance Practices in Secular Yiddish Metalinguistic Communities: Negotiating Closeness and Distance. Journal of Jewish Languages 5(2), 174199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babel, A. (ed.) 2016. Awareness and Control in Sociolinguistic Research. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babel, A. 2018. Between the Andes and the Amazon: Language and Social Meaning in Bolivia. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Backus, A. 2014. Towards a Usage-Based Account of Language Change: Implications of Contact Linguistics for Linguistic Theory. In Nicolaï, Robert (ed.), Questioning Language Contact. Leiden: Brill, 91118.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers: Opportunities and Challenges for Linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics 39(3–4), 129181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruyn, A. 2009. Grammaticalization in Creoles: Ordinary and Not-so-ordinary Cases. Studies in Language 33(2), 312337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J. 2010. Language, Usage and Cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bybee, J., Perkins, R., and Pagliuca, W.. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Croft, W. 2000. Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. Harlow: Longman.Google Scholar
D’Alessandro, R. 2015. Null Subjects. In Fábregas, Antonio, Mateu, Jaume, and Putnam, Michael (eds.), Contemporary Linguistic Parameters. London: Bloomsbury Press, 201226.Google Scholar
Dahl, O. 2004. The Growth and Maintenance of Linguistic Complexity. Amsterdam: Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doğruöz, A. S. and Backus, A.. 2009. Innovative Constructions in Dutch Turkish: An Assessment of Ongoing Contact-induced Change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12(1), 4163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erker, D. 2017. The Limits of Named Language Varieties and the Role of Social Salience in Dialectal Contact: The Case of Spanish in the United States. Language and Linguistics Compass 11(1), 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J. A. 2004. Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T.. 2005. Language Contact and Grammatical Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T.. 2010. Contact and Grammaticalization in Hickey, Raymond (ed.), The Handbook of Language Contact. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 86105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, M. F., and Walker, J. 2010. Ethnolects and the city: Ethnic orientation and linguistic variation in Toronto English. Language variation and change 22 (1), 3767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopper, P. J. and Traugott, E. C.. 2003. Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irizarri von Schulten, P. 2016. Spanish as a Heritage Language in the Netherlands: A Cognitive Linguistic Exploration. PhD dissertation, Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Irvine, J. and Gal, S.. 2000. Language Ideology and Linguistic Differentiation. In Kroskrity, P. V. (ed.), Regimes of Language: Ideologies, Polities, and Identities. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 3583.Google Scholar
Jacob, G., Safak, D. F., Demir, O., and Kirkici, B.. 2019. Preserved Morphological Processing in Heritage Speakers: A Masked Priming Study on Turkish. Second Language Research 35(2), 173194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johannessen, J. B. and Larsson, I.. 2015. Complexity Matters: On Gender Agreement in Heritage Scandinavian. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johannessen, J. B. and Larsson, I.. 2018. Stability and Change in Grammatical Gender: Pronouns in Heritage Scandinavian. Journal of Language Contact 11(3), 441480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswill, P. and Williams, A.. 2002. “Salience” as an Explanatory Factor in Language Change: Evidence from Dialect Levelling in Urban England. In Jones, M. and Esch, E. (eds.), Language Change: The Interplay of Internal, External and Extra-linguistic Factors. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 81110.Google Scholar
Kim, J. Y. 2019. Discrepancy between Heritage Speakers’ Use of Suprasegmental Cues in the Perception and Production of Spanish Lexical Stress. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J. and Doedens, W. J.. 2016. How Multiple Sources of Experience Influence Bilingual Syntactic Choice: Immediate and Cumulative Cross-language Effects of Structural Priming, Verb Bias, and Language Dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19(4), 710732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kootstra, G. J. and Muysken, P.. 2017. Cross-Linguistic Priming in Bilinguals: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Language Processing, Acquisition, and Change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(2), 215218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroskrity, P. V. 2004. Language Ideologies. In Duranti, A. (ed.), A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 496517.Google Scholar
Kupisch, T. and Rothman, J.. 2018. Terminology Matters! Why Difference Is Not Incompleteness and How Early Child Bilinguals Are Heritage Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(5): 564582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kupisch, T., Akpinar, D., and Stöhr, A.. 2013. Gender Assignment and Gender Agreement in Adult Bilinguals and Second Language Learners of French. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3(2), 150179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusters, W. 2003. Linguistic Complexity, the Influence of Social Change on Verbal Inflection. Leiden: Leiden University Press.Google Scholar
Laleko, O. 2018. What Is Difficult about Grammatical Gender? Evidence from Heritage Russian. Journal of Language Contact 11(2), 233267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levon, E. and Buchstaller, I.. 2015. Perception, Cognition, and Linguistic Structure: The Effect of Linguistic Modularity and Cognitive Style on Sociolinguistic Processing. Language Variation and Change 27(3), 319348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lively, S., Pisoni, D., Summers, V., and Bernacki, R.. 1993. Effects of Cognitive Workload on Speech Production: Acoustic Analyses and Perceptual Consequences. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93(5), 29622973.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loebell, H. and Bock, K.. 2003. Structural Priming across Languages. Linguistics 41(5), 791824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lohndal, T. and Westergaard, M.. 2016. Grammatical Gender in American Norwegian Heritage Language: Stability or Attrition? Frontiers in Psychology 7, 344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Matthews, S. and Yip, V.. 2009. Contact-induced Grammaticalization: Evidence from Bilingual Acquisition. Studies in Language 33(2), 366395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matras, Y. 2009. Language Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matras, Y. and Sakel, J.. 2007. Investigating the Mechanisms of Pattern Replication in Language Convergence. Studies in Language 31(4), 829865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayr, R., Morris, J., Mennen, I., and Williams, R.. 2017. Disentangling the Effects of Long-term Language Contact and Individual Bilingualism: The Case of Monophthongs in Welsh and English. International Journal of Bilingualism 21(3), 245267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McWhorter, J. 2001. The World’s Simplest Grammars Are Creole Grammars. Linguistic Typology 5(2–3), 125166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miestamo, M. 2008. Grammatical Complexity in a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. In Miestamo, M., Sinnemäki, K., and Karlsson, F. (eds.), Language Complexity: Typology, Contact, Change. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2004. Subject and Object Expression in Spanish Heritage Speakers: A Case of Morphosyntactic Convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7(2), 125142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2008. Incomplete Acquisition in Bilingualism: Re-examining the Age Factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2009. Knowledge of Tense-Aspect and Mood in Spanish Heritage Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 13(2), 239269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2016. The Acquisition of Heritage Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. 2018. Heritage Language Development: Connecting the Dots. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(5), 530546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. and Perpiñán, S.. 2011. Assessing Differences and Similarities between Instructed Heritage Language Learners and L2 Learners in Their Knowledge of Spanish Tense-Aspect and Mood (TAM) Morphology. Heritage Language Journal 8(1), 90133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S. and Sánchez-Walker, N.. 2013. Differential Object Marking in Child and Adult Spanish Heritage Speakers. Language Acquisition 20(2), 109132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., Foote, R., and Perpiñán, S.. 2008. Gender Agreement in Adult Second Language Learners and Spanish Heritage Speakers: The Effects of Age and Context of Acquisition. Language Learning 58(3), 503553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Montrul, S., de la Fuenta, I., Davidson, J., and Foote, R.. 2013. The Role of Experience in the Acquisition and Production of Diminutives and Gender in Spanish: Evidence from L2 Learners and Heritage Speakers. Second Language Research 29(1), 87118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moro, F. R. 2017. Aspectual Distinctions in Dutch-Ambon Malay Bilingual Heritage Speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 21(2), 178193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moro, F. R. 2018. Divergence in Heritage Ambon Malay in the Netherlands: The Role of Social-Psychological Factors. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(4), 395411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagy, N. 2018. Linguistic Attitudes and Contact Effects in Toronto’s Heritage Languages: A Variationist Sociolinguistic Investigation. International Journal of Bilingualism 22(4), 429446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nance, C. 2020. Bilingual Language Exposure and the Peer Group: Acquiring Phonetics and Phonology in Gaelic Medium Education. International Journal of Bilingualism 24(2), 360375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Grady, W., Kwak, H-Y., Lee, O.-S., and Lee, M.. 2011. An Emergentist Perspective on Heritage Language Acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 33(2), 223245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, R. 2016. The Linguistic Competence of Second-Generation Bilinguals: A Critique of “Incomplete Acquisition.” In Tortora, C., den Dikken, M., Montoya, I., and O'Neill, T. (eds.), Romance Linguistics 2013: Selected Papers from the 43rd Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 301329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otheguy, R. and Zentella, A. C.. 2012. Spanish in New York: Language Contact, Dialectal Leveling, and Structural Continuity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2008. Russian Gender under Incomplete Acquisition. The Heritage Language Journal 6(1), 4071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polinsky, M. 2018. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. and Levey, S.. 2010. Contact-Induced Grammatical Change: A Cautionary Tale. In Auer, Peter and Enrich Schmidt, Jürgen (eds.), Language and Space – An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation: Volume 1 – Theories and Methods. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 391419.Google Scholar
Preston, D. 2004. Three Kinds of Sociolinguistics: A Psycholinguistic Perspective. In Fought, C. (ed.), Sociolinguistic Variation: Critical Reflections. New York: Oxford University Press, 140158.Google Scholar
Putnam, M. T. and Sánchez, L.. 2013. What’s So Incomplete about Incomplete Acquisition?: A Prolegomenon to Modeling Heritage Language Grammars. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 3(4), 478508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rácz, P. 2013. Salience in Sociolinguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rakhilina, E., Vryenkova, A., and Polinsky, M.. 2016. Linguistic Creativity in Heritage Speakers. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics 1(1), 129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rehbein, J. and Karakoç, B.. 2004. On Contact-induced Change of Turkish Aspects: Languaging in Bilingual Discourse. In Dabelsteen, Christine and Jogersen, Normann (eds.), Languaging and Language Practices (Copenhagen Studies in Bilingualism 36). Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, 125149.Google Scholar
Rodina, Y. and Westergaard, M.. 2017. Grammatical Gender in Bilingual Norwegian-Russian Acquisition: The Role of Input and Transparency. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 20(1), 197214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. 2017. Reexamining Differential Object Marking as a Linguistic Contact-phenomenon in Gernika Basque. Journal of Language Contact 10(2), 318352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. 2019. The Role of Linguistic Ideologies in Language Contact Situations. Language and Linguistic Compass: e12351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. (2021). The Role of Social Meaning in Contact-Induced Variation among New Speakers of Basque. Journal of Sociolinguistics [Online first].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez-Ordóñez, I. and Sainzmaza-Lacanda, L.. 2018. Bilingualism Effects in Basque Subject Pronoun Expression: Evidence from L2 Basque. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 8(5), 523560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. 2002. Linguistic Outcomes of Language Contact. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter, and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.), Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell, 338368.Google Scholar
Schmid, M. and Köpke, B.. 2017. The Relevance of First Language Attrition To Theories of Bilingual Development. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 7(6), 637667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwenter, S. 2014. Two Kinds of Differential Object Marking in Portuguese and Spanish. In Amaral, P. and Carvalho, A. M. (eds.), Portuguese–Spanish Interfaces: Diachrony, Synchrony and Contact. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 237260.Google Scholar
Scontras, G., Fuchs, M., and Polinsky, M.. 2015. Heritage Language and Linguistic Theory. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1545.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, D. and Sankaran, L.. 2011. Cognitive and Social Forces in Dialect Shift: Gradual Change in London Asian Speech. Language Variation and Change 23(3), 399428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shin, N. 2014. Grammatical Complexification in Spanish in New York: 3sg Pronoun Expression and Verbal Morphology. Language Variation and Change 26(3), 303330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Showstack, R. 2017. Stancetaking and Language Ideologies in Heritage Language Learner Classroom Discourse. Journal of Language, Identity and Education 16(5), 271294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siegel, J. 2008. The Emergence of Pidgins and Creole Languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 1986. Bilingualism and Language Change: The Extension of estar in Los Angeles Spanish. Language 62, 587608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 1994. Language Contact and Change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 2008. The Limits of Convergence in Language Contact. Journal of Language Contact 2(1), 213224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva-Corvalán, C. 2014. Bilingual Language Acquisition Spanish and English in the First Six Years (Cambridge Approaches to Language Contact). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sodaci, H., Backus, A., and Kootstra, G. J.. 2019. Role of Structural Priming in Contact-Induced Change: Subject Pronoun Expression in L1 Turkish by Turkish-Dutch Bilinguals. PsyArchiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2uxejCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorace, A. 2011. Pinning Down the Concept of “Interface” in Bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1(1), 134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szeto, P. Y., Matthews, S., and Yip, V.. 2017. Multiple Correspondence and Typological Convergence in Contact-Induced Grammaticalization: Evidence from Cantonese-English Bilingual Development. Journal of Language Contact 10(3), 485518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomason, S. G. 2001. Language Contact: An Introduction. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Thomason, S. G. and Kaufman, T.. 1988. Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomasello, M. 2008. Origins of Human Communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres-Cacoullos, R. 2000. Grammaticization, Synchronic Variation, and Language Contact. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres-Cacoullos, R. and Travis, C.. 2018. Bilingualism in the Community: Code-switching and Grammars in Contact. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, Peter. 2011. Sociolinguistic Typology: Social Determinants of Linguistic Complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Valdés, G. 2000. Introduction. Spanish for Native Speakers, Volume I. AATSP Professional Development Series Handbook for teachers K-16. New York: Harcourt College, 120.Google Scholar
Vergara-Wilson, D. and Dumont, J.. 2015. The Emergent Grammar of Bilinguals: The Spanish Verb hacer ‘do’ with a Bare English Infinitive. International Journal of Bilingualism 19(4), 444458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, U. 1953. Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Yager, L., Hellmold, N., Joo, H-A., Putnam, M., Rossi, E., Stafford, C., and Salmons, J.. 2015. New Structural Patterns in Moribund Grammar: Case Marking in Heritage German. Frontiers in Psychology 6, 1716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zenner, E., Backus, A., and Winter-Froemel, E. (eds.) 2019. Cognitive Contact Linguistics: Placing Usage, Meaning and Mind at the Core of Contact-Induced Variation and Change. Berlin: DeGruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zyzik, E. 2019. Creativity and Conventionality in Heritage Speaker Bilingualism. Language Learning 70(1), 157187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Atkinson, P. and Hammersley, M.. 1994. Ethnography and Participant Observation. In Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S. (eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 248261.Google Scholar
Avineri, N. 2014. Yiddish: A Jewish Language in the Diaspora. In Wiley, T., Kreeft-Peyton, J., Christian, D., Moore, S. K., and Liu, N. (eds.), Handbook of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages in the United States: Research, Educational Practice, and Policy. New York: Routledge, 263271.Google Scholar
Bailey, K. 1980. An Introspective Analysis of an Individual’s Language Learning Experience. In Scarcella, R. and Krashen, S. (eds.), Research on Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 5865.Google Scholar
Barkhuizen, G. 2015. Narrative Knowledging in Second Language Teaching and Learning Contexts. In De Fina, A. and Georgakopoulou, A. (eds.), The Handbook of Narrative Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 97115.Google Scholar
Barkhuizen, G., Benson, P., and Chik, A.. 2013. Narrative Inquiry in Language Teaching and Learning Research. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, S. 1988. Becoming a Political Woman: The Reconstruction and Interpretation of Experience through Stories. In Todd, A. D. and Fisher, S. (eds.), Gender and Discourse: The Power of Talk. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 97123.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Silvina, M., and Polinsky, M.. 2013. Heritage Languages and Their Speakers: Opportunities and Challenges for Linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics 39(3–4), 129181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, P. 2014. Narrative Inquiry in Applied Linguistics Research. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 34, 154170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackledge, A. and Creese, A.. 2008. Contesting ‘Language’ as ‘Heritage’: Negotiation of Identities in Late Modernity. Applied Linguistics 29(4), 533554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blommaert, J. 2010. The Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, C. 1986. Learning How to Ask. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruner, J. 1991. The Narrative Construction of Reality. Critical Inquiry 18(1), 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canagarajah, S. 2013. Reconstructing Heritage Language: Resolving Dilemmas in Language Maintenance for Sri Lankan Tamil Migrants. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 222, 131155.Google Scholar
Cazden, C. B. 1988. Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.Google Scholar
Choi, J. 2017. Creating a Multivocal Self: Autoethnography as Method. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Copland, F. and Creese, A., with Rock, F. and Shaw, S. E.. 2015 Linguistic Ethnography: Collecting, Analysing and Presenting Data. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Creswell, J. W. 2013. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design. Los Angeles: Sage.Google Scholar
Daiute, C. and Lightfoot, C. (eds.) 2004. Narrative Analysis: Studying the Development of Individuals in Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Beaugrande, R. 1982. The Story of Grammars and the Grammar of Stories. Journal of Pragmatics 6(5–6), 383422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fina, A. 2007. Code-switching and the Construction of Ethnic Identity in a Community of Practice. Language in Society 36, 371392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Fina, A. and Georgakopoulou, A. (eds.) 2015. The Handbook of Narrative Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denzin, N. K. 1989. Interpretive Biography. Newbury Park: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dörnyei, Z. 2005. The Psychology of the Language Learner: Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Duff, P. 2021. Ethnographic Research in Applied Linguistics: Exploring Language Teaching, Learning, and Use in Diverse Communities. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Duff, P., Anderson, T., Ilnyckyj, R., van Gaya, E., Wang, R. T., and Yates, E.. 2013. Learning Chinese. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duranti, A., Ochs, E., and Schieffelin, B. (eds.) 2011. The Handbook of Language Socialization. Oxford: Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fader, A. 2009. Mitzvah Girls. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fader, A. 2011. Language Socialization and Morality. In Duranti, A., Ochs, E., and Schieffelin, B. (eds.), The Handbook of Language Socialization. Oxford: Blackwell, 321340.Google Scholar
Fillmore, C. J. 1982. Towards a Descriptive Framework for Spatial Deixis. In Jarvella, R. J. and Klein, W. (eds.), Speech, Place and Action: Studies in Deixis and Related Topics. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 3159.Google Scholar
Fishman, J. A. 1991. Reversing Language Shift: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations of Assistance to Threatened Languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. 1990. The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gal, S. 1979. Language Shift: Social Determinants of Linguistic Change in Bilingual Australia. San Francisco: Academic Press.Google Scholar
García, O., Zakharia, Z., and Otcu, B. (eds.) 2012. Bilingual Community Education and Multilingualism: Beyond Heritage Languages in a Global City. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, R. C. 1985. Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Gumperz, J. 1982. Discourse Strategies. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W. 2006. Toward an Identity-based Model for the Development of Chinese As a Heritage Language. The Heritage Language Journal 4(1), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W. 2010. The Heart of Heritage: Sociocultural Dimensions of Heritage Language Learning. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 30, 6682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W. 2011. Heritage Language Socialization. In Duranti, A., Ochs, E., and Schieffelin, B. (eds.), The Handbook of Language Socialization. Oxford: Blackwell, 587609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, A. W. 2013a. Language of the Heart and Heritage: A Tangled Tale. Plenary Address Delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL). March 16–19, Dallas, Texas.Google Scholar
He, A. W. 2013b. The Wor(L)D Is a Collage: Multi-performance by Chinese Heritage Language Speakers. The Modern Language Journal 97(2), 304317.Google Scholar
He, A. W. 2014. Heritage Language Development and Identity Construction throughout the Life Cycle. In Wiley, T. G., Peyton, J. K., Christian, D., Moore, S. C. K., and Liu, N. (eds.), Handbook of Heritage, Community, and Native American Languages in the United States: Research, Policy, and Educational Practice. New York: Routledge, 324332.Google Scholar
He, A. W. 2015. Chinese as a Heritage Language. In Wang, W. and Sun, C. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of Chinese Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 578589.Google Scholar
He, A. W. 2016. Heritage Language Learning and Socialization. In Duff, P. A. and May, S. (eds.), Language Socialization, Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Berlin: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02327-4-14-1Google Scholar
Heath, S. B. 1983. Ways with Words. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holstein, J. A. and Gubrium, J. F.. 2000a. Constructing the Life Course. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.Google Scholar
Holstein, J. A. and Gubrium, J. F.. 2000b. The Self We Live by: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hornberger, N. 2004. The Continua of Biliteracy and the Bilingual Educator: Educational Linguistics in Practice. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 7(2–3), 155171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. 1964. The Ethnography of Communication. American Anthropologist 66, 656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hymes, D. 1972. What Is Ethnography? in Gilmore, P. and Glatthorn, A. A. (eds.), Children In and Out of School: Ethnography and Education. Washington, DC: Centre for Applied Linguistics, 2132.Google Scholar
Kellman, S. G. 2000. The Translingual Imagination. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Klein, W. 2013. Heritage Language Socialization and Language Ideologies in a Sikh Education Program. Heritage Language Journal 10(1), 3650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramsch, C. 2010. The Multilingual Subject. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kulick, D. 1997. Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. 1972. The Transformation of Experience in Narrative Syntax. In Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 354396.Google Scholar
Labov, W. and Waletzky, J.. 1967. Narrative Analysis. In Helm, J. (ed.), Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1244. Reprinted in Journal of Narrative and Life History 7, 3–38, 1997.Google Scholar