Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-2lccl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T04:50:57.307Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Factors Governing Differential Outcomes in the Global Economy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2021

Stephen Broadberry
Affiliation:
University of Oxford
Kyoji Fukao
Affiliation:
Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Alfani, G. and Ó Gráda, C. (2017). Famine in European History, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2000). ‘Economic Structure and Agricultural Productivity in Europe, 1300–1800’, European Review of Economic History, 4, 126.Google Scholar
Bailey, M. and Hershbein, B. (2018). ‘US Fertility Rates and Childbearing in American Economic History’, in Cain, L. P., Fishback, P. V. and Rhode, P. W. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of American Economic History vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 75100.Google Scholar
Baten, J. (2000). ‘Heights and Real Wages in the 18th and 19th Centuries: An International Overview’, Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 41, 6176.Google Scholar
Baten, J. (2009). ‘Protein Supply and Nutritional Status in Nineteenth-Century Bavaria, Prussia and France’, Economics and Human Biology, 7, 165180.Google Scholar
Baten, J. and Blum, M. (2014). ‘Why Are You So Tall While Others Are Short? Agricultural Production and Other Proximate Determinants of Global Heights’, European Review of Economic History, 18, 144165.Google Scholar
Baten, J., Ma, D., Morgan, S. and Wang, Q. (2010). ‘Evolution of Living Standards and Human Capital in China in the 18th–20th Centuries: Evidence from Real Wages, Age-Heaping, and Anthropometrics’, Explorations in Economic History, 47, 347359.Google Scholar
Bengtsson, T. (2004). ‘Mortality and Social Class in Four Scanian Parishes, 1766–1865’, in Bengtsson, T., Campbell, C., Lee, J. Z. (eds.), Life Under Pressure: Mortality and Living Standards in Europe and Asia, 1700–1900, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bodenhorn, H., Guinnane, T. and Mroz, T. A. (2017). ‘Sample-Selection Biases and the Industrialisation Puzzle’, Journal of Economic History, 77, 171207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boserup, E. (1970). Woman’s Role in Economic Development, London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Campbell, B. M. S., Klein, A., Overton, M. and van Leeuwen, B. (2015). British Economic Growth 1270–1870, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burnette, J. (2014). ‘Agriculture, 1700–1870’, in Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. N. (eds.), The Economic History of Britain since 1700, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 89117.Google Scholar
Carmichael, S. G., de Pleijt, A., van Zanden, J. L. and De Moor, T. (2016). ‘The European Marriage Pattern and its Measurement’, Journal of Economic History, 76, 196204.Google Scholar
Chesnais, J.-C. (1992). The Demographic Transition. Stages, Patterns and Economic Implications, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Cleland, J. and Wilson, C. (1987). ‘Demand Theories of the Fertility Transition: An Iconoclastic View’, Population Studies, 41, 530.Google Scholar
Cole, T. J. (2003). ‘The Secular Trend in Human Physical Growth: A Biological View’, Economics and Human Biology, 1, 161168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crafts, N. F. R. (1997). ‘The Human Development Index and Changes in Standards of Living: Some Historical Comparisons’, European Review of Economic History, 1, 299322.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. (2002). ‘The Human Development Index, 1870–1999: Some Revised Estimates’, European Review of Economic History, 6, 395405.Google Scholar
Davenport, R. J. (2015). ‘The First Stages of the Mortality Transition in England: A Perspective from Evolutionary Biology’, Centre for Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE) Working Paper, University of Warwick.Google Scholar
Demeny, P. (1972). ‘Early Fertility Decline in Austria-Hungary: A Lesson in Demographic Transition’, in Glass, D. V. and Revelle, R. (eds.), Population and Social Change, London: Edward Arnold, 153172.Google Scholar
de Moor, T. and van Zanden, J. L. (2010). ‘Girl Power: The European Marriage Pattern and Labour Markets in the North Sea Region in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Period’, Economic History Review, 63, 133.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. (1984). European Urbanization 1500–1800, London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Deng, K. and Sun, S. (2019). ‘China’s Extraordinary Population Expansion and its Determinants during the Qing Period, 1644–1911’, Population Review, 58, 2077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doyle, S. (2013). Before HIV: Sexuality, Fertility and Mortality in East Africa, 1900–1980, Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyson, T. (2011). ‘The Role of the Demographic Transition in the Process of Urbanization’, Population and Development Review, 37, S1, 3454.Google Scholar
Dyson, T. (2018). A Population History of India, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dyson, T. and Moore, M. (1983). ‘On Kinship Structure, Female Autonomy, and Demographic Behaviour in India’, Population and Development Review, 9, 3560.Google Scholar
Dyson, T. and Murphy, M. (1985). ‘The Onset of Fertility Transition’, Population and Development Review, 11, 399440.Google Scholar
Easterlin, R. A. (1978). ‘The Economics and Sociology of Fertility: A Synthesis’, in Tilly, C. (ed.), Historical Studies of Changing Fertility, Princeton University Press, 57113.Google Scholar
Flinn, M. W. (1981). The European Demographic System, 1500–1820, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Floud, R., Wachter, K. and Gregory, A. (1990). Height, Health and History: Nutritional Status in the United Kingdom, 1750–1980, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Floud, R., Fogel, R.W., Harris, B. and Hong, S. C. (2011). The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (1986). ‘Nutrition and the Decline in Mortality since 1700: Some Preliminary Findings’, in Engerman, S. L. and Gallman, R. E. (eds.), Long-Term Factors in American Economic Growth, University of Chicago Press, 439555.Google Scholar
Galloway, P. R. (1987). ‘Differentials in Demographic Responses to Annual Price Variations in Pre-Revolutionary France’, European Journal of Population, 2, 269305.Google Scholar
Galor, O. (2011). Unified Growth Theory, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1976). Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Guinnane, T. (2011). ‘The Historical Fertility Transition: A Guide for Economists’, Journal of Economic Literature, 49, 589614.Google Scholar
Haines, M. R. (2001). ‘The Urban Mortality Transition in the United States, 1800–1940’, Annales de Démographie Historique, 101, 3364.Google Scholar
Hajnal, J. (1965). ‘European Marriage Patterns in Perspective’, in Glass, D. V. and Eversley, D. E. C. (eds.), Population in History, London: Edward Arnold, 101143.Google Scholar
Hajnal, J. (1982). ‘Two Kinds of Pre-Industrial Household Formation System’, Population and Development Review, 8, 449494.Google Scholar
Harris, B. (2004). ‘Public Health, Nutrition, and the Decline of Mortality: The McKeown Thesis Revisited’, Social History of Medicine, 17, 379407.Google Scholar
Harris, B., Gorsky, M., Guntupalli, A. M. and Hinde, A. (2012). ‘Long-Term Changes in Sickness and Health: Further Evidence from the Hampshire Friendly Society’, Economic History Review, 65, 719745.Google Scholar
Hatton, T. J. and Bray, B. E. (2010). ‘Long Run Trends in the Heights of European Men, 19th–20th Centuries’, Economics and Human Biology, 8, 405413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphries, J. and Leunig., T. (2009). ‘Was Dick Whittington Taller Than Those He Left Behind? Anthropometric Measures, Migration and the Quality of Life in Early Nineteenth-Century London?’, Explorations in Economic History, 46, 120131.Google Scholar
Johansson, S. R. (1991). ‘The Health Transition: The Cultural Inflation of Morbidity during the Decline of Mortality’, Health Transition Review, 1, 3968.Google ScholarPubMed
Kelly, M. and Ó Gráda, C. (2014). ‘Living Standards and Mortality since the Middle Ages’, Economic History Review, 67, 358381.Google Scholar
Kunitz, S. J. (1983). ‘Speculations on the European Mortality Decline’, Economic History Review, 36, 349364.Google Scholar
Kuznets, S. (1979). ‘Population Trends and Modern Economic Growth: Notes Towards a Historical Perspective’, in Growth, Population and Income Distribution: Selected Essays, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Lesthaegue, R. (2014). ‘The Second Demographic Transition: A Concise Overview of its Development’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, 1811218115.Google Scholar
Livi-Bacci, M. (2012). A Concise History of World Population, 5th ed., Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Luo, Z. C. and Karleberg, J. (2000). ‘Critical Growth Phases for Adult Shortness’, American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, 125131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lutz, W. and Kebede, E. (2018). ‘Education and Health: Redrawing the Preston Curve’, Population and Development Review, 44, 343361.Google Scholar
McKeown, T. (1976). The Modern Rise of Population, London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
McKeown, T. and Record, R. G. (1962). ‘Reasons for the Decline of Mortality in England and Wales during the Nineteenth Century’, Population Studies, 16, 94122.Google Scholar
McNeill, W. H. (1976). Plagues and Peoples, New York: Anchor.Google Scholar
María-Dolores, R. and Martínez-Carrion, J. M. (2011). ‘The Relationship Between Height and Economic Development in Spain, 1850–1958’, Economics and Human Biology, 9, 3044.Google Scholar
Mason, K. O. (1997). ‘Explaining Fertility Transition’, Demography, 34, 443454.Google Scholar
Olds, K. (2003). ‘The Biological Standard of Living in Taiwan Under Japanese Occupation’, Economic and Human Biology, 1, 187206.Google Scholar
Preston, S. H. (1975). ‘The Changing Relation Between Mortality and Level of Economic Development’, Population Studies, 29, 231248.Google Scholar
Riley, J. C. (1997). Sick not Dead: The Health of British Working Men During the Mortality Decline, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Riley, J. C. (2007). Low Income, Social Growth, and Good Health: A History of Twelve Countries, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Saito, O. (2014). ‘Demographic Regimes in the Asian Past’, Paper presented at the Conference to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Founding of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, Downing College, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Saito, O. and Takashima, M. (2016). ‘Estimating the Shares of Secondary- and Tertiary-Sector Outputs in the Age of Early Modern Growth: The Case of Japan, 1600–1874’, European Review of Economic History, 20, 368386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Settsu, T., Bassino, J.-P. and Fukao, K. (2016). ‘Revisiting Economic Growth in Meiji Japan: Industrial Structure, Labour Productivity and Regional Inequality [in Japanese]’, Economic Review, 67, 193214.Google Scholar
Shay, T. (1994). ‘The Level of Living in Japan, 1885–1938: New Evidence’, in Stature, Living Standards, and Economic Development. Essays in Anthropometric History, in Komlos, J. (ed.), University of Chicago Press, 173204.Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. (2001). ‘Plagues and Peoples. The Long Demographic Cycle, 1215–1670’, in Slack, P. and Ward, R. (eds.), The Peopling of Britain: The Shaping of a Human Landscape, Oxford University Press, 177210.Google Scholar
Smith, R. M. and Oeppen, J. (2006). ‘Place and Status as Determinants of Infant Mortality in England c.1550–1837’, in Garrett, E., Galley, C., Shelton, N. and Woods, R. (eds.), Infant Mortality: A Continuing Social Problem, Aldershot: Ashgate, 5378.Google Scholar
Steckel, R. H. and Floud, R. (eds.) (1997). Health and Welfare During Industrialisation, University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szreter, S. (1988). ‘The Importance of Social Intervention in Britain’s Mortality Decline, c.1850–1914: A Re-Interpretation of the Role of Public Health’, Social History of Medicine, 1, 137.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (1990). Human Development Report, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., d’Ercole, M. M., Rijpma, A., Smith, C. and Timmer, M. (eds.). (2014). How Was Life? Global Well-Being since 1820, Paris: OECD Publishing and International Institute of Social History.Google Scholar
Walter, J. and Schofield, R. (1989). ‘Famine, Disease and Crisis Mortality in Early Modern Society’, in Walter, J. and Schofield, R. (eds.), Famine, Disease and Social Order in Early Modern Society, Cambridge University Press, 174.Google Scholar
Wolf, A. P. and Hanley, S. B. (1985). ‘Introduction’, in Hanley, S. B. and Wolf, A. P. (eds.),Family and Population in East Asian History, Stanford University Press, 34.Google Scholar
Woods, R. (1985). ‘The Effect of Population Redistribution on the Level of Mortality in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales’, Journal of Economic History, 45, 645651.Google Scholar
Woods, R. (2000). The Demography of Victorian England and Wales, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Woods, R. (2009). Death Before Birth: Fetal Health and Mortality in Historical Perspective, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (2004). ‘Explaining the Rise in Marital Fertility in the “Long” Eighteenth Century’, in Wrigley, E. A. (ed.), Poverty, Progress and Population, Cambridge University Press, 317350.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (2014). ‘European Marriage Patterns and Their Implications’, in Briggs, C., Kitson, P. M. and Thompson, S. J. (eds.), Population, Welfare and Economic Change in Britain 1290–1834, Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A., Davies, R. S., Oeppen, J. E. and Schofield, R. S. (1997). English Population History from Family Reconstitution 1580–1837, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
You, X. (2020). ‘Women’s Labour Force Participation in Nineteenth-Century England and Wales: Evidence from the 1881 Census Enumerators’ Books’, Economic History Review, 73(1), 106133.Google Scholar

References

Abramovitz, M. (1993). ‘The Search for the Sources of Growth: Areas of Ignorance Old and New’, Journal of Economic History, 53, 217243.Google Scholar
Abramovitz, M. and David, P. (1973). ‘Reinterpreting Economic Growth: Parables and Realities’, American Economic Review, 63, 428439.Google Scholar
Abramovitz, M. and David, P. (2001). ‘Two Centuries of American Macroeconomic Growth: From Exploitation of Resource Abundance to Knowledge-Driven Development’, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research working paper.Google Scholar
Akimoto, H. (1987). Zenkōgyōkajidai no Keizai (Economy in the Pre-industrial Period), Kyoto: Mineruvashobō.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2009). The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2012). ‘Technology and the Great Divergence: Global Economic Development Since 1820’, Explorations in Economic History, 49, 116.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2018). ‘Spinning Their Wheels: A Reply to Jane Humphries and Benjamin Schneider’, Oxford Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, 166, www.economics.ox.ac.uk/materials/working_papers/4650/166julyallen.pdf (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Ashraf, Q. and Galor, O. (2011). ‘Dynamics and Stagnation in the Malthusian Epoch’, American Economic Review, 101, 20032041.Google Scholar
Bessen, J. and Nuvolari, A. (2016). ‘Knowledge Sharing Among Inventors: Some Historical Perspectives’, in Harhoff, D. and Lakhani, K. (eds.), Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities and Open Innovation, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 135155.Google Scholar
Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, Economic History Review, 67, 627651.Google Scholar
Brewer, J. (1988). The Sinews of Power. War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. and de Pleijt, A. (2018). ‘Capital and Economic Growth in Britain, 1270–1870’, paper presented at World Economic History Congress, Boston.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Campbell, B., Klein, A., Overton, M. and van Leeuwen, B. (2015). British Economic Growth 1270–1870, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Brunt, L. (2006). ‘Rediscovering Risk: Country Banks as Venture Capital Firms in the First Industrial Revolution’, Journal of Economic History, 66, 74102.Google Scholar
Chapman, S. (1972). The Cotton Industry in the Industrial Revolution, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Chapman, S. and Butt, J. (1988). ‘The Cotton Industry, 1775–1856’, in Feinstein, C. and Pollard, S. (eds.), Studies in Capital Formation in the United Kingdom, 1750–1920, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 105125.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1962). The Economic History of the World Population, Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1976). Before the Industrial Revolution. European Society and Economy, 1000–1700, London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clark, G. (2007). A Farewell to Alms. A Brief Economic History of the World, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cookson, G. (2018). The Age of Machinery. Engineering the Industrial Revolution, 1770–1850, Woodbridge: Boydell.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. (2004). ‘Steam as a General-Purpose Technology: A Growth Accounting Perspective’, Economic Journal, 114, 338351.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. (2009). ‘Solow and Growth Accounting: a Perspective from Quantitative Economic History’, History of Political Economy, 41, 200220.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. and Mills, T. (2004). ‘Was the 19th century British growth steam powered ? The climacteric revisited’, Explorations in Economic History, 41, 156171.Google Scholar
Crouzet, F. (1972). ‘Editor’s Introduction’, in Crouzet, F. (ed.), Capital Formation in the Industrial Revolution, London: Methuen.Google Scholar
David, P. (1975). Technical Choice, Innovation and Economic Growth, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davies, R. and Pollard, S. (1988). ‘The Iron Industry, 1775–1850’, in Feinstein, C. and Pollard, S. (eds.), Studies in Capital Formation in the United Kingdom, 1750–1920, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 73104.Google Scholar
Dosi, G. (1982). ‘Technological Paradigms and Technological Trajectories: A Suggested Interpretation of the Determinants and Directions of Technical Change’, Research Policy, 11, 147162.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. (1988). ‘National Statistics, 1760–1920’ in Feinstein, C. H. and Pollard, S. (eds.), Studies in Capital Formation in the United Kingdom, 1750–1920, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 257471.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. (2003). ‘National Income Accounts: Investment and Savings’, in Mokyr, J. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Economic History, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fenichel, A. H. (1966). ‘Growth and Diffusion of Power in Manufacturing 1838–1919’, in Brady, D. (ed.), Output, Employment and Productivity in the United States after 1980, Chicago: National Bureau of Economic Research, 473479.Google Scholar
Field, A. (1985). ‘On the Unimportance of Machinery’, Explorations in Economic History, 22, 378401.Google Scholar
Field, A. (2011). A Great Leap Forward. 1930s Depression and US Economic Growth, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Fukao, K., Nakamura, N. and Nakabayashi, M. (eds.) (2017). Nihonkeizai no Rekishi (History of Japanese Economy), vol. 2, Tokyo: Iwanamishoten.Google Scholar
Gerschenkron, A. (1962). Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Habakkuk, H. J. (1962). American and British Technology in the Nineteenth Century, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hansen, G. and Prescott, E. (2002). ‘Malthus to Solow’, American Economic Review, 92, 12051217.Google Scholar
Hicks, J. (1969). A Theory of Economic History, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jovanovic, B. and Rousseau, P. (2005). ‘General Purpose Technologies’ in Aghion, P. and Durlauf, S. (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, vol. IB, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 11811224.Google Scholar
Kander, A., Malanima, P. and Warde, P. (2013). Power to the People. Energy in Europe over the Last Five Centuries, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kanefsky, J. W. (1979). The Diffusion of Power Technology in British Industry, 1760–1870, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Exeter.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. (1997). ‘The Dynamics of Smithian Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112, 939964.Google Scholar
Khan, B. Z. and Sokoloff, K. L. (2001). ‘The Early Development of Intellectual Property Institutions in the United States’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, 233246.Google Scholar
Landes, D. S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus. Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lipsey, R. G., Carlaw, K. I. and Bekar, C. (2005). Economic Transformations: General Purpose Technologies and Long-Term Economic Growth, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
MacLeod, C. and Nuvolari, A. (2009). ‘“Glorious Times”: the Emergence of Mechanical Engineering in Early Industrial Britain, c.1700–1850’, Brussels Economic Review, 52, 215237.Google Scholar
MacLeod, C. and Nuvolari, A. (2012). ‘Technological Change’ in Doyle, W. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Regime, Oxford University Press, 448466.Google Scholar
MacLeod, C. and Nuvolari, A. (2016). ‘Inventive Activities, Patents and Early Industrialization: A Synthesis of Research Issues’, Rivista di Storia Economica, 32, 77107.Google Scholar
Maddison, A. (1982). Phases of Capitalist Development, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Makkai, L. (1981). ‘Productivité et exploitation des sources d’energie (XII–XVII siècle’) in Mariotti, S. (ed.), Produttivita’ e Tecnologie nei Secoli XII–XVIII, Florence: Le Monnier.Google Scholar
Marx, K. (1990). Capital, vol. 1, Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. (2002). The Gifts of Athena: Historical Origins of the Knowledge Economy, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Moser, P. (2005). ‘How Do Patent Laws Influence Innovation? Evidence from Nineteenth Century World Fairs’, American Economic Review, 95, 12131236.Google Scholar
North, D. C. (1981). Structure and Change in Economic History, New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Nuvolari, A. (2019). ‘Understanding Successive Industrial Revolutions: a “Development Block” Approach’, Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 32, 33–44.Google Scholar
Ohkawa, K. et al. (1966). Chōkikeizaitōkei vol. 3 Shihon Sutokku (Estimates of Long Term Economic Statistics of Japan since 1868, vol. 3, Capital Stock), Tokyo: Tōyōkeizaishinpōsha.Google Scholar
Paulinyi, A. (1986). ‘Revolution and Technology’, in Porter, R. and Teich, M. (eds.), Revolution in History, Cambridge University Press, 261289.Google Scholar
Persson, K. G. (1988). Pre-Industrial Economic Growth. Social Organization and Technical Progress in Europe, Blackwell: Oxford.Google Scholar
Reynolds, T. S. (1983). Stronger than a Hundred Men: A History of the Vertical Water Wheel, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1963a). ‘Capital Goods, Technology and Economic Growth’, Oxford Economic Papers, 15, 217227; reprinted in Rosenberg, N. (1976). Perspectives on Technology, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1963b). ‘Technological Change in the Machine Tool Industry, 1840–1910’, Journal of Economic History, 23, 414446; reprinted in Rosenberg, N. (1976). Perspectives on Technology, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1974). ‘Karl Marx on the Economic Role of Science’, Journal of Political Economy, 82, 713728.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1976a). ‘Marx as a Student of Technology’, Monthly Review, 28, 5677.Google Scholar
Rosenberg, N. (1976b). Perspectives on Technology, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rostow, W. W. (1975). How It All Began: Origins of the Modern Economy, London: Methuen.Google Scholar
Samuel, R. (1977). ‘Workshop of the World: Steam Power and Hand Technology in mid-Victorian Britain’, History Workshop, 3, 572.Google Scholar
Sharp, P., Strulik, H. and Weisdorf, J. (2012). ‘The Determinants of Income in a Malthusian Equilibrium’, Journal of Development Economics, 97, 112117.Google Scholar
Soete, L., Verspagen, B. and ter Weel, B. (2010). ‘Systems of Innovation’ in Hall, B. and Rosenberg, N. (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, vol. 2, Dordrecht: Elsevier, 11601180.Google Scholar
Tanimoto, M. (forthcoming). ‘Introduction and Diffusion: How Did Useful and Reliable Knowledge Feature in the Industrial Development in Early Modern Japan?’, Technology and Culture, 62.Google Scholar
van Neck, A. (1979). Les Debuts de la Machine a Vapeur dans l’Industrie Belge, 1800–1850, Bruxelles: Palais des Academies.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L. (2001). ‘Early Modern Economic Growth: A Survey of the European Economy, 1500–1800’, in Prak, M. (ed.), Early Modern Capitalism. Economic and Social Change in Europe, 1400–1800, London: Routledge, 6987.Google Scholar
von Tunzelmann, G. N. (1978). Steam Power and British Industrialization to 1860, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
von Tunzelmann, G. N. (1995). Technology and Industrial Progress. The Foundations of Economic Growth, Aldershot: Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Voigtlander, N. and Voth, J. (2009). ‘Malthusian Dynamism and the Rise of Europe: Make War, not Love’, American Economic Review, 99, 248254.Google Scholar
Wrigley, E. A. (2004). Poverty, Progress and Population, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D. (2009). Introduction to Modern Economic Growth, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development’, American Economic Review, 91, 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. (2002). ‘Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 12311294.Google Scholar
Álvarez-Nogal, C. and Prados de la Escosura, L. (2013). ‘The Rise and Fall of Spain (1270–1850)’, Economic History Review, 66(1), 137.Google Scholar
Anderson, J. E. and van Wincoop, E. (2004). Trade Costs’, Journal of Economic Literature, 42(3), 691–751.Google Scholar
Arroyo Abad, L. and van Zanden, J. L. (2016). ‘Growth Under Extractive Institutions? Latin American Per Capita GDP in Colonial Times’, Journal of Economic History, 76, 11821215.Google Scholar
Bairoch, P. (1982). ‘International Industrialization Levels from 1750 to 1980’, Journal of European Economic History, 11, 269331.Google Scholar
Bassino, J.-P., Broadberry, S., Fukao, K., Gupta, B. and Takashima, M. (2019). ‘Japan and the Great Divergence, 730–1870’, Explorations in Economic History (forthcoming).Google Scholar
Beinroth, F. H., Eswaran, H. and Reich, P. F. (2001). ‘Global Assessment and Land Quality’, in Stott, D. E., Mohtar, R. H. and Steinhardt, G. C. (eds.), Sustaining the Global Farm, published by the International Soil Conservation Organization in cooperation with United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, and National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory and Purdue University, 569574.Google Scholar
Bogart, D. (2014). ‘The Transport Revolution in Industrializing Britain’, in Floud, R., Humphries, J. and Johnson, P. (eds), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, vol. 1: 1700–1870, 4th ed., Cambridge University Press, 5388.Google Scholar
Bosker, M. and Buringh, E. (2017). ‘City Seeds: Geography and the Origins of the European City System’, Journal of Urban Economics, 98, 139157.Google Scholar
Bosker, M. and Garretsen, H. (2009). ‘Economic Development and the Geography of Institutions’, Journal of Economic Geography, 9, 295328.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. and Gupta, B. (2009). ‘Lancashire, India, and Shifting Competitive Advantage in Cotton Textiles, 1700–1850: The Neglected Role of Factor Prices’, Economic History Review, 62(2), 279305.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. and Marrison, A. (2002). ‘External Economies of Scale in the Lancashire Cotton Industry, 1900–1950’, Economic History Review, 55(1), 5177.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Fremdling, R. and Solar, P. (2010). ‘Industry, 1700–1870’, in Broadberry, S. and O’Rourke, K. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 164186.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Campbell, B., Klein, A., Overton, M. and van Leeuwen, B. (2015a). British Economic Growth, 1270–1870, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Custodis, J. and Gupta, B. (2015b). ‘India and the Great Divergence: An Anglo-Indian Comparison of GDP Per Capita, 1600–1871’, Explorations in Economic History, 55, 5875.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S., Guan, H. and Li, D. (2018). ‘China, Europe and the Great Divergence: A Study in Historical National Accounting’, Journal of Economic History, 78, 9551000.Google Scholar
Buyst, E. (2011). Towards Estimates of Long Term Growth in the Southern Low Countries, ca.1500–1846’, paper for the ‘Quantifying Long Run Economic Development’ conference at the University of Warwick in Venice, March 22–24.Google Scholar
Cain, L. P. (2006). ‘Transportation – Inland Freight Rates, by Type of Transportation: 1784–1900 (Series Df17-21)’, Historical Statistics of the United States Millennial Edition Online, Cambridge University Press, hsus.cambridge.org/HSUSWeb/HSUSEntryServlet (accessed 8 October 2020).Google Scholar
Carstensen, K. and Gundlach, E. (2006). ‘The Primacy of Institutions Reconsidered: Direct Income Effects of Malaria Prevalence’, The World Bank Economic Review, 20(3), 309339.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Harley, C. K. (1992), ‘Output Growth and the Industrial Revolution: A Restatement of the Crafts-Harley View’, Economic History Review, 45, 703730.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Venables, A. J. (2003). ‘Globalization in History: A Geographical Perspective’, in Bordo, M., Taylor, A. and Williamson, J. G. (eds.), Globalization in Historical Perspective, University of Chicago Press, 323364.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. and Wolf, N. (2014). ‘The Location of the UK Cotton Textiles Industry in 1838: A Quantitative Analysis’, Journal of Economic History, 74(4), 11031139.Google Scholar
Diamond, J. (1997). Guns, Germs and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years, reprint 2005, London: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Dollar, D. and Kray, A. (2004). ‘Trade, Growth and Poverty’, Economic Journal, 114, 2249.Google Scholar
Easterly, W. and Levine, R. (2003). ‘Tropics, Germs, and Crops: How Endowments Influence Economic Development’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 50, 339.Google Scholar
Ellison, G., Glaeser, E. L. and Kerr, W. R. (2010). ‘What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns’, American Economic Review, 100, 11951213.Google Scholar
Encyclopedia Britannica (n.d.). ‘Coal-mining’, www.britannica.com/technology/coal-mining (accessed 7 October 2020).Google Scholar
Encyclopedia Britannica (n.d.). ‘World Distribution of Coal’, www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel/World-distribution-of-coal (accessed 7 October 2020).Google Scholar
Farnie, D. A. (2004). The English Cotton Industry and the World Market 1815–1896, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fernihough, A. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2014). ‘Coal and the European Industrial Revolution’, University of Oxford, Discussion Papers in Economic and Social History, no. 124.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (1964). Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Fourie, J. and van Zanden, J. L. (2013). ‘GDP in the Dutch Cape Colony: The National Accounts of a Slave-Based Society’, South African Journal of Economics, 81, 467490.Google Scholar
Frankel, J. and Romer, D. (1999). ‘Does Trade Cause Growth?’, American Economic Review, 89(3), 379399.Google Scholar
Glaeser, E. L. (2011). Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier, New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F. and Shleifer, A. (2004). ‘Do Institutions Cause Growth?’, Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 271303.Google Scholar
Grafe, R., Neal, L. and Unger, R. W. (2010). ‘The Services Sector’, in Broadberry, S. and O’Rourke, K. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 187213.Google Scholar
Hall, R. and Jones, C. L. (1999). ‘Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output Per Worker than Others?’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114(1), 83116.Google Scholar
Harley, C. K. (1988). ‘Ocean Freight Rates and Productivity, 1740–1913: The Primacy of Mechanical Invention Reaffirmed’, Journal of Economic History, 48(4), 851876.Google Scholar
Harris, C. (1954). ‘The Market as a Factor in the Localization of Industry in the United States’, Annals of the American Geographers, 64, 315348.Google Scholar
Head, K. and Mayer, T. (2011). ‘Gravity, Market Potential and Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Geography, 11, 281294.Google Scholar
Inikori, J. E. (1989). ‘Slavery and the Revolution in Cotton Textile Production in England’, Social Science History, 13(4), 343379.Google Scholar
Inikori, J. E. (2002). Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Economic Development, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. S. and Novy, D. (2018). ‘Market Potential and Global Growth over the Long Twentieth Century’, Journal of International Economics, 114, 21237.Google Scholar
Jacks, D., Meissner, C. and Novy, D. (2010). ‘Trade Costs in the First Wave of Globalization’, Explorations in Economic History, 47, 127141.Google Scholar
Kaukianinen, Y. (2006). ‘Journey Costs, Terminal Costs, and Ocean Freight Rates: How the Price of Distance Declined from the 1870s to 2000’, International Journal of Maritime History, 18(2), 1764.Google Scholar
Kausel, A. (1979). ‘Österreichs Volkseinkommen 1830–1913’, in Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt (ed.), Geschichte und Ergebnisse der zentralen amtlichen Statistik in Österreich 1829–1979, Vienna: Österreichisches Statistisches Zentralamt.Google Scholar
Kiszewski, A., Mellinger, A., Spielman, A., Malaney, P., Ehrlich Sachs, S. and Sachs, J. (2004). ‘A Global Index Representing the Stability of Malaria Transmission’, American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70(5), 486498.Google Scholar
Komlos, J. (1983). The Habsburg Monarchy as a Customs Union: Economic Development in Austria-Hungary in the Nineteenth Century, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. (1996). ‘Urban Concentration: The Role of Increasing Returns and Transport Costs’, International Regional Science Review, 19 (1 & 2), 530.Google Scholar
Leunig, T. (2003). ‘A British Industrial Success: Productivity in the Lancashire and New England Cotton Spinning Industries a Century Ago’, Economic History Review 56(1), 90117.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, version 2013. Bolt, J. and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘The Maddison Project: Collaborative Research on Historical National Accounts’, Economic History Review, 67(3), 627651.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, version 2018. Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., de Jong, H. and van Zanden, J. L. (2018), ‘Rebasing “Maddison”: New Income Comparisons and the Shape of Long-Run Economic Development’, University of Groningen, Groningen Growth and Development Centre Research Memorandum GD-174.Google Scholar
Malanima, P. (2011). ‘The Long Decline of a Leading Economy: GDP in Central and Northern Italy, 1300–1913’, European Review of Economic History, 15, 169219.Google Scholar
Mancall, P. C. and Weiss, T. (1999). ‘Was Economic Growth Likely in Colonial British North America?’, Journal of Economic History, 59(1), 1740.Google Scholar
Marshall, A. (1920). Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mayer, T. (2009). ‘Market Potential and Development’, Centre d’Études Prospective et d’Information Internationales, Document de Travail No. 24.Google Scholar
Mitchell, B. R. (2013). International Historical Statistics: 1750–2010, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, www.worldcat.org/title/international-historical-statistics-1750-2010/oclc/838564900 (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
North, D. (1965). ‘The Role of Transportation in the Economic Development of North America’, in Les Grandes Voies Maritimes dans le Monde XV–XIX Siécles, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 244245.Google Scholar
North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nunn, N. and Puga, D. (2012). ‘Ruggedness: The Blessing of Bad Geography in Africa’, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(1): 2036, online data, diegopuga.org/data/rugged/ (accessed 8 October 2020).Google Scholar
Open University (n.d.). ‘Global Distribution of Coal’, www.open.edu/openlearn/nature-environment/environmental-studies/energy-resources-coal/content-section–4.5, (accessed 8 October 2020).Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H., Prados de la Escosura, L. and Daudin, G. (2010). ‘Trade and Empire’, in Broadberry, S. and O’Rourke, K. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 96121.Google Scholar
Our World in Data (n.d.). ‘Urbanization’, ourworldindata.org/urbanization (accessed 9 October 2020).Google Scholar
Palma, N. and Reis, J. (2018). ‘From Convergence to Divergence: Portuguese Economic Growth, 1527–1850’, Maddison Project Working Paper WP-11.Google Scholar
Pfister, U. (2011). ‘Economic Growth in Germany, 1500–1850’, paper for the ‘Quantifying Long Run Economic Development’ conference at the University of Warwick in Venice, March 22–24.Google Scholar
Pollard, S. (1981). Peaceful Conquest: The Industrialization of Europe 1760–1970, reprint 1986, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Pomerantz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Reba, M., Femke, R. and Seto, K. C. (2016). ‘Spatializing 6,000 Years of Global Urbanization from 3700 BC to AD 2000’, Scientific Data 3: 160034, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27271481/, dataset ‘ChandlerV2’: https://urbanization.yale.edu/data (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Redding, S. and Venables, A. J. (2004). ‘Economic Geography and International Inequality’, Journal of International Economics, 62, 5382.Google Scholar
Ridolfi, L. (2016). ‘The French Economy in the Longue Durée: A Study on Real Wages, Working Days and Economic Performance from Louis IX to the Revolution (1250–1789)’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, e-theses.imtlucca.it/211/1/Ridolfi_phdthesis.pdf (accessed 9 October 2020).Google Scholar
Riello, G. (2016). ‘Cotton: The Making of a Modern Commodity’, East Asian Journal of British History, 5(1), 35149.Google Scholar
Rodrigue, J. P. (2013). The Geography of Transport Systems, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A. and Trebbi, F. (2004). ‘Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development’, Journal of Economic Growth, 9, 131165.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. (2001). ‘Tropical Underdevelopment’, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 8119.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. (2003). ‘Institutions Don’t Rule: Direct Effects of Geography on Per Capita Income’, NBER Working Paper 9490.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. and Malaney, P. (2002). ‘The Economic and Social Burden of Malaria’, Nature, 415, 680685.Google Scholar
Sachs, J. D. and Warner, A. (1995). ‘Economic Reform and the Process of Global Integration’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 26(1), 1118.Google Scholar
Schoen, L. and Krantz, O. (2015). ‘New Swedish Historical National Accounts since the 16th Century in Constant and Current Prices’, Lund Papers in Economic History no. 140.Google Scholar
Schulze, M. S. (2000). ‘Patterns of Growth and Stagnation in the Late Nineteenth Century Habsburg Economy’, European Review of Economic History, 4(3), 311340.Google Scholar
Sutch, R. (2006). ‘National Income and Product’, in Historical Statistics of the United States Online Edition,hsus.cambridge.org/HSUSWeb/HSUSEntryServlet (accessed 9 October 2020).Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012). ‘Persistent but not Consistent: The Growth of National Income in Holland 1347–1807’, Explorations in Economic History, 49, 119130.Google Scholar
Venables, A. J. (2006). ‘Shifts in Economic Geography and their Causes’, Centre for Economic Performance Discussion Paper no. 767.Google Scholar
World Bank (2009). World Development Report, Part I: Reshaping Economic Geography, Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 2001(91), 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2002). ‘Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2002(117), 12311294.Google Scholar
Berry, M. E. (1986). ‘Public Peace and Private Attachment: The Goals and Conduct of Power in Early Modern Japan’, The Journal of Japanese Studies, 12(2), 237271.Google Scholar
Dye, A. (2006). ‘The Institutional Framework’, in Bulmer-Thomas, V., Coatsworth, J. and Cortés-Conde, R. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. vol. 2: The Long Twentieth Century, Cambridge University Press, 169208.Google Scholar
Elliot, J. H. (1992). ‘A Europe of Composite Monarchies’, Past & Present, 137, 4871.Google Scholar
Grafe, R. (2012). ‘Distant Tyranny’: Markets, Power, and Backwardness in Spain (1650–1800), Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hennessey, J. and Wallis, J. J. (2017). ‘Corporations and Organizations in the United States after 1840’, in Lamoreaux, N. R. and Novak, W. J. (eds.), Corporations and American Democracy, Cambridge University Press, 74105.Google Scholar
Irigoin, A. and Grafe, R. (2008). ‘Bargaining for Absolutism: A Spanish Path to Nation-State and Empire Building’, Hispanic American Historical Review, 88(2), 173209.Google Scholar
Jansen, M. B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lynch, J. (1981). Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas, 1829–1852, Lanham: SR Books.Google Scholar
Lynch, John. (1986). The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808–1826, 2nd ed., New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
North, D. C., Wallis, J. J. and Weingast, B. R. (2009). Violence and Social Orders: A Conceptual Framework for Interpreting Recorded Human History, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Priest, C. (2021). Credit Nation: A History of Property Laws and Institutions in Early America, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Buringh, E. and Bosker, M. (2012). ‘The Rise and Decline of European Parliaments, 1188–1789’, Economic History Review, 65(3), 835861.Google Scholar
Wallis, J. J. (2005). ‘Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852’, Journal of Economic History, 65(Mar), 211256.Google Scholar
Wood, G. S. (2002). The American Revolution: A History, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 91(5), 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A (2002). ‘The Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 12311294.Google Scholar
A’Hearn, B., Baten, J. and Crayen, D. (2009). ‘Quantifying Quantitative Literacy: Age Heaping and the History of Human Capital’, Journal of Economic History, 69(3), 783808.Google Scholar
Albouy, D. Y. (2012). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation: Comment’, American Economic Review, 102(6), 30593076.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2001). ‘The Great Divergence in European Wages and Prices from the Middle Ages to the First World War’, Explorations in Economic History, 38(4), 411447.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2007). ‘India in the Great Divergence’, in Williamson, J. G., Hatton, T. J., O’Rourke, K. H. and Taylor, A. M. (eds.), The New Comparative Economic History: Essays in Honor of Jeffrey G. Williamson, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 932.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2009). ‘Engels’ Pause: Technical Change, Capital Accumulation, and Inequality in the British Industrial Revolution’, Explorations in Economic History, 46(4), 418435.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C., Bassino, J.-P., Ma, D., Moll-Murata, C. and van Zanden, J. L. (2011). ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1738–1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan, and India’, Economic History Review, 64(1), 838.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C., Murphy, T. E. and Schneider, E. B. (2012). ‘The Colonial Origins of Divergence in the Americas: A Labor Market Approach’, Journal of Economic History, 72(4), 863894.Google Scholar
Antonovsky, A. (1967). ‘Social Class, Life Expectancy and Overall Mortality’, The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 45, 3176.Google Scholar
Arroyo Abad, L., Davies, E. and van Zanden, J. L. (2012). ‘Between Conquest and Independence: Real Wages and Demographic Change in Spanish America, 1530–1820’, Explorations in Economic History, 49(2), 149166.Google Scholar
Baten, J. (2013). ‘Numeracy Estimates (ABCC) by Birth Decade and Country, Both Before and After 1800’, Clio-infra, clio-infra.eu/Indicators/NumeracyTotal.html (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Bellu, L. and Liberati, P. (2006). ‘Policy Impacts on Inequality: Welfare-Based Measures of Inequality – The Atkinson Index’, EASYPol Series, 50, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Google Scholar
Benavot, A. and Riddle, P. (1988). ‘The Expansion of Primary Education, 1870–1940: Trends and Issues’, Sociology of Education, 61(3), 191210.Google Scholar
Bengtsson, T. and van Poppel, F. (2011). ‘Socioeconomic Inequalities in Death from Past to Present: An Introduction’, Explorations in Economic History, 48, 343356.Google Scholar
Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., de Jong, H. and van Zanden, J. L. (2018), ‘Rebasing “Maddison”: New Income Comparisons and the Shape of Long-Run Economic Development’, University of Groningen, Groningen Growth and Development Centre Research Memorandum GD-174.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N., Campbell, B. M. S., Klein, A., Overton, M. and van Leeuwen, B. (2015a). British Economic Growth 1270–1870, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N., Custodis, J. and Gupta, B. (2015b). ‘India and the Great Divergence: An Anglo-Indian Comparison of GDP Per Capita, 1600–1871’, Explorations in Economic History, 55, 5875.Google Scholar
Broadberry, S. N., Guan, H. and Daokui Li, D. (2018). ‘China, Europe, and the Great Divergence: A Study in Historical National Accounting, 980–1850’, Journal of Economic History, 78(4), 9551000.Google Scholar
Carmichael, S., de Pleijt, A., van Zanden, J. L. and de Moor, T. (2016). ‘The European Marriage Pattern and its Measurement’, Journal of Economic History, 76(1), 196204.Google Scholar
Challú, A. E. and Gómez-Galvarriato, A. (2015). ‘Mexico’s Real Wages in the Age of the Great Divergence, 1730–1930’, Revista de Historia Económica, 33(1), 83122.Google Scholar
Chen, N. (1959). A Collection of Gravestone Inscriptions in the Qing Dynasty, Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company (陈乃乾, 清代碑传文通检, 中华书局 1959年2月).Google Scholar
Clark, G. (1987). ‘Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed? Lessons from the Cotton Mills’, Journal of Economic History, 47(1), 141173.Google Scholar
Coatsworth, J. H. (2008). ‘Inequality, Institutions and Economic Growth in Latin America’, Journal of Latin American Studies, 40(3), 545569.Google Scholar
Cummins, N. (2017). ‘Lifespans of the European Elite, 800–1800’, Journal of Economic History, 77(2), 406439.Google Scholar
Cvrcek, T. (2013). ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in the Habsburg Empire, 1827–1910’, Journal of Economic History, 73(1), 137.Google Scholar
de Ferranti, D., Perry, G. E., Ferreira, F. H. G. and Walton, M. (2004). Inequality in Latin America: Breaking with History? World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
de la Croix, D. and Licandro, O. (2015). ‘The Longevity of Famous People from Hammurabi to Einstein’, Journal of Economic Growth, 20(3), 263303.Google Scholar
Dennison, T. and Ogilvie, S. (2014). ‘Does the European Marriage Pattern Explain Economic Growth?’, Journal of Economic History, 74(3), 651693.Google Scholar
de Pleijt, A. M. (2018). ‘Human Capital Formation in the Long Run: Evidence from Average Years of Schooling in England, 1300–1900’, Cliometrica, 12(1), 99126.Google Scholar
de Pleijt, A. M. and van Zanden, J. L. (2016). ‘Accounting for the “Little Divergence”: What Drove Economic Growth in Pre-Industrial Europe, 1300–1800?’, European Review of Economic History, 20(4), 387409.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L. and Sokoloff, K. L. (1997). ‘Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies: A View from Economic Historians of the United States’, in Harber, S. (ed.), How Latin America Fell Behind: Essays on the Economic History of Brazil and Mexico, 1800–1914, Stanford University Press, 260304.Google Scholar
Feinstein, C. H. (1988). ‘The Rise and Fall of the Williamson Curve’, Journal of Economic History, 48(3), 699729.Google Scholar
Field, B. C. (1985). ‘The Evolution of Individual Property Rights in Massachusetts Agriculture, 17th–19th Centuries’, Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 14(2), 97109.Google Scholar
Fink-Jensen, J. (2015). ‘Book Titles per Capita’, Clio-infra,handle.net/10622/AOQMAZ (accessed 10 October 2020).Google Scholar
Frankema, E. and Waijenburg, M. (2012). ‘Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evidence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965’, Journal of Economic History, 72(4), 895926.Google Scholar
Gapminder.org, ‘Child Mortality (0–5 year-olds dying per 1,000 born)’, www.gapminder.org/data/ (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Hoffman, P. T., Jacks, D. S., Levin, P. A. and Lindert, P. H. (2002). ‘Real Inequality in Europe since 1500’, Journal of Economic History, 62(2), 322355.Google Scholar
Juif, D.-T., and Baten, J. (2012). ‘On the Human Capital of Inca Indios Before and After the Spanish Conquest: Was There a “Pre-Colonial Legacy”?’ University of Tuebingen Working Papers in Economics and Finance 27, University of Tuebingen, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences.Google Scholar
Kannisto, V. (2001). ‘Mode and Dispersion of the Length of Life’, Population: An English Selection, 13(1), 159171.Google Scholar
Koepke, M. and Baten, J. (2005). ‘The Biological Standard of Living in Europe during the Last Two Millennia’, European Review of Economic History, 9(1), 6195.Google Scholar
Komlos, J. (1998). ‘Shrinking in a Growing Economy? The Mystery of Physical Stature during the Industrial Revolution’, Journal of Economic History, 58(3), 779802.Google Scholar
Lee, J., Feng, W. and Campbell, C. (1994). ‘Infant and Child Mortality Among the Qing Nobility: Implications for Two Types of Positive Check’, Population Studies, 48(3), 395411.Google Scholar
Lindert, P. H. and Williamson, J. G. (2015). ‘American Colonial Incomes, 1650–1774’, Economic History Review, 69(1), 5477.Google Scholar
Lo Cascio, E. and Malanima, P. (2005). ‘Cycles and Stability: Italian Population Before the Demographic Transition (225 B.C.–A.D. 1900)’, Rivista di Storia Economica, 21(3), 540.Google Scholar
Maddison Project Database, version 2018. Bolt, J., Inklaar, R., de Jong, H. and van Zanden, J. L. (2018), ‘Rebasing “Maddison”: New Income Comparisons and the Shape of Long-Run Economic Development’, University of Groningen, Groningen Growth and Development Centre Research Memorandum GD-174.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. W., Ramirez, F. O., Rubinson, R. and Boli, J. (1977). ‘The World Educational Revolution, 1950–1970’, Sociology of Education, 50, 242258.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. W., Ramirez, F. O. and Nuhoglu Soysal, Y. (1992). ‘World Expansion of Mass Education, 1870–1980’, Sociology of Education, 65(2), 128149.Google Scholar
Milanovic, B., Lindert, P. and Williamson, J. (2011). ‘Pre-Industrial Inequality’, The Economic Journal, 121(551), 255272.Google Scholar
Moatsos, M., Baten, J., Foldvari, P., van Leeuwen, B. and van Zanden, J. L. (2014). ‘Income Inequality Since 1820’, in van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., Mira d’Ercole, M., Rijpma, A., Smith, A. and Timmer, M. (eds.), How Was Life? Global Well-Being Since 1820, Paris: OECD Publishing and International Institute of Social History, 199215.Google Scholar
North, D. C., Summerhill, W. and Weingast, B. R. (2000). ‘Order, Disorder, and Economic Change: Latin America vs. North America’, in Bueno de Mesquita, B. and Root, H. (eds.), Governing for Prosperity, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1758.Google Scholar
Ohkawa, K. and Rosovsky, H. (1973). Japanese Economic Growth: Trend Acceleration in the Twentieth Century, Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Parthasarathi, P. (2011). Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pinker, S. (2011). The Better Angels of our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Pomeranz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence. China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
de la Escosura, Prados, L. (2012). ‘Output per Head in Pre-Independence Africa: Quantitative Conjectures’, Economic History of Developing Regions, 27(2), 136.Google Scholar
de la Escosura, Prados (2015). ‘World Human Development, 1870–2007’, Review of Income and Wealth 61(2), 220247.Google Scholar
Prayon, V. and Baten, J. (2013). ‘Human Capital, Institutions, Settler Mortality, and Economic Growth in Africa, Asia and the Americas’, Working Paper, University of Tuebingen.Google Scholar
Rawski, E. (1979). Education and Popular Literacy in Ch’ing China, University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Reis, J. (2005). ‘Economic Growth, Human Capital Formation, and Consumption in Western Europe Before 1800’, in Allen, R. C., Bengtsson, T. and Dribe, M. (eds.), Living Standards in the Past, Oxford University Press, 195225.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, J.-L. and Bin Wong, R. (2011). Before and Beyond Divergence: The Politics of Economic Change in China and Europe, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Schofield, R., Reher, D. and Bideau, A. (eds.) (1991). The Decline of Mortality in Europe, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sokoloff, K. L. and Engerman, S. L. (2000). ‘Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 14(3), 217232.Google Scholar
Studer, R. (2008). ‘India and the Great Divergence: Assessing the Efficiency of Grain Markets in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century India’, Journal of Economic History, 68(2), 393437.Google Scholar
United Nations (1948). Demographic Yearbook 1948, New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (1957). Demographic Yearbook 1957, New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (1960). Demographic Yearbook 1960. New York: United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update, New York: United Nations Development Programme.Google Scholar
van Leeuwen, B. and Li, J. (2014). ‘Education Since 1820’, in van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., Mira d’Ercole, M., Rijpma, A., Smith, A. and Timmer, M. (eds.), How Was Life? Global Well-Being Since 1820, Paris: OECD Publishing and International Institute of Social History, 87100.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L and Baten, J. (2008). ‘Book Production and the Onset of Modern Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Growth, 13(3), 217235.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Baten, J., Foldvari, P. and van Leeuwen, B. (2014). ‘The Changing Shape of Global Inequality 1820–2000: Exploring a New Dataset’, Review of Income and Wealth, 60(2), 279297.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L., Buringh, E. and Bosker, M. (2012). ‘The Rise and Decline of European Parliaments, 1188–1789’, Economic History Review, 65(3), 835861.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L. and van Leeuwen, B. (2012). ‘Persistent but not Consistent: The Growth of National Income in Holland 1347–1807’, Explorations in Economic History, 49(2), 119130.Google Scholar
van Zanden, J. L. (1995). ‘Tracing the Beginning of the Kuznets Curve: Western Europe During the Early Modern Period’, Economic History Review, 48(4), 643664.Google Scholar
von Glahn, R. ( 1996), Fountain of Fortune: Money and Monetary Policy in China, 1000–1700, Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. (1981). ‘Urban Disamenities, Dark Satanic Mills, and the British Standard of Living Debate’, Journal of Economic History, 41(1), 7583.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. (1985). Did British Capitalism Breed Inequality? Boston: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Williamson, J. G. (2010). ‘Five Centuries of Latin American Income Inequality’, Revista De Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 28(2), 227252.Google Scholar
Woods, R. and Williams, N. (1995). ‘Must the Gap Widen Before It Can Be Narrowed? Long-Term Trends in Social Class Mortality Differentials’, Continuity and Change, 10, 105137.Google Scholar
Xu, Y., Shi, Z., van Leeuwen, B., Ni, Y., Zhang, Z. and Ma, Y. (2017). ‘Chinese National Income, c.1661–1933’, Australian Economic History Review, 57(3), 368393.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 91(5), 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2005). ‘The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change and Economic Growth’, American Economic Review, 95(3), 546579.Google Scholar
Allen, R. (2011). Global Economic History: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bernhofen, D. M. and Brown, J. C. (2005). ‘An Empirical Assessment of the Comparative Advantage Gains from Trade: Evidence from Japan’, American Economic Review, 95(1), 208225.Google Scholar
Bogart, D. (2014). ‘The Transport Revolution in Industrializing Britain: A Survey’, in Floud, R., Humphries, J. and Johnson, P. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, vol. 1: 1700–1870, 4th ed., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chilosi, D. and Federico, G. (2015). ‘Early Globalizations: The Integration of Asia in the World Economy, 1800–1938’, Explorations in Economic History, 57, 118.Google Scholar
Chilosi, D., Murphy, T. E., Studer, R. and Tunçer, A. C. (2013). ‘Europe’s Many Integrations: Geography and Grain Markets, 1620–1913’, Explorations in Economic History, 50, 4668.Google Scholar
Costinot, A. and Rodriguez-Clare, A. (2014). ‘Trade Theory with Numbers: Quantifying the Consequences of Globalization’, in Gopinath, G., Helpman, E. and Rogoff, K. (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, vol. 4, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 197261.Google Scholar
Desmet, K. and Parente, S. L. (2012). ‘The Evolution of Markets and the Revolution of Industry: A Unified Theory of Growth’, Journal of Economic Growth, 17(3), 205234.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. (1994). ‘The Industrial Revolution and the Industrious Revolution’, Journal of Economic History, 54(2), 249270.Google Scholar
de Zwart, P. and van Zanden, J. L. (2018). The Origins of Globalization: World Trade and the Making of the Global Economy, 1500–1800, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dixit, A. K. and Norman, V. D. (1980). Theory of International Trade: A Dual, General Equilibrium Approach, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dobado-González, R., García-Hiernaux, A. and Guerrero, D. E. (2015). ‘West versus Far East: Early Globalization and the Great Divergence’, Cliometrica, 9(2), 235264.Google Scholar
Donaldson, D. (2018). ‘Railroads of the Raj: Estimating the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure’, American Economic Review, 108(4–5), 899934.Google Scholar
Federico, G. (2012). ‘How Much Do We Know About Market Integration in Europe?’, Economic History Review, 65(2), 470497.Google Scholar
Federico, G. and Tena-Junguito, A. (2016). ‘World Trade, 1800–1938: A New Dataset’, EHES Working Papers in Economic History, 93.Google Scholar
Federico, G. and Tena-Junguito, A. (2017). ‘A Tale of Two Globalizations: Gains from Trade and Openness 1800–2010’, Review of World Economics, 153, 601626.Google Scholar
Federico, G. and Tena-Junguito, A. (2018). ‘American Divergence: Lost Decades and Emancipation Collapse in Latin America and the Caribbean 1820–1870’, European Review of Economic History, 22(2), 185209.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. (1990). ‘The “Triangular Trade” and the Atlantic Economy of the Eighteenth Century: A Simple General-Equilibrium Model’, Essays in International Finance, Princeton University, 177.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2009). Power and Plenty. Trade, War and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fogel, R. W. (1964). Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Frankel, J. and Romer, D. (1999). ‘Does Trade Cause Growth?’, American Economic Review, 89(3), 379399.Google Scholar
Grossman, G. E. and Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Harley, C. N. (1994). ‘Foreign Trade: Comparative Advantage and Performance’, in Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. (eds.), The Economic History of Britain Since 1700, vol. 1: 1700–1860, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 300331.Google Scholar
Head, K. and Mayer, T. (2014). ‘Gravity Equations: Workhorse, Toolkit, and Cookbook’, in Gopinath, G., Helpman, E. and Rogoff, K. (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, vol. 4, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 131195.Google Scholar
Helpman, E. and Krugman, P. (1985). Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition, and the International Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Jacks, D. S. (2009). ‘On the Death of Distance and Borders: Evidence from the Nineteenth Century’, Economics Letters, 105(3), 203233.Google Scholar
Keller, W. and Shiue, C. H. (2014). ‘Endogenous Formation of Free Trade Agreements: Evidence from the Zollverein’s Impact on Market Integration’, Journal of Economic History, 74(4), 11681204.Google Scholar
Keller, W. and Shiue, C. H. (2020). ‘Market Integration and Institutional Change’, Review of World Economics, 156, 251285.Google Scholar
Keller, W. and Shiue, C. H. (forthcoming). ‘Foreign Trade and Investment’, Ch. 12, in Ma, D. and von Glahn, R. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of China, Vol. 2, Part 2, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keller, W., Li, B. and Shiue, C. H. (2011). ‘China’s Foreign Trade: Perspectives from the Past 150 Years’, The World Economy, 34(6), 853892.Google Scholar
Keller, W., Andres Santiago, J. and Shiue, C. H. (2017). ‘China’s Domestic Trade during the Treaty-Port Era’, Explorations in Economic History, 63, 2643.Google Scholar
Keller, W., Lampe, M. and Shiue, C. H. (2020). ‘International Transactions: Real Trade and Factor Flows between 1700 and 1870’, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 26865.Google Scholar
Kelly, M. and Ó Gráda, C. (2019). ‘Speed under Sail during the Early Industrial Revolution (c. 1750–1830)’, Economic History Review, 72(2), 459480.Google Scholar
Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lampe, M. and Sharp, P. (2019). ‘Cliometric Approaches to International Trade’, in Diebolt, C. and Haupert, M. (eds.), Handbook of Cliometrics, 2nd. ed., Heidelberg: Springer, link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-40458-0_8-1 (accessed 12 October 2020).Google Scholar
Maddison, A. (2005). Growth and Interaction in the World Economy: The Roots of Modernity, Washington, DC: AEI Press.Google Scholar
Matsuyama, K. (1992). ‘Agricultural Productivity, Comparative Advantage, and Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Theory, 58(2), 317334.Google Scholar
McCloskey, D. (1994). ‘1780–1860, A Survey’, in Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. N. (eds.), The Economic History of Britain since 1700, vol. 1: 1700–1860, Cambridge University Press, 300331.Google Scholar
Meissner, C. M. (2014). ‘Growth from Globalization? A View from the Very Long Run’, in Aghion, P. and Durlauf, S. N. (eds.), Handbook of Economic Growth, vol 2, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 10331069.Google Scholar
Nunn, N. (2007). ‘Relationship-Specificity, Incomplete Contracts and the Pattern of Trade’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(2), 569600.Google Scholar
Nunn, N. and Trefler, D. (2014). ‘Domestic Institutions as a Source of Comparative Advantage’, in Gopinath, G., Helpman, E. and Rogoff, K. (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, vol. 4, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 263315.Google Scholar
O’Brien, P. K. (1982). ‘European Economic Development: The Contribution of the Periphery’, Economic History Review, 35, 118.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. (2006). ‘The Worldwide Economic Impact of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815’, Journal of Global History, 1(1), 123149.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H., Prados de la Escosura, L. and Daudin, G. (2010). ‘Trade and Empire’, in Broadberry, S. and O’Rourke, K. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Europe, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 96121.Google Scholar
Ossa, R. (2015). ‘Why Trade Matters After All’, Journal of International Economics, 97(2), 266277.Google Scholar
Pascali, L. (2017). ‘The Wind of Change: Maritime Technology, Trade and Economic Development’, American Economic Review, 107(9), 28212854.Google Scholar
Persson, K. G. and Sharp, P. (2015). An Economic History of Europe: Knowledge, Institutions and Growth, 600 to the Present, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pomeranz, K. (2002). ‘Political Economy and Ecology on the Eve of Industrialization: Europe, China, and the Global Conjuncture’, American Historical Review, 107(2), 425446.Google Scholar
Shiue, C. H. (2005). ‘From Political Fragmentation Towards a Customs Union: Border Effects of the German Zollverein, 1815 to 1855’, European Review of Economic History, 9(2), 129162.Google Scholar
Shiue, C. H. and Keller, W. (2007). ‘Markets in China and Europe on the Eve of the Industrial Revolution’, American Economic Review, 97(4), 11891216.Google Scholar
Solar, P. M. and Hens, L. (2016). ‘Ship Speeds during the Industrial Revolution: East India Company Ships, 1770–1828’, European Review of Economic History, 20(1), 6678.Google Scholar
Steinwender, C. (2018). ‘Real Effects of Information Frictions: When the States and the Kingdom Became United’, American Economic Review, 108(3), 657696.Google Scholar
Stolper, W. F. and Samuelson, P. A. (1941). ‘Protection and Real Wages’, Review of Economic Studies, 9(1), 5873.Google Scholar
Studer, R. (2008). ‘India and the Great Divergence: Assessing the Efficiency of Grain Markets in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century India’, Journal of Economic History, 68(2), 393437.Google Scholar
Tena-Junguito, A., Lampe, M. and Tâmega, F. (2012). ‘How Much Trade Liberalization Was There in the World Before and After Cobden-Chevalier?’, Journal of Economic History, 72(3), 708740.Google Scholar
Thomas, R. P. and McCloskey, D. N. (1981). ‘Overseas Trade and Empire 1700–1860’, in Floud, R. and McCloskey, D. N. (eds.), The Economic History of Britain since 1700, vol. 1: 1700–1860, Cambridge University Press, 87102.Google Scholar
Trefler, D. (1995). ‘The Case of the Missing Trade and Other Mysteries’, American Economic Review, 85(5), 10291046.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I. (1974). The Modern World System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century, San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zahedieh, N. (2014). ‘Overseas Trade and Empire’, in Floud, R., Humphries, J. and Johnson, P. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Modern Britain, vol. 1: 1700–1870, Cambridge University Press, 392420.Google Scholar
Bértola, L., and Ocampo, J. A. (2012). The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bowen, H. (2007), East India Company: Trade and Domestic Financial Statistics, 1755–1838 [computer file]. Colchester: UK Data Archive [distributor]. SN: 5690, doi.org/10.5255/ukda-sn-5690-1 (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Chaudhury, K. N. (1978). The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company 1660–1760, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Crafts, N. F. R. (1985). British Economic Growth during the Industrial Revolution, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Cuenca Esteban, J. (2001). ‘The British Balance of Payments, 1772–1820: India Transfers and War Finance’, Economic History Review, 59(1), 5886.Google Scholar
Cuenca Esteban, J. (2008). ‘Statistics of Spain’s Colonial Trade, 1747–1820: New Estimates and Comparisons with Great Britain’, Revista de Historia Económica – Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History, 26, 323354.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, A. (1970). ‘Trade and Politics in Eighteenth Century India’, reprinted in Alam, M. and Subrahmanyam, S. (eds.), (1998), The Mughal State, 1526–1750, Oxford University Press, 361397.Google Scholar
Daudin, G. (2001). Le role du commerce dans la croissance: une réflexion à partir de la France du XXVIIe siècle, unpublished doctoral thesis, Université Paris I – Pantheón-Sorbonne.Google Scholar
Irwin, D. A. (2006). ‘Exports and Imports of Merchandise, Gold, and Silver: 1790–2002’, Table Ee362–375 in Carter, S. B., Gartner, S. S., Hains, M. R., Olmsted, A. L., Sutch, R. and Wright, G. (eds.), Historical Statistics of the United States, Earliest Times to the Present: Millennial Edition, Cambridge University Press. dx.doi.org/10.1017/ISBN-9780511132971.Ee362-611 (accessed 13 October 2020).Google Scholar
Mancall, P. C., Rosenbloom, J. L. and Weiss, T. (2006). ‘Exports and Slow Economic Growth in the Lower South Region, 1720–1800’, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 12045.Google Scholar
Mancall, P. C., Rosenbloom, J. L. and Weiss, T. (2008). ‘Commodity Exports, Invisible Exports and Terms of Trade for the Middle Colonies, 1720 to 1775’, National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 14334.Google Scholar
Reid, A. (1997). ‘A New Phase in Commercial Expansion in Southeast Asia, 1760–1850’, in Reid, A. (ed.), The Last Stand of Asian Autonomies: Responses to Modernity in the Diverse States of Southeast Asia and Korea, 1750–1900, London: Macmillan, 5781.Google Scholar
Rosenbloom, J. L. and Weiss, T. (2014). ‘Economic Growth in the Mid-Atlantic Region: Conjectural Estimates for 1720 to 1800’, Explorations in Economic History, 51, 4159.Google Scholar

References

Allen, R., Bassino, J.-P., Ma, D., Moll-Murate, C. and Van Zanden, J. L. (2011). ‘Wages, Prices, and Living Standards in China, 1738–1925: In Comparison with Europe, Japan and India’, Economic History Review, 64(S1), 838.Google Scholar
Attman, A. (1983). Dutch Enterprise in the World Bullion Trade, 1550–1800, Göteborg: Kungl. Vetenskaps – och Vitterhets – Samhället.Google Scholar
Barret, W. (1990). ‘World Bullion Flows, 1450–1800’, in Tracy, J. (ed.), The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World 1350–1750, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Blitz, R. C. (1967). ‘Mercantilist Policies and the Pattern of World Trade, 1500–1750’, Journal of Economic History, 27(1), 3955.Google Scholar
Bloomfield, A. (1959). Monetary Policy under the International Gold Standard, 1880–1914, New York: Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Google Scholar
Bordo, M. (1986). ‘Money, Deflation and Seigniorage in the Fifteenth Century: A Review Essay’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 18, 337346.Google Scholar
Braudel, F. (1979). Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, XVe–XVIIIe siècle, vol 1: Les structures du quotidien, Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
Bulbeck, D., Reid, A., Tan, L. C. and Wu, Y. (1998). Southeast Asian Exports since the 14th Century: Cloves, Pepper, Coffee and Sugar, Leiden: KITLV Press.Google Scholar
Cartier, M. (1981). ‘Les importations de métaux monétaires en Chine: essai sur la conjoncture chinoise’, Annales: Économies, sociétés, civilisations, 36(3), 454466.Google Scholar
Catão, L. and Solomou, S. (2005). ‘Effective Exchange Rates and the Classical Gold Standard Adjustment’, American Economic Review, 95, 1259–1275.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, K. N. (1978). The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company, 1660–1760, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, K, N (1982). ‘European Trade with India’, in Raychaudhuri, T. and Habib, I. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 1: c.1200–c.1750, Cambridge University Press, 382407.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S. (2017). ‘No Ready Money? No Problem! The Role of Hundis (Bills of Exchange) in Early Modern India, c. 1600–1800’, in Chaudhuri, S., Trade, Politics, and Society: the Indian Milieu in the Early Modern Era, New York: Routledge, chapter 3.Google Scholar
Chen, C. (1972). ‘Bimetallism: Theory and Controversy in Perspective’, History of Political Economy, 4(1), 89122.Google Scholar
Chilosi, D. and Volckart, O. (2010). ‘Good or Bad Money?: Debasement, Society and the State in the late Middle Ages’, Economic History Working Papers, 140/10, Department of Economic History, London School of Economics and Political Science.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1956). Money, Prices and Civilization in the Mediterranean World, Fifth to Seventeenth Century, New York: Gordian Press.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1989). Money in Sixteenth-Century Florence. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cipolla, C. M. (1996). Conquistadores, pirati, mercatanti. La saga dell’argento spagnuolo, Bologna: Societa Editrice Mulino.Google Scholar
Cooper, R. N. (1987). The International Monetary System: Essays in World Economics, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Darwin, L. (1898). Bimetallism: A Summary and Examination of the Arguments for and against a Bimetallic System of Currency, New York: Appleton.Google Scholar
Datta, R. (2003). ‘The Agrarian Economy and the Dynamics of Commercial Transactions’, in Marshall, P. J. (ed.), The Eighteenth Century in Indian History: Evolution or Revolution, Oxford University Press, 405555.Google Scholar
Dedinger, B. and Girard, P. (2017). ‘Exploring Trade Globalization in the Long Run: The RICardo Project’, Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 50(1), 3048.Google Scholar
Dehing, P. and ’T Hart, M. (1997). ‘Linking the Fortunes: Currency and Banking, 1550–1800’, in ’T Hart, M., Jonker, J. and van Zanden, J. L., A Financial History of the Netherlands, Cambridge University Press, 3763.Google Scholar
Denzel, M. A. (2010). Handbook of World Exchange Rates, 1590–1914, Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Dermigny, L. (1964). La Chine et L’Occident: Le Commerce à Canton au XVIIIe siècle, 3 volumes, Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N.Google Scholar
de Roover, R. A. (1953). L’Evolution de la Lettre de Change, XIVe–XVIIIe siècles, Paris: Armand Colin.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. (2003). ‘Connecting Europe and Asia: a quantitative analysis of the Cape-route trade, 1497–1795’, in Flynn, D. O., Giráldez, A. and von Glahn, R. (eds.), Global Connections and Monetary History, 1470–1800, Aldershot: Ashgate, 35106.Google Scholar
de Vries, J. and van der Woude, A. (1997). The First Modern Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500–1815, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
de Zwart, P. (2015). ‘Inflation’, IISH Dataverse, hdl.handle.net/10622/UJ3H1Q (accessed 15 October 2020).Google Scholar
Edvinsson, R. (2012). ‘Early Modern Copper Money: Multiple Currencies and Trimetallism in Sweden 1624–1776’, European Review of Economic History, 16(4), 408429.Google Scholar
Eichengreen, B. (1996). Globalizing Capital: A History of the International Monetary System, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Einzig, P. (1962). The History of Foreign Exchange, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Elgin, C., Karaman, K. and Pamuk, S. (2015). ‘Debasements in Europe and their Causes, 1500–1800’, Centre for Economic Policy Research working paper, cepr.org/sites/default/files/Pamuk%20-%20oslo%20text%20June%202015.pdf (accessed 14 October 2020).Google Scholar
Fantacci, L. (2008). ‘The Dual Currency System of Renaissance Europe’, Financial History Review, 15(1), 5572.Google Scholar
Feavearyear, A. E. (1931). The Pound Sterling: A History of English Money, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, I. (1894). ‘The Mechanics of Bimetallism’, The Economic Journal, 4(15), 527537.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M. (1996). ‘Adjusting the Gold Rush: Endogenous Bullion Points and the French Balance of Payments, 1846–1870’, Explorations in Economic History, 33(4), 417439.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M. (1997). ‘As Good as Gold? Bimetallism in Equilibrium, 1850–1870’, in Marcuzzo, M. C., Officer, L. H. and Rosselli, A. (eds.), Monetary Standards and Exchange Rates, London and New York: Routledge, 150176.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M. (2002). ‘“Water Seeks a Level”: Modelling Bimetallic Exchange Rates and the Bimetallic Band’, Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 34(2), 491519.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M. (2004). The Glitter of Gold: France, Bimetallism, and the Emergence of the International Gold Standard, 1848–1873, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Flandreau, F. and Jobst, C. (2005). ‘The Ties that Divide: A Network Analysis of the International Monetary System, 1890–1910’, Journal of Economic History, 65(4), 9771007.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M., Galimard, C., Jobst, C. and Nogues-Marco, P. (2009a). ‘The Bell Jar: Commercial Interest Rates between Two Revolutions, 1688–1789’, in Atack, J. and Neal, L. (eds.), The Origins and Developments of Financial Markets and Institutions from the Seventeenth Century to the Present, Cambridge University Press, 161208.Google Scholar
Flandreau, M., Galimard, C., Jobst, C. and Nogues-Marco, P. (2009b). ‘Monetary Geography before the Industrial Revolution’, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2(2), 149171.Google Scholar
Flynn, D. O. (1984). ‘Use and Misuse of the Quantity Theory of Money in Early Modern Historiography’, in van Cauwenberghe, E. and Irsigler, F. (eds.), Minting, Monetary Circulation and Exchange Rates, Trier: Verlag Trierer Historische Forschungen, 383417.Google Scholar
Flynn, D. O. (2012). ‘Precious Metals and Moneys, 1200–1800’, in Caprio, G. (ed.), Handbook of Key Global Financial Markets, Institutions, and Infrastructure, vol. 1, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 220230.Google Scholar
Flynn, D. and Giráldez, A. (2002). ‘Cycles of Silver: Global Economy Unity through the Mid-18th Century’, Journal of World History, 13, 391428.Google Scholar
Flynn, D. and Giráldez, A. (2004). ‘Path Dependence, Time Lags and the Birth of Globalization: A Critique of O’Rourke and Williamson’, European Review of Economic History, 8, 81108.Google Scholar
Fouquin, M. and Hugot, J. (2016). ‘Two Centuries of Bilateral Trade and Gravity Data: 1827–2014’, Centres d’Études Prospectives et Informations Internationales (CEPII) working paper 2016–14.Google Scholar
Freire Costa, L., Münch Miranda, S. and Nogues-Marco, P. (forthcoming). ‘Early Modern Financial Development in the Iberian Peninsula’, in Lains, P. (general ed.), An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000, Cambridge University Press, part II, chapter 3.Google Scholar
Friedman, M. (1990). ‘Bimetallism Revisited’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4(4), 85104.Google Scholar
Garber, P. M. (1986). ‘Nominal Contracts in a Bimetallic Standard’, American Economic Review, 76(5), 10121030.Google Scholar
Garber, P. M. and Weisbrod, S. R. (1992). The Economics of Banking, Liquidity, and Money, Lexington: D. C. Heath and Company.Google Scholar
Giffen, R. (1892). The Case Against Bimetallism, London: Bell.Google Scholar
Gillard, L. (2004). La Banque d’Amsterdam et Le Florin Européen Au Temps De La République Néerlandaise (1610–1820), Paris: Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales.Google Scholar
Greenberg, M. (1951). British Trade and the Opening of China, 1800–42, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gupta, S. P. and Moosvi, S. (1973). ‘Weighted Price and Revenue-Rate Indices of Eastern Rajasthan (c. 1665–1750)’, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 34(I), 298302.Google Scholar
Habib, I. (1971). ‘The System of Bills of Exchange (“Hundis”) in the Mughal Empire’, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 33, 290303.Google Scholar
Habib, I. (1982). ‘Monetary Systems and Prices’, in Raychaudhuri, T. and Habib, I. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of India, vol 1: c.1200–c.1750, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Habib, I. (1987). ‘A System of Trimetallism in the Age of the “Price Revolution”: Effects of the Silver Influx on the Mughal Monetary System’, in Richards, J. F. (ed.), The Imperial Monetary System of Mughal India, Oxford University Press, 147159.Google Scholar
Hauser, H. (1936). Recherches et documents sur l’histoire des Prix en France de 1500 à 1800, Paris: Les Presses Modernes-Imprimerie au Palais – Royal.Google Scholar
Heckscher, E. F. (1954). An Economic History of Sweden, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hogendorn, J. and Johnson, M. (1986). The Shell Money of the Slave Trade, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hume, D. (1955). Writings on Economics, ed. Rotwein, E., Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Jastram, R. W. (1977). The Golden Constant: The English and American Experience, 1560–1976, New York: John Wiley.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. (1970). ‘The Cowrie Currencies of West Africa’, Journal of African History, 11, 1748.Google Scholar
Jonker, J. (1996). Merchants, Bankers, Middlemen: The Amsterdam Money Market during the First Half of the 19th Century, Amsterdam: Nederlandsch Economisch-Historisch Archief.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, C. P. (1989). Spenders and Hoarders: The World Distribution of Spanish American Silver, 1550–1750, Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Kindleberger, C. P. (1993). A Financial History of Western Europe, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Krishna, B. (1924). Commercial Relations between India and England (1601 to 1757), London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Laughlin, J. L. (1885). The History of Bimetallism in the United States, New York: D. Appleton and Co.Google Scholar
Lemale, A. (1875). Monnaies, poids, mesures et usages commerciaux de tous les états du monde, Paris: Hachette & Cie.Google Scholar
Locke, J. (2010 [1696]). Further Considerations Concerning Raising the Value of Money, Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing.Google Scholar
Marshall, P. J. (1976). East Indian Fortunes. The British in Bengal in the Eighteenth Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
McCusker, J. J. (1978). Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600–1775: A Handbook, London: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Meissner, C. (2005). ‘A New World Order: Explaining the International Diffusion of the Gold Standard, 1870–1913’, Journal of International Economics, 66(2), 385406.Google Scholar
Miskimin, H. A. (1964). Money, Prices and Foreign Exchange in Fourteenth Century France, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Miskimin, H. A. (1984). Money and Power in Fifteenth-Century France, New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Morgan, K. (2005). ‘Remittance Procedures in the Eighteenth-Century British Slave Trade’, Business History Review, 79(4), 715749.Google Scholar
Munro, J. H. (ed.) (2012). Money in the Pre-Industrial World: Bullion, Debasements and Coin Substitutes, London: Pickering & Chatto.Google Scholar
Murphy, A. (2009). Genesis of Macroeconomics: New Ideas from Sir William Petty to Henry Thornton, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Neal, L. (1990). The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nogues-Marco, P. (2013). ‘Competing Bimetallic Ratios: Amsterdam, London and Bullion Arbitrage in mid-18th Century’, Journal of Economic History, 73(2), 445476.Google Scholar
Nogues-Marco, P. (2018). ‘Money Markets and Exchange Rates in Preindustrial Europe’, in Battilossi, S., Cassis, Y. and Yago, K. (eds.), Handbook of the History of Money and Currency, Singapore: Springer.Google Scholar
Nogues-Marco, P. (2019). ‘Trade Imbalances or Specie Arbitrage? Anglo-Asian Bullion Flows in the Early Modern Period, 1664–1811’, Centre for Economic Policy Research working paper 14582, portal.cepr.org/discussion-paper/14582 (accessed 9 November 2020).Google Scholar
Nogues-Marco, P. (2021). ‘Measuring Colonial Extraction. The East India Company’s Rule and the Drain of Wealth, 1757–1858’, Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics, 2(1), 154–193.Google Scholar
Nurul Hasan, S. and Gupta, S. P. (1967). ‘Prices of Food Grains in the Territories of Amber (c.1650–1750)’, Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 29(1), 345368.Google Scholar
Oppers, S. (1996). ‘Was the Worldwide Shift to Gold Inevitable? An Analysis of the End of Bimetallism’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 37(1): 143162.Google Scholar
Oppers, S. (2000). ‘A Model of the Bimetallic System’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 46(2), 517533.Google Scholar
Palma, N. and Silva, A. (2017). ‘Spending a Windfall: American Precious Metals and Euro-Asian Trade 1531–1810’, GGDC Research Memorandum, 165.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. (2000). A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Polak, M. S. (1998). Historiografie En Economie Van De ‘muntchaos’: De Muntproductie Van De Republiek (1606–1795), Amsterdam: Nederlandsch Economisch-Historisch Archief.Google Scholar
Prakash, O. (1985). The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630–1720, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Prakash, O. (1986). ‘Precious Metal Flows in Asia and World Economic Integration in the 17th Century’, in Fischer, W., McInnis, R. M. and Schneider, J. (eds.), The Emergence of a World Economy, 1500–1914, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 8396.Google Scholar
Prakash, O. (1994). ‘Precious Metal Flows, Coinage and Prices in India in the 17th and the Early 18th century’, in Prakash, O. (ed.), Precious Metals and Commerce: The Dutch East India Company in the Indian Ocean Trade, Aldershot: Variorum.Google Scholar
Prakash, O. (2005). ‘The Great Divergence: Evidence from Eighteenth-Century India’, LSE Working Paper (paper presented at the Seventh Global Economic History Network Conference at Istanbul).Google Scholar
Qiao, Z. (2017). ‘The Rise of Shanxi Merchants: Empire, Institutions, and Social Change in Qing China, 1688–1850’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Department of History, Stanford University, September 2017.Google Scholar
Quinn, S. and Roberds, W. (2009). ‘An Economic Explanation of the Early Bank of Amsterdam, Debasement, Bills of Exchange and the Emergence of the First Central Bank’, in Atack, J. and Neal., L. (eds.), The Origins and Development of Financial Markets and Institutions: From the Seventeenth Century to the Present, Cambridge University Press, 3270.Google Scholar
Quinn, S., and Roberds, W. (2014). ‘The Bank of Amsterdam through the Lens of Monetary Competition’, in Bernholz, P. and Vaubel, R. (eds.), Explaining Monetary and Financial Innovation, Cham: Springer Press, 283300.Google Scholar
Quinn, S., and Roberds, W. (2016). ‘Death of a Reserve Currency’, International Journal of Central Banking, 12(4), 63103.Google Scholar
Redish, A. (1990). ‘The Evolution of the Gold Standard in England’, Journal of Economic History, 50(4), 789805.Google Scholar
Redish, A. (1995). ‘The Persistence of Bimetallism in Nineteenth-Century France’, Economic History Review, 48(4), 717736.Google Scholar
Redish, A. (2000). Bimetallism. An Economic and Historical Analysis, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rolnick, A. and Weber, W. E. (1986). ‘Gresham’s Law or Gresham’s Fallacy?’, Journal of Political Economy, 94(1), 185199.Google Scholar
Rolnick, A. J., Velde, F. R. and Warren, E. W. (1996). ‘The Debasement Puzzle: An Essay on Medieval Monetary History’, Journal of Economic History, 56(4), 789808.Google Scholar
Santarosa, V. A. (2015). ‘Financing Long-Distance Trade: The Joint Liability Rule and Bills of Exchange in Eighteenth-Century France’, Journal of Economic History, 75(3), 690719.Google Scholar
Sargent, T. J. and Velde, F. R. (2002). The Big Problem of Small Change, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Shaw, W. (1895). The History of Currency: 1252–1894, London: Wilsons & Milne.Google Scholar
Spufford, P. (1988). Money and its Use in Medieval Europe, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sussman, N. (1993). ‘Debasements, Royal Revenues and Inflation in France during the Hundred Year’s War, 1415–1422’, Journal of Economic History, 53(1), 4470.Google Scholar
TePaske, J. J. (1983). ‘New World Silver, Castile and the Philippines 1590–1800’, in Richards, J. F. (ed.), Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds, Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 424446.Google Scholar
TePaske, J. J. (2010). A New World of Gold and Silver, in Brown, K. W. (ed.), Leiden: E. J. Brill.Google Scholar
van der Wee, H. (1977). ‘Monetary, Credit, and Banking Systems’, in Rich, E. E. and Wilson, C. H. (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Europe, vol.5: The Economic Organisation of Early Modern Europe, Cambridge University Press, 290392.Google Scholar
Velde, F. R. and Weber, W. E. (2000). ‘A Model of Bimetallism’, Journal of Political Economy, 108(6), 12101234.Google Scholar
Velde, F. R., and Weber, W. E. (2008). Government Equity and Money – John Law’s System in 1720 France, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Vilar, P. (1974). Or et Monnaie dans l’Histoire, Paris: Flammarion.Google Scholar
Vogel, H. U. (1987). ‘Chinese Central Monetary Policy, 1644–1800’, Late Imperial China, 8(2), 152.Google Scholar
von Glahn, R. (1996). ‘Myth and Reality of China’s Seventeenth-Century Monetary Crisis’, Journal of Economic History, 56, 429454.Google Scholar
von Glahn, R. (2003). ‘Money Use in China and Changing Patterns of Global Trade in Monetary Metals, 1500–1800’, in Flynn, D. O., Giráldez, A. and von Glahn, R. (eds.), Global Connections and Monetary History, 1470–1800, Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Walker, F. A. (1896). International Bimetallism, London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Walras, L. (1881). Théorique mathématique du bimétallisme, Lausanne: Corbaz.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. C. (1992). ‘Secular Trends of Rice Prices in the Yangzi Delta, 1638–1935’, in Rawski, T. G. and Li, L. M. (eds.), Chinese History in Economic Perspective, University of California Press, 3568.Google Scholar
Willis, H. P. (1901). A History of the Latin Monetary Union: A Study of International Monetary Action, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Yan, H., Qiao, Z. and Xu, C. (2018). ‘A Multi-Layer System and Its Features: Reconceptualizing the Monetary Regime of Late Qing and Modern China’, Frontiers of Economics in China, 13(3), 437457.Google Scholar

References

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2001). ‘The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation’, American Economic Review, 91, 13691401.Google Scholar
Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J. A. (2002). ‘Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117, 12311294.Google Scholar
Allen, R. C. (2009). The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Andrade, T. (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Austin, G. (2008). ‘The “Reversal of Fortune” Thesis and the Compression of History: Perspectives from African and Comparative Economic History’, Journal of International Development, 20, 9961027.Google Scholar
Barua, P. (1994). ‘Military Developments in India, 1750–1850’, Journal of Military History, 58, 599.Google Scholar
Bayly, C. A. (1985). ‘State and Economy in India over Seven Hundred Years’, Economic History Review, 38, 583596.Google Scholar
Bayly, C. A. (1990). Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Beckert, S. (2015). Empire of Cotton: A Global History, New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Brandt, L., Ma, D. and Rawski, T. G. (2014). ‘From Divergence to Convergence: Reevaluating the History behind China’s Economic Boom’, Journal of Economic Literature, 52, 45123.Google Scholar
Coşgel, M. M. and Miceli, T. J. (2005). ‘Risk, Transaction Costs, and Tax Assignment: Government Finance in the Ottoman Empire’, Journal of Economic History, 65, 806821.Google Scholar
Coşgel, M. M., Miceli, T. and Ahmed, R. (2009). ‘Law, State Power, and Taxation in Islamic History’, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 71, 704717.Google Scholar
Cox, G. W. (2012). ‘Was the Glorious Revolution a Constitutional Watershed?’, Journal of Economic History, 72, 567600.Google Scholar
Davis, L. E. and Huttenback, R. A. (1986). Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of British Imperialism, 1860–1912, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dincecco, M. (2009a). ‘Fiscal Centralization, Limited Government, and Public Revenues in Europe, 1650–1913’, Journal of Economic History, 69, 48103.Google Scholar
Dincecco, M. (2009b). ‘Political Regimes and Sovereign Credit Risk in Europe, 1750–1913’, European Review of Economic History, 13, 3163.Google Scholar
Dincecco, M. (2011). Political Transformations and Public Finances: Europe, 1650–1913, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L. and Sokoloff, K. L. (1997). ‘Factor Endowments, Institutions, and Differential Paths of Growth Among New World Economies’, in Haber, S. (ed.), How Latin America Fell Behind, Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 260304.Google Scholar
Engerman, S. L. and Sokoloff, K. L. (2012). Economic Development in the Americas since 1500, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, E. W. and Richardson, D. (1995). ‘Hunting for Rents: The Economics of Slaving in Pre-Colonial Africa’, Economic History Review, 48, 665686.Google Scholar
Findlay, R. and O’Rourke, K. H. (2007). Power and Plenty: Trade, War, and the World Economy in the Second Millennium, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gommans, J. L. (2002). Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500–1700, London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Goody, J. (1971). Technology, Tradition and the State in Pre-Colonial Africa, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gordon, S. (1998). ‘The Limited Adoption of European-Style Military Forces by Eighteenth Century Rulers in India’, Indian Economic and Social History Review, 35, 229–245.Google Scholar
Guézo, A. (2010). ‘The Impact of British Abolition on the States in the Hinterland of the Slave Coast’, Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria, 19, 132156.Google Scholar
Gupta, B. and Roy, T. (2017). ‘From Artisanal Production to Machine Tools: Industrialization in India over the Long Run’, in O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (eds.), The Spread of Modern Industry to the Periphery since 1871, Oxford University Press, 229255.Google Scholar
Hahn, S. (2016). A Nation Without Borders: The United States and Its World in an Age of Civil Wars, 1830–1910, New York: Penguin.Google Scholar
Headrick, D. R. (1981). The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Headrick, D. R. (2010). Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, P. T. (1996). Growth in a Traditional Society: The French Countryside, 1450–1815, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hoffman, P. T. (2015). Why Did Europe Conquer the World?, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. G. (1968). ‘Economic Imperialism in West Africa: Lagos, 1880–92’, Economic History Review, 21, 580606.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. G. (2009). ‘The “New International Economic Order” in the Nineteenth Century: Britain’s First Development Plan for Africa’, in Law, R. (ed.), From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa, Cambridge University Press, 240264.Google Scholar
Huang, R. (1974). Taxation and Governmental Finance in Sixteenth-Century Ming China, vol. 4, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Huillery, E. (2014). ‘The Black Man’s Burden: The Cost of Colonization of French West Africa’, Journal of Economic History, 74, 138.Google Scholar
Ingram, E. (1984). In Defence of British India: Great Britain in the Middle East, 1775–1842, London: Frank Cass.Google Scholar
Inikori, J. E. (1977). ‘The Import of Firearms into West Africa, 1750–1807’, Journal of African History, 18, 339368.Google Scholar
Jones, E. (2003). The European Miracle: Environments, Economies and Geopolitics in the History of Europe and Asia, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kelly, M., Mokyr, J. and Ó Gráda, C. (2014). ‘Precocious Albion: A New Interpretation of the British Industrial Revolution’, Annual Review of Economics, 6, 363389.Google Scholar
Law, R. (1986). ‘Dahomey and the Slave Trade: Reflections on the Historiography of the Rise of Dahomey’, Journal of African History, 27, 237267.Google Scholar
Law, R. (1989). ‘Slave-Raiders and Middlemen, Monopolists and Free-Traders: The Supply of Slaves for the Atlantic Trade in Dahomey c.1715–1850’, Journal of African History, 30, 4568.Google Scholar
Law, R. (2009). ‘Introduction’ in Law, R. (ed.), From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce: The Commercial Transition in Nineteenth-Century West Africa, Cambridge University Press, 131.Google Scholar
Lieberman, V. (2008). ‘The Qing Dynasty and Its Neighbors: Early Modern China in World History’, Social Science History, 32, 281304.Google Scholar
Manning, P. (1990). Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mokyr, J. (2017). A Culture of Growth, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Monson, A. and Scheidel, W. (eds.) (2015). Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Neal, L. (1990). The Rise of Financial Capitalism: International Capital Markets in the Age of Reason, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nunn, N. (2008). ‘The Long-Term Effect of Africa’s Slave Trades’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123, 139176.Google Scholar
Oak, M. and Swamy, A. V. (2012). ‘Myopia or Strategic Behavior? Indian Regimes and the East India Company in Late Eighteenth-Century India’, Explorations in Economic History, 49, 352366.Google Scholar
Ojo, O. (2008). ‘The Organization of the Atlantic Slave Trade in Yorubaland, c.1777 to c.1856’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 41, 77100.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, K. H. and Williamson, J. G. (1999). Globalization and History: The Evolution of a Nineteenth-Century Atlantic Economy, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pamuk, Ş. (2004). ‘Institutional Change and the Longevity of the Ottoman Empire, 1500–1800’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 35, 225247.Google Scholar
Parker, G. (1988). The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West 1500–1800, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Perdue, P. C. (2005). China Marches West: the Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Pomeranz, K. (2000). The Great Divergence : China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, R. L. (1980). ‘Production and Reproduction of Warrior States: Segu Bambara and Segu Tokolor, c.1712–1890’, International Journal of African Historical Studies, 13, 389419.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, J. L. and Bin Wong, R. (2011). Before and Beyond Divergence, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Roy, K. (2005). ‘Military Synthesis in South Asia: Armies, Warfare, and Indian Society, c.1740–1849’, Journal of Military History, 69, 651690.Google Scholar
Roy, T. (2013). ‘Rethinking the Origins of British India: State Formation and Military-Fiscal Undertakings in an Eighteenth-Century World Region’, Modern Asian Studies, 47, 11251156.Google Scholar
Roy, T. (2016). ‘The Mutiny and the Merchants’, The Historical Journal, 59, 393416.Google Scholar
Sng, T. H. (2014). ‘Size and Dynastic Decline: The Principal-Agent Problem in Late Imperial China, 1700–1850’, Explorations in Economic History, 54, 107127.Google Scholar
Thornton, J. (1999). Warfare in Atlantic Africa 1500–1800, London: UCL Press.Google Scholar
Vries, P. H. H. (2002). ‘Governing Growth: A Comparative Analysis of the Role of the State in the Rise of the West’, Journal of World History, 13, 67138.Google Scholar
Will, P. E. and Wong, R. B. (1991). Nourish the People, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×