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Chapter 12 - Autism and inclusion

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Summary

Abstract

This chapter will focus on strategies for inclusion of learners with autism in mainstream education in accord with human rights policies and legislation. These strategies will be addressed by being entrenched in the inclusive pedagogy. The teaching strategies for inclusion of learners with autism addressed will be grounded in ensuring equity and equitable access, acceptance, participation and success of these learners mainstream classes in the community of their typically developing peers. This will include understanding inclusion, autism and how teachers can meet the needs of learners with and without autism in mainstream classes simultaneously. Teachers will be guided on applying their knowledge of inclusion, curriculum adaptation, classroom support, psycho-social support, emotional support, communication support and positive behaviour management in collaboration and discourse with other stakeholders. They will also be motivated to reflect on the success and effectiveness of adoption and adaptation of inclusion strategies in response to the needs of individual learners with autism and their contexts. Furthermore, practical considerations with respect to the process, content, environment and product of teaching and learning in mainstream classes will be discussed in a bid to bridge the theory and practice gap in inclusion of learners with autism in mainstream school classrooms. Teachers will be sensitised on how to support the social, behavioural and communication development of learners with autism in mainstream classrooms. The provision of interventions/support that meet the needs of learners with autism in the context of the mainstream classes will be discussed.

Introduction

Embedded within international research findings, this chapter presents challenges and ‘best practices’ in inclusion of learners with autism in mainstream education using Afrocentric lens particularly Ubuntu philosophy. Globally, autism is the most prevalent neurological disorder among children (Chandler-Olcott & Kluth, 2009). Autism is diagnosed in about 1:68 children (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). This is higher than 1:88 that was revealed in 2012 (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Autism is characterised by deficits in language development (communication), lack of peer relationships, impaired non-verbal behaviour (social development), ritualistic behaviour and resistance to change (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Humphrey 2008; Lynch & Irvine, 2009; Mandell, Ittenbach, Levy & Pinto-Martin, 2007). Autism is perceived as the ultimate learning disability because of its associated social and language difficulties (Jones & Frederickson, 2010).

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Autism
Perspectives from Africa Volume 1
, pp. 162 - 174
Publisher: University of South Africa
Print publication year: 2020

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