Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 17
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
May 2017
Print publication year:
2017
Online ISBN:
9781139049559

Book description

In its 1500-year history, the English language has seen dramatic grammatical changes. This book offers a comprehensive and reader-friendly account of the major developments, including changes in word order, the noun phrase and verb phrase, changing relations between clausal constituents and the development of new subordinate constructions. The book puts forward possible explanations for change, drawing on the existing and most recent literature, and with reference to the major theoretical models. The authors use corpus evidence to investigate language-internal and language-external motivations for change, including the impact of language contact. The book is intended for students who have been introduced to the history of English and want to deepen their understanding of major grammatical changes, and for linguists in general with a historical interest. It will also be of value to literary scholars professionally engaged with older texts.

Reviews

‘A data-rich fresh look at the history of English, its NP, VP and clausal structure, with an eye for the role of language contact.'

Elly Van Gelderen - Arizona State University

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References

Aarts, B. and McMahon, A. (eds.) 2006. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Adamson, S. 2000. ‘A lovely little example: Word order options and category shift in the premodifying string’, in Fischer et al. (eds.), 39–66.
Algeo, J. 2006. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Allen, C.L. 1980. ‘Whether in Old English’. Linguistic Inquiry 11: 789–93.
Allen, C.L. 1992. ‘Old English and the syntactician: Some remarks and a syntactician’s guide to editions of the works of Ælfric’, in Colman, F. (ed.), Evidence for Old English: Material and Theoretical Bases for Reconstruction. Edinburgh: John Donald, 119.
Allen, C. L. 1995. Case Marking and Reanalysis: Grammatical Relations from Old to Early Modern English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Allen, C.L. 1997. ‘Middle English case loss and the “creolization” hypothesis’. English Language and Linguistics 1: 6389.
Allen, C.L. 2001. ‘The development of a new passive in English’, in Butt, M. and King, T. Holloway (eds.), Time over Matter: Diachronic Perspectives on Morphosyntax. Stanford: CSLI, 4372.
Allen, C.L. 2002. ‘Case and Middle English genitive noun phrases’, in Lightfoot, D.W. (ed.), Syntactic Effects of Morphological Change. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 5780.
Allen, C.L. 2006. ‘Case syncretism and word order change’, in Van Kemenade and Los (eds.), 201–23.
Allen, C.L. 2008. Genitives in Early English. Typology and Evidence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Allen, C.L. 2012. ‘Why a determiner? The possessive+determiner+adjective construction in Old English’, in Meurman-Solin et al. (eds.), 245–70.
Altenberg, B. 1982. The Genitive v. the Of-Construction: A Study of Syntactic Variation in Seventeenth-Century English. Lund: CWK Gleerup.
Anderwald, L. 2005. ‘Negative concord in British English dialects’, in Iyeiri, Y. (ed.), Aspects of English Negation. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 113–37.
Anttila, R. 2003. ‘Analogy: The warp and woof of cognition’, in Joseph and Janda (eds.), 425–40.
Arnaud, R. 1983. ‘On the progress of the progressive in the private correspondence of famous British people 1800–1880’, in Jacobson, S. (ed.), Papers from the Second Scandinavian Symposium on Syntactic Variation. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 8391.
Arnaud, R. 1998. ‘The development of the progressive in 19th century English: A quantitative survey’. Language Variation and Change 10: 123–52.
Atkinson, D. 1999. Scientific Discourse in Sociohistorical Context: The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 1675–1975. London: Erlbaum.
Bache, C. 2000. Essentials of Mastering English: A Concise Grammar. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Baldi, P. 1990. ‘Indo-European languages’, in Comrie, B. (ed.), The Major Languages of Western Europe. London: Routledge, 2157.
Ball, C. 1991. The Historical Development of the It-Cleft. PhD dissertation: University of Pennsylvania.
Bandle, O., Braunmüller, K., Jahr, E.H. et al. (eds.) 2005. The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. Vol. 2. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Baron, N.S. 2008. Always on: Language in an Online and Mobile World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Barðdal, J., Smirnova, E., Sommerer, L. and Gildea, S. (eds.) 2015. Diachronic Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Beal, J.C., Corrigan, K.P. and Moisl, H.L. (eds.) 2007. Creating and Digitizing Language Corpora, vol. 2: Diachronic Databases. Houndsmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bech, K. 2012. ‘Word order, information structure, and discourse relations: A study of Old and Middle English verb-final clauses’, in Meurman-Solin et al. (eds.), 66–86.
Bennett, P., Durrell, M., Scheible, S. and Whitt, R.J. (eds.) 2013. New Methods in Historical Corpora. Tübingen: Narr.
Bergs, A. 2005. Social Networks and Historical Sociolinguistics: Studies in Morphosyntactic Variation in the Paston Letters 1421–1503. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Bermúdez-Otero, R., Denison, D., Hogg, R.M. and McCully, C.B. (eds.) 2000. Generative Theory and Corpus Linguistics: A Dialogue from 10 ICEHL. Berlin: Mouton.
Biber, D. 1988. Variation across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Biber, D. and Clark, V. 2002. ‘Historical shifts in modification patterns with complex noun phrase structures: How long can you go without a verb?’, in Fanego, T., López-Couso, M.J., and J. Pérez-Guerra, (eds.), English Historical Syntax and Morphology: Selected Papers from 11 ICEHL. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 4366.
Biber, D. and Finegan, E. 1989. ‘Drift and the evolution of English style: A history of three genres’. Language 65: 487517.
Biber, D. and Gray, B. 2011. ‘Grammatical change in the noun phrase: The influence of written language use’. English Language and Linguistics 15: 223–50.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G., Conrad, S. and Finegan, E. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow: Longman.
Blake, N. (ed.) 1992. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 2: 1066–1676. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bolinger, D. 1952. ‘Linear modification’. Language 67: 1117–44.
Bolinger, D. 1967. ‘Apparent constituents in surface structure’. Word 23: 4756.
Brazil, D. 1995. A Grammar of Speech. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Breban, T. 2010. English Adjectives of Comparison: Lexical and Grammaticalized Uses. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Breban, T. 2012. ‘Functional shifts and the development of English determiners’, in Meurman-Solin et al. (eds.), 271–300.
Brems, L. and Davidse, K. 2010. ‘The grammaticalization of nominal type noun constructions with kind/sort of: Chronology and paths of change’. English Studies 91: 180202.
Bresnan, J.W. and Ford, M. 2010. ‘Predicting syntax: Processing dative constructions in American and Australian varieties of English’. Language 86: 168213.
Brinton, L.J. 1988. The Development of English Aspectual Systems: Aspectualizers and Post-Verbal Particles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brinton, L.J. 1996. Pragmatic Markers in English: Grammaticalization and Discourse Functions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brinton, L.J. and Akimoto, M. (eds.) 1999. Collocational and Idiomatic Aspects of Composite Predicates in the History of English. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Brinton, L.J. and Traugott, E.C. 2005. Lexicalization and Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Britain, D. 2002. ‘Space and spatial diffusion’, in Chambers et al. (eds.), 603–37.
Bybee, J.L., Perkins, R. and Pagliuca, W. 1994. The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Bybee, J.L. and Torres Cacoullos, R. 2009. ‘The role of prefabs in grammaticization: How the particular and the general interact in language change’, in Corrigan, R.L., Moravcsik, E.A., Ouali, H. and Wheatley, K. (eds.), Formulaic Language, vol. 1: Distribution and Historical Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 187217.
Cappelle, B. 2005. Particle Patterns in English. A Comprehensive Coverage. PhD dissertation: KU Leuven.
Chambers, J.K., Trudgill, P. and Schilling-Estes, N. (eds.) 2002. The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell.
Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.
Christiansen, M.H. and Kirby, S. (eds.) 2003. Language Evolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Claridge, C. 2000. Multi-Word Verbs in Early Modern English: A Corpus-Based Study. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Claridge, C. and Walker, T. 2001. ‘Causal clauses in written and speech-related genres in Early Modern English’. ICAME Journal 25: 3163.
Cloutier, R. 2005. Review of Carola Trips 2002. From OV to VO in Early Middle English. English Language and Linguistics 9: 181–91.
Coates, R. 2002. ‘The significances of Celtic place-names in England’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 47–85.
Colman, F. 1988. ‘Heavy arguments in Old English’, in Anderson, J. and Macleod, N., (eds.), Edinburgh Studies in the English Language. Edinburgh: John Donald, 3389.
Croft, W. 2000. Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. London: Longman.
Croft, W. 2012. Verbs. Aspect and Causal Structure. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Crystal, D. 1980. ‘Neglected grammatical factors in conversational English’, in Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J. (eds.), Studies in English Linguistics for Randolph Quirk, London: Longman, 153–66.
Dąbrowska, E. 2004. Language, Mind and Brain: Some Psychological and Neurological Constraints on Theories of Grammar. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Dahl, Ö. 2010. ‘The grammar of future time reference in European languages’, in Dahl, Ö. (ed.), Tense and Aspect in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 309–28.
Davidse, K. 1996. ‘Functional dimensions of the dative in English’, in van Belle, W. and Langendonck, W. (eds.), The Dative, vol. 1: Descriptive Studies. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 289338.
Davidse, K., Breban, T. and Van linden, A. 2008. ‘Deictification: The development of secondary deictic meanings by adjectives in the English NP’. English Language and Linguistics 12: 475503.
Deacon, T.W. 1997. The Symbolic Species. London: Norton.
Declerck, R. 1981. ‘On the role of the progressive aspect in nonfinite perception verb complements’. Glossa 15: 83113.
De Cuypere, L. 2015. ‘The Old English to-dative construction’. English Language and Linguistics 19: 125.
De Haan, F. 2010. ‘Typology of tense, aspect, and modality systems’, in Song, J. Jung (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 443–64.
De Haas, N.K. 2011. Morphosyntactic Variation in Northern English. The Northern Subject Rule, Its Origins and Early History. Utrecht: LOT.
Denison, D. 1985a. ‘The origins of periphrastic “do”: Ellegård and Visser reconsidered’, in Eaton, R., Fischer, O., Koopman, W.F. and van der Leek, F. (eds.), Papers from the Fourth International Conference on English Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 4560.
Denison, D. 1985b. ‘The origins of completive up in English’. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 86: 3761.
Denison, D. 1993. English Historical Syntax. London: Longman.
Denison, D. 1998. ‘Syntax’, in Romaine, S. (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 4: 1176–1997, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 92329.
Denison, D. 2006. ‘Category change and gradience in the Determiner system’, in Van Kemenade and Los (eds.), 279–304.
Denison, D., Bermúdez-Otero, R., McCully, C. and Moore, E. (eds.), 2012. Analysing Older English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Depraetere, I. and Reed, S. 2006. ‘Mood and modality in English’, in Aarts and McMahon (eds.), 269–90.
De Smet, H. 2008. Diffusional Change in the English System of Complementation: Gerunds, Participles and for…to-Infinitives. PhD dissertation: KU Leuven.
De Smet, H. 2009. ‘Analyzing reanalysis’. Lingua 19: 1728–55.
De Smet, H. 2010. ‘Grammatical interference: Subject marker for and phrasal verb particle out’, in Traugott and Trousdale (eds.), 75–104.
De Smet, H. 2013a. Spreading Patterns: Diffusional Change in the English System of Complementation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
De Smet, H. 2013b. ‘Does innovation need reanalysis?’, in Coussé, E. and von Mengden, F. (eds.), Usage-Based Approaches to Language Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2348.
De Smet, H. 2014. ‘Constrained confusion: The gerund/participle distinction in Late Modern English’, in Hundt, M. (ed.), Late Modern English Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 224–38.
De Smet, H. and Vancaeyzele, E. 2014. ‘Like a rolling stone: The changing use of English premodifying present participles’. English Language and Linguistics 19: 131–56.
De Smet, H., Flach, S., Tyrkkö, J. and Diller, H.-J. 2015. The Corpus of Late Modern English (CLMET), version 3.1: Improved tokenization and linguistic annotation. KU Leuven, FU Berlin, U Tampere, RU Bochum. Available from https://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0044428/clmet3_1.htm.
Diewald, G. 2011. ‘Grammaticalization and pragmaticalization’, in Narrog and Heine (eds.), 438–61.
Disterheft, D. 1981. ‘Remarks on the history of the Indo-European infinitive’. Folia Linguistica Historica 2: 334.
Dixon, R.M.W. 1982. Where Have All the Adjectives Gone? Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dreschler, G. 2015. Passives and the Loss of Verb Second. A Study of Syntactic and Information-Structural Factors. Utrecht: LOT.
Drinka, B. 2013. ‘Sources of auxiliation in the perfects of Europe’. Studies in Language 37: 599644.
Dryer, M. 1996. ‘Word order typology’, in Jacobs, J., von Stechow, A., Sternefeld, W. and Vennemann, T. (eds.) Syntax: An International Handbook of Contemporary Research, vol. 2. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1050–65.
Elenbaas, M. 2007. The Synchronic and Diachronic Syntax of the English Verb-Particle Combination. Utrecht: LOT.
Ellegård, A. 1953. The Auxiliary Do. The Establishment and Regulation of Its Use in English. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Emonds, J.E. and Faarlund, J.T. 2014. English: The Language of the Vikings. Olomouc: Palacký University.
Engel, D.M. and Ritz, M.-E. 2000. ‘The use of the present perfect in Australian English’, Australian Journal of Linguistics 20: 119–40.
Enkvist, N.E. 1986. ‘More about the textual function of Old English adverbial þa’, in Kastovsky, D. and Szwedek, A., (eds.), Linguistics across Historical and Geographical Boundaries: In Honour of Jacek Fisiak on the Occasion of his Fiftieth Birthday, vol. 1. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 301–09.
Evans, N. 2007. ‘Insubordination and its uses’, in Nikolaeva, I. (ed.), Finiteness: Theoretical and Empirical Foundations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 366431.
Faarlund, J.T. 1990. Syntactic Change: Towards a Theory of Historical Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Fanego, T. 2004. ‘On reanalysis and actualization in syntactic change: The rise and development of English verbal gerunds’. Diachronica 21: 555.
Filppula, M. 1999. The Grammar of Irish English: Language in Hibernian Style. London: Routledge.
Filppula, M. 2000. ‘Inversion in embedded questions in some regional varieties of English’, in Bermúdez-Otero et al. (eds.), 439–53.
Filppula, M. 2009. ‘The rise of it-clefting in English: Areal-typological and contact-linguistic considerations’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 267–93.
Filppula, M., Klemola, J. and Pitkänen, H. (eds.) 2002. The Celtic Roots of English. Joensuu: Faculty of Humanities.
Finkenstaedt, Th., Leisi, E. and Wolff, D. 1970. A Chronological English Dictionary. Heidelberg: Winter.
Fischer, O. 1988. ‘The rise of the for NP to V construction: An explanation’, in Nixon, G. and Honey, J. (eds.), An Historic Tongue: Studies in English Linguistics in Memory of Barbara Strang. London: Routledge, 6788.
Fischer, O. 1991. ‘The rise of the passive infinitive in English’, in Kastovsky, D. (ed.), Historical English Syntax. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 141–88.
Fischer, O. 1992a. ‘Syntactic change and borrowing: The case of the accusative-and-infinitive construction in English’, in Gerritsen and Stein (eds.), 17–88.
Fischer, O. 1992b.‘Syntax’, in Blake (ed.), 207–408.
Fischer, O. 1994a. ‘The development of quasi-auxiliaries in English and changes in word order’. Neophilologus 78: 137–64.
Fischer, O. 1994b. ‘The fortunes of the Latin-type accusative and infinitive construction in Dutch and English compared’, in Swan, T., Mørck, E. and Jansen-Westvik, O. (eds.), Language Change and Language Structure: Old Germanic Languages in a Comparative Perspective. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 91133.
Fischer, O. 1995. ‘The distinction between to and bare infinitival complements in late Middle English’. Diachronica 12: 130.
Fischer, O. 1997. ‘The grammaticalisation of infinitival to in English compared with German and Dutch’, in Hickey and Puppel (eds.), vol. 1, 265–80.
Fischer, O. 1998. ‘On negative raising in the history of English’, in Ostade, I. Tieken-Boon-van, Tottie, G. and van der Wurff, W. (eds.), Negation in the History of English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 55100.
Fischer, O. 2000. ‘The position of the adjective in Old English’, in Bermúdez-Otero et al. (eds.), 153–81.
Fischer, O. 2001. ‘The position of the adjective in Old English from an iconic perspective’, in Fischer, O. and Nänny, M. (eds.), The Motivated Sign. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 249–76.
Fischer, O. 2004. ‘Developments in the category adjective from Old to Middle English’. Studies in Medieval English Language and Literature 19: 136.
Fischer, O. 2006. ‘On the position of adjectives in Middle English’. English Language and Linguistics 10: 253–88.
Fischer, O. 2007. Morphosyntactic Change: Functional and Formal Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fischer, O. 2012. ‘The status of the postposed “and-adjective” construction in Old English: Attributive or predicative?’, in Denison et al. (eds.), 251–84.
Fischer, O. 2013. ‘The role of contact in English syntactic change in the Old and Middle English periods’, in Schreier and Hundt (eds.), 18–40.
Fischer, O. 2015. ‘The influence of the grammatical system and analogy in processes of language change: The case of the auxiliation of have to once again’, in Toupin, F. and Lowrey, B. (eds.), Studies in Linguistic Variation and Change: From Old to Middle English. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 120–50.
Fischer, O., Rosenbach, A. and Stein, D. (eds.) 2000. Pathways of Change: Grammaticalization in English. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Fischer, O., Van Kemenade, A., Koopman, W. and Van der Wurff, W. 2000. The Syntax of Early English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fischer, O. and Van der Leek, F. 1987. ‘A “case” for the Old English impersonal’, in Koopman, W. F., van der Leek, F., Fischer, O. and Eaton, R., (eds.), Explanation and Linguistic Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 79120.
Fisiak, J. and Krygier, M. (eds.) 1998. Advances in English Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Fonteyn, L. 2016. ‘From nominal to verbal gerunds: A referential typology’. Functions of Language 23: 6083.
Fonteyn, L., De Smet, H. and Heyvaert, L. 2015. ‘What it means to verbalize: The changing discourse functions of the English gerund’. Journal of English Linguistics 43:125.
Fries, C. 1927. ‘The expression of the future’. Language 3: 8795.
Fulk, R.D. 2014. ‘Beowulf and language history’, in Neidorf, L. (ed.), The Dating of Beowulf: A Reassessment. Cambridge: Brewer, 1936.
Gerritsen, M. and Stein, D. 1992. ‘Introduction: On “internal” and “external” in syntactic change’, in Gerritsen and Stein (eds.), 1–16.
Gerritsen, M. and Stein, D. (eds.) 1992. External and Internal Factors in Syntactic Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Ghesquière, L. 2014. The Directionality of (Inter)subjectification in the English Noun Phrase: Pathways of Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Givón, T. 1979. On Understanding Grammar. New York: Academic Press.
Givón, T. 1980. ‘The binding hierarchy and the typology of complements’. Studies in Language 4: 333–77.
Givón, T. 2001. Syntax: An Introduction. Vol. 1. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Godden, M.R. 1992. ‘Literary language’, in Hogg (ed.), 490–535.
Görlach, M. 1999a. English in Nineteenth-Century England: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Görlach, M. 1999b. ‘Regional and social variation’, in Lass, R., (ed.) The Cambridge History of the English Language, Vol. 3: 1476–1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 459538.
González-Díaz, V. 2008. English Adjective Comparison: A Historical Perspective Amsterdam: Benjamins.
González-Díaz, V. 2009. ‘Little old problems: Adjectives and subjectivity in the English NP’. Transactions of the Philological Society 107: 376402.
González-Díaz, V. 2010. ‘Iconicity and subjectivisation in the English NP: The case of little’, in Conradie, J., Johl, R., Beukes, M., Fischer, O. and Ljungberg, C. (eds.), Signergy. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 319–45.
Gotti, M., Dossena, M. and Dury, R. (eds.) 2008. English Historical Linguistics 2006, vol. 1: Syntax and Morphology. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Greaves, C. and Warren, M. 2010. ‘What can a corpus tell us about multi-word units?’, in O’Keeffe, A. and McCarthy, M. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics. London: Routledge, 212–26.
Greenberg, J. 1966. ‘Some universals of grammar with particular reference to the order of meaningful elements’, in Greenberg, J. (ed.), Universals of Grammar (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 73113.
Gronemeyer, C. 1999. ‘On deriving complex polysemy: The grammaticalization of get’. English Language and Linguistics 3: 139.
Hadley, D.M. 1997. ‘“And they proceeded to plough and to support themselves”: The Scandinavian settlement of England’, Anglo-Norman Studies 19: 6996.
Hadley, D.M. and Richards, J.D. (eds.) 2000. Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth & Tenth Centuries. Turnhout: Brepols.
Haeberli, E. 2010. ‘Investigating Anglo-Norman influence on late Middle English syntax’, in Ingham, R. (ed.), The Anglo-Norman Language and its Contexts. Woodbridge: York Medieval Press, 143–63.
Haeberli, E. and Ingham, R. 2007. ‘The position of negation and adverbs in Early Middle English’. Lingua 117: 125.
Haegeman, L. 1997. ‘Register variation, truncation, and subject omission in English and in French’. English Language and Linguistics 1: 233–70.
Harris, A.C. and Campbell, L. 1995. Historical Syntax in Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Haspelmath, M. 1989. ‘From purposive to infinitive - A universal path of grammaticization’. Folia Linguistica Historica 10: 287310.
Haumann, D. 2003. ‘The postnominal and adjective construction in Old English’. English Language and Linguistics 7: 5783.
Haumann, D. 2010. ‘Adnominal adjectives in Old English’. English Language and Linguistics 14: 5381.
Heine, B., Claudi, U. and Hünnemeyer, F. 1991. Grammaticalization: A Conceptual Framework. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T. 2002. World Lexicon of Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Heine, B. and Kuteva, T. 2007. The Genesis of Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hickey, R. (ed.) 2010. The Handbook of Language Contact. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hickey, R. and Puppel, S. (eds.) 1997. Language History and Linguistic Modelling, 2 vols. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Higham, N. 2002. ‘The Anglo-Saxon/British interface: History and ideology’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 29–46.
Hilpert, M. 2008. Germanic Future Constructions: A Usage-Based Approach to Language Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hilpert, M. 2013. Constructional Change in English: Developments in Allomorphy, Word Formation and Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hiltunen, R. 1983. The Decline of the Prefixes and the Beginnings of the English Phrasal Verb: The Evidence from some Old and Early Middle English Texts. Turku: Turun Yliopisto.
Hinrichs, L. and Szmrecsanyi, B. 2007. ‘Recent changes in the function and frequency of standard English genitive constructions: A multivariate analysis of tagged corpora’. English Language and Linguistics 11: 437–74.
Hofstadter, D. 1995. Fluid Concepts and Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought. New York: Basic Books.
Hogg, R.M. (ed.) 1992. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 1: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
Hogg, R.M. 2004. ‘The spread of negative contraction in early English’, in Curzan, A. and Emmons, K. (eds.), Studies in the History of the English Language II: Unfolding Conversations. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 459–82.
Hollmann, W. and Siewierska, A. 2011. ‘The status of frequency, schemas, and identity in Cognitive Sociolinguistics: A case study on definite article reduction’. Cognitive Linguistics. 22: 2554.
Holyoak, K.J. and Thagard, P. 1995. Mental Leaps: Analogy in Creative Thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Hopper, P.J. and Thompson, S.A. 1980. ‘Transitivity in grammar and discourse’. Language 56: 251–99.
Hopper, P.J. and Thompson, S.A. 1984. ‘The discourse basis for lexical categories in Universal Grammar’. Language 60: 703–52.
Hopper, P.J. and Traugott, E.C. 2003. Grammaticalization (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Huber, M. 2007. ‘The Old Bailey proceedings, 1674–1834: Evaluating and annotating a corpus of 18th- and 19th-century spoken English’. Studies in Variation, Contacts and Change in English 1 [www.helsinki.fi/varieng/journal/volumes/01/index.html].
Huddleston, R., and Pullum, G. 2002. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hübler, A. 2007. The Nonverbal Shift in Early Modern English Conversation. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Hurford, J.R. 2003. ‘The language mosaic and its evolution’, in Christiansen and Kirby (eds.), 38–57.
Iglesias-Rábade, L. 2001. ‘Composite predicates in Middle English with the verbs nimen and taken’. Studia Neophilologica 73:143–63.
Ihalainen, O. 1994. ‘The dialects of England since 1776’, in Burchfield, R. (ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 5: English Language in Britain and Overseas: Origins and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 197274.
Ingham, R. 2000. ‘Negation and OV order in Late Middle English’. Journal of Linguistics 36: 1338.
Ingham, R. 2002. ‘Negated subjects and objects in 15th-century nonliterary English’. Language Variation and Change 14: 291322.
Itkonen, E. 2005. Analogy as Structure and Process. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Iyeiri, Y. 2001. Negative Constructions in Middle English. Kyushu University Press.
Jack, G.B. 1978. ‘Negation in later Middle English prose’. Archivum Linguisticum 9 n.s.: 5872.
Jack, G.B. 1988. ‘The origins of the English gerund’. NOWELE 12: 1575.
Janda, R.D. 1980. ‘On the decline of declensional systems: The overall loss of Old English nominal case inflections and the Middle English reanalysis of -ES as HIS’, in Traugott, E.C., Labrum, R., Shepherd, S. and Kiparsky, P. (eds.), Papers from the 4th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 243–52.
Jespersen, O. 1909–1949. A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Heidelberg/Copenhagen: Carl Winters/Ejnar Munksgaard.
Joseph, B.D. and Janda, R.D. 2003. (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Kahneman, D. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux.
Kastovsky, D. and Mettinger, A. (eds.) 2003. Language Contact in the History of English. Bern: Lang.
Keizer, E. 2007. The English Noun Phrase: The Nature of Linguistic Categorization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Keller, R. 1994. On Language Change: The Invisible Hand in Language. (translated from the German by Nerlich, B.). London: Routledge.
Kerswill, P. 2002. ‘Koineization and accommodation’, in Chambers et al. (eds.), 669–702.
Kerstens, J., Ruys, E. and Zwarts, J. 1996–2001. Lexicon of Linguistics online, www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/.
Killie, K. 2008. ‘From locative to durative to focalized? The English progressive and “PROG imperfective drift”’, in Gotti et al. (eds.), 69–88.
Killie, K., and Swan, T. 2009. ‘The grammaticalization and subjectification of adverbial ‑ing-clauses (converb clauses) in English’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 337–63.
Kirby, S. and Christiansen, M.H. 2003. ‘From language learning to language evolution’, in Christiansen and Kirby (eds.), 272–94.
Kirch, M.S. 1959. ‘Scandinavian influence on English syntax’. Publications of the Modern Language Society 74: 503–10.
Klemola, J. 2002. ‘Periphrastic DO: Dialectal distribution and origins’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 199–210.
Klemola, J. 2013. ‘English as a contact language in the British Isles’, in Schreier and Hundt (eds.), 75–87.
Kohnen, Th. 2003. ‘The influence of “Latinate” constructions in early Modern English: Orality and literacy as complementary forces’, in Kastovsky and Mettinger (eds.), 171–94.
Komen, E. 2009. ‘CESAC: Coreference Editor for Syntactically Annotated Corpora’. Paper presented at 7th Symposium on the History of English Syntax, 6–7 June 2009, Nijmegen, Netherlands: Radboud University Nijmegen.
Koopman, W. 1985. ‘The syntax of verb and particle combinations in Old English’, in Bennis, H. and Beukema, F. (eds.), Linguistics in the Netherlands 1985. Dordrecht: Foris, 91–9.
Koopman, W. 1998. ‘Inversion after single and multiple topics in Old English’, in Fisiak and Krygier (eds.), 135–50.
Kortmann, B. 1997. Adverbial Subordination: A Typology and History of Adverbial Subordinators Based on European Languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Kortmann, B. and Wagner, S. 2010. ‘Changes and continuities in dialect grammar’, in Hickey, R. (ed.), Eighteenth-Century English: Ideology and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 269–92.
Kranich, S. 2006. ‘The origin of English gerundial constructions: A case of French influence?’, in Johnston, A.J., von Mengden, F. and Thim, S. (eds.), Language and Text: Current Perspectives on English and German Historical Linguistics and Philology. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, 179–95.
Kranich, S. 2010. The Progressive in Modern English. A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization and Related Changes. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Krickau, C. 1877. Der Accusativ mit dem Infinitiv in der englischen Sprache, besonders im Zeitalter der Elisabeth. PhD dissertation: University of Göttingen.
Kroch, A.S. 1989. ‘Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change’. Language Variation and Change 1: 199244.
Kroch, A.S. and Taylor, A. 1997. ‘Verb movement in Old and Middle English: Dialect variation and language contact’, in Van Kemenade and Vincent (eds.), 297–325.
Kroch, A.S. and Taylor, A. 2000. ‘Verb-object order in Early Middle English’, in Pintzuk et al. (eds.), 132–63.
Krug, M. 2000. Emerging English Modals: A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Kytö, M. 1996. Manual to the Diachronic Part of the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts: Coding Conventions and Lists of Source Texts (3rd ed.). Department of English, University of Helsinki.
Kytö, M. and Danchev, A. 2001. ‘The Middle English for to+infinitive construction’, in Kastovsky and Mettinger (eds.), 35–55.
Kytö, M. and Romaine, S. 2006. ‘Adjective comparison in nineteenth-century English’, in Kytö, M., Rydén, M. and Smitterberg, E. (eds.), Nineteenth-Century English: Stability and Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 194213.
Labov, W. 1994. Principles of Linguistic Change, vol. 1: Internal Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, W. 2001. Principles of Linguistic Change, vol. 2: Social Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Labov, W. 2010. Principles of Linguistic Change, vol. 3: Cognitive and Cultural Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.
Laitinen, M. 2004. ‘Indefinite pronominal anaphora in English correspondence between 1500 and 1800’, in Kay, C., Horobin, S., and Smith, J. (eds.), New Perspectives on English Historical Linguistics, vol. 1: Syntax and Morphology. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 6581.
Laitinen, M. 2008. ‘Sociolinguistic patterns in grammaticalisation: he, they, and those in human indefinite reference’. Language Variation and Change 20: 131.
Laitinen, M. 2009. ‘Singular you was/were variation and English normative grammars in the eighteenth century’, in Nurmi et al. (eds.), 199–217.
Lange, C. and Schaefer, U. 2008. ‘Tis he, ‘tis she, ‘tis me – I don’t know who …. Cleft and identificational constructions in 16th and 18th century plays’, in Gotti et al. (eds.), 203–22.
Lass, R. 1980. On Explaining Language Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lass, R. (ed.) 1999. The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 3: 1476–1776. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lass, R. 2004. ‘Ut custodiant litteras: Editions, corpora and witnesshood’, in Dossena, M. and Lass, R. (eds.), Methods and Data in English Historical Dialectology. Bern: Lang, 2148.
Leech, G., Hundt, M., Mair, C. and Smith, N. 2009. Change in Contemporary English: A Grammatical Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lehmann, C. 1985. ‘Grammaticalization: Synchronic variation and diachronic change’. Lingua e Stile 20: 303–18.
Lehmann, H.M., auf dem Keller, C. and Ruef, B. 2006. ‘Zen Corpus 1.0’, in Facchinetti, R. and Rissanen, M. (eds.) Corpus-Based Studies of Diachronic English. Bern: Lang, 135–55.
Leung, A.H. and Van der Wurff, W. 2011. ‘Anaphoric reference in Early Modern English: The case of said and same’. Paper read at the 2nd International Workshop on the Noun Phrase in English, Newcastle University, September 2011.
Light, C. and Wallenberg, J. 2015. ‘The expression of impersonals in Middle English’. English Language and Linguistics 19: 227–45.
Lightfoot, D.W. 1979. Principles of Diachronic Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lightfoot, D.W. 1981. ‘The history of noun phrase movement’, in Baker, C.L. and McCarthy, J. (eds.), The Logical Problem of Language Acquisition. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 86119.
Lightfoot, D.W. 1991. How to Set Parameters: Arguments from Language Change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Lightfoot, D.W. 1999. The Development of Language: Acquisition, Change, and Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell.
López-Couso, M.J. and Méndez-Naya, B. 2015. ‘Secondary grammaticalization in clause combining: From adverbial subordination to complementation in English’.Language Sciences 47: 188–98.
Los, B. 2005. The Rise of the to-Infinitive. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Los, B. 2012. ‘The loss of Verb-second and the switch from bounded to unbounded systems’, in Meurman-Solin et al. (eds.), 21–46.
Los, B. 2015. A Historical Syntax of English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Los, B. and Dreschler, G. 2012. ‘The loss of local anchoring: From adverbial local anchors to permissive subjects’, in Nevalainen and Traugott (eds.), 859–72.
Los, B. and Komen, E. 2012. ‘Clefts as resolution strategies after the loss of a multifunctional first position’, in Nevalainen and Traugott (eds.), 884–98.
Lüdeling, A. and Kytö, M. (eds.) 2008–2009. Corpus Linguistics: An International Handbook, 2 vols. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Lutz, A. 1998. ‘The interplay of external and internal factors in morphological restructuring: The case of you’, in Fisiak and Krygier (eds.), 189–210.
Lutz, A. 2009. ‘Celtic Influence on Old English and West Germanic’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 227–49.
Mair, C. and Leech, G. 2006. ‘Current changes in English syntax’, in Aarts and McMahon, (eds.), 318–42.
Manabe, K. 1989. The Syntactic and Stylistic Development of the Infinitive in Middle English. Fukuoka: Kyushu University Press.
McFadden, T. 2002. ‘The rise of the to-dative in Middle English’, in Lightfoot (ed.), 107–23.
McIntosh, A., Samuels, M.L. and Benskin, M. 1985. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press.
McMahon, A. 2000. Change, Chance and Optimality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McWhorter, J.H. 2002. ‘What happened to English?’, Diachronica 19: 217–72
Meurman-Solin, A. 2007. ‘Relatives as sentence-level connectives’, in Lenker, U. and Meurman-Solin, A. (eds.), Connectives in the History of English. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 255–87.
Meurman-Solin, A., López-Couso, M.-J., and Los, B. (eds.) 2012. Information Structure and Syntactic Change in the History of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Miller, D.G. 2001. ‘Subject and object in Old English and Latin copular deontics’, in Faarlund, J.T. (ed.), Grammatical Relations in Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 223–39.
Miller, D.G. 2012. External Influences on English: From Its Beginnings to the Renaissance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Miller, J. and Weinert, R. 1998. Spontaneous Spoken Language: Syntax and Discourse. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Milroy, J. 1992. ‘Dialectology’, in Blake (ed.), 156–206.
Mitchell, B. 1985. Old English Syntax. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mitkovska, L. and Bužarovska, E. 2012. ‘An alternative analysis of the English get-past-participle constructions: Is get all that passive?’. Journal of English Linguistics 40: 196215.
Moerenhout, M. and Van der Wurff, W. 2000. ‘Remnants of the old order: OV in the Paston Letters’. English Studies 81: 513–30.
Moerenhout, M. and Van der Wurff, W. 2005. ‘Object-Verb order in early sixteenth-century English prose: An exploratory study’. English Language and Linguistics 9: 83114.
Moessner, L. 1999. ‘The negative relative marker but: A case of syntactic borrowing’, in Tops et al. (eds.), 65–78.
Mondorf, B. 2009. More Support for More-Support: The Role of Processing Constraints on the Choice between Synthetic and Analytic Comparative Forms. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Moralejo-Gárate, T. 2001. ‘Composite predicates and idiomatisation in Middle English: A corpus-based approach’. Studia Anglistica Posnaniensia 36: 171–87.
Mustanoja, T. 1960. Middle English Syntax. Part I. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
Nagle, S.J. 1989. Inferential Change and Syntactic Modality in English. Frankfurt: Lang.
Nagucka, R. 2003. ‘Latin prepositional phrases and their Old English equivalents’, in Kastovsky and Mettinger (eds.), 251–65.
Narrog, H. and Heine, B. (eds.) 2011. The Oxford Handbook of Grammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nehls, D. 1974. Synchron-diachrone Untersuchungen zur Expanded Form im Englischen. Munich: Hueber.
Nevalainen, T. 1997. ‘Recyling inversion: The case of initial adverbs and negators in early Modern English’. Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 31: 203–14.
Nevalainen, T. 2011. ‘Reconstructing syntactic continuity and change in Early Modern English regional dialects: The case of who’, in Denison et al. (eds.), 159–84.
Nevalainen, T. and Raumolin-Brunberg, H. (eds.) 1996. Sociolinguistics and Language History: Studies Based on The Corpus of Early English Correspondence. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Nevalainen, T. and Raumolin-Brunberg, H. 2003. Historical Socio-Linguistics: Language Change in Tudor and Stuart England. London: Pearson.
Nevalainen, T. and Traugott, E.C. (eds.), 2012. The Oxford Handbook of the History of English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Newmeyer, F.J. 2003. ‘What can the field of linguistics tell us about the origin of language?’, in Christiansen and Kirby (eds.), 58–76.
Nickel, G. 1967. ‘An example of a syntactic blend in Old English’. Indogermanische Forschungen 72: 261–74.
Nicolle, S. 2011. ‘Pragmatic aspects of grammaticalization’, in Narrog and Heine (eds.), 401–12.
Noël, D. 2007. ‘Diachronic construction grammar and grammaticalization theory’. Functions of Language 14: 177202.
Norde, M. 2009. Degrammaticalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nurmi, A., Nevala, M. and Palander-Collin, M. (eds.) 2009. The Language of Daily Life in England 1400–1800. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Ogura, M. 2001. ‘Perceptual factors and word order change in English’. Folia Linguistica Historica 22: 233–53.
Ohlander, U. 1943. ‘Omission of the object in English’. Studia Neophilologica 16: 105–27.
Otsu, N. 2002. ‘On the presence or absence of the conjunction þæt in Old English, with special reference to dependent sentences containing a gif-clause’. English Language and Linguistics 6: 225–38.
Patten, A.L. 2010. ‘Grammaticalization and the it-cleft construction’, in Traugott and Trousdale (eds.), 221–43.
Paul, H. 1909, 4th ed.[1886]. Prinzipien der Sprachgeschichte. Halle: Niemeyer.
Petré, P. 2014. Constructions and Environments: Copular, Passive, and Related Constructions in Old and Middle English. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Petré, P. 2015. ‘Grammaticalization by changing co-text frequencies. Or why [BE Ving] became the “progressive”’. English Language and Linguistics 19: 124.
Phillipps, K.C. 1970. Jane Austen’s English. London: Deutsch.
Pintzuk, S. 1991. Phrase Structures in Competition: Variation and Change in Old English Word Order. PhD dissertation: University of Pennsylvania.
Pintzuk, S. 2002. ‘Morphological case and word order in Old English’. Language Sciences 24: 381–95.
Pintzuk, S. and Kroch, A.S. 1989. ‘The rightward movement of complements and adjuncts in the Old English of Beowulf’. Language Variation and Change 1: 115–43.
Pintzuk, S. and Taylor, A. 2006. ‘The loss of OV order in the history of English’, in Van Kemenade and Los (eds.), 249–78.
Pintzuk, S., Tsoulas, G. and Warner, A. 2000. ‘Syntactic change: Theory and method’, in Pintzuk et al. (eds.), 1–22.
Pintzuk, S., Tsoulas, G. and Warner, A. (eds.) 2000. Diachronic Syntax: Models and Mechanisms. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Plank, F. 1983. ‘Coming into being among the Anglo-Saxons’, in Davenport, M., Hansen, E. and Nielsen, H.F. (eds.), Current Topics in English Historical Linguistics. Odense: Odense University Press, 239–78.
Plank, F. 1984. ‘The modals story retold’. Studies in Language 8: 305–64.
Plank, F. 2007. ‘Extent and limits of linguistic diversity as the remit of typology – but through constraints on WHAT is diversity limited?’. Linguistic Typology 11: 4368.
Polo, C. 2002. ‘Double objects and morphological triggers for syntactic case’, in Lightfoot, (ed.), 124–42.
Poppe, E. 2009. ‘Standard Average European and the Celticity of English intensifiers and reflexives: Some considerations and implications’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 251–66.
Posner, R. 1986. ‘Iconicity in syntax: The natural order of attributes’, in Bouissac, P., Herzfeld, M. and Posner, R. (eds.), Iconicity: Festschrift for Thomas A. Sebeok. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 305–37.
Poussa, P. 1982. ‘The evolution of early standard English: The creolization hypothesis’, Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 14: 6985.
Pratt, L. and Denison, D. 2000. ‘The language of the Southey-Coleridge circle’. Language Sciences 22: 401–22.
Prins, A.A. 1952. French Influence in English Phrasing. Leiden: Universitaire Pers.
Pullum, G. 1982. ‘Syncategorematicity and English infinitival to. Glossa 16: 181215.
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J. 1985. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman.
Raumolin-Brunberg, H. 1994. ‘The position of adjectival modifiers in Late Middle English noun phrases’, in Fries, U., Tottie, G. and Schneider, P. (eds.), Creating and Using English Language Corpora. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 159–68.
Raumolin-Brunberg, H. 2009. ‘Lifespan changes in the language of three early modern gentlemen’, in Nurmi et al. (eds.), 165–96.
Raumolin-Brunberg, H. 2000. ‘WHICH and THE WHICH in Late Middle English: Free variants?’, in Taavitsainen, I., Nevalainen, T., Pahta, P., and Rissanen, M. (eds.) Placing Middle English in Context. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 209–26.
Raumolin-Brunberg, H. and Nevalainen, T. 2007. ‘Historical sociolinguistics: The corpus of Early English Correspondence’, in Beal et al. (eds.), 148–71.
Rissanen, M. 1967. The Uses of One in Old and Early Middle English. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
Rissanen, M. 1999. ‘Syntax’, in Lass (ed.), 187–331.
Rissanen, M., Ihalainen, O., Nevalainen, T. and Taavitsainen, I. (eds.) 1992. History of Englishes: New Methods and Interpretations in Historical Linguistics. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rissanen, M., Kytö, M. and Heikkonen, K. (eds.) 1997. English in Transition: Corpus-Based Studies in Linguistic Variation and Genre Styles. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rissanen, M., Kytö, M. and Palander-Collin, M. (eds.) 1993. Early English in the Computer Age: Explorations through the Helsinki Corpus. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Roberts, I. 1993. Verbs and Diachronic Syntax: A Comparative History of English and French. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Roberts, I. 1997. ‘Directionality and word order change in the history of English’, in Van Kemenade and Vincent (eds.), 397–426.
Roberts, I. 2007. Diachronic Syntax. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rohdenburg, G. 2009. ‘Grammatical divergence between British and American English in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries’, in van Ostade, I. Tieken-Boon and van der Wurff, W. (eds.), Current Issues in Late Modern English. Bern: Lang, 301–30.
Rohdenburg, G. and Schlüter, J. (eds.) 2009. One Language, Two Grammars? Differences between British and American English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ronan, P. 2002. ‘Subordinating ocus “and” in Old Irish’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 213–36.
Rosenbach, A. 2002. Genitive Variation in English: Conceptual Factors in Synchronic and Diachronic Studies. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Rosenbach, A. 2003. ‘Aspects of iconicity and economy in the choice between the s-genitive and the of-genitive in English’, in Rohdenburg, G. and Mondorf, B. (eds.), Determinants of Grammatical Variation in English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 379411.
Rosenbach, A. 2007. ‘Emerging variation: Determiner genitives and noun modifiers in English’. English Language and Linguistics 11: 143–89.
Rosenbach, A., Stein, D. and Vezzosi, L. 2000. ‘On the history of the s-genitive’, in Bermúdez-Otero et al. (eds.), 183–210.
Rubba, J. 1994. ‘Grammaticization as semantic change: A case study of preposition development’, in Pagliuca, W. (ed.), Perspectives on Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 81101.
Sairio, A. 2009. Language and Letters of the Bluestocking Network: Sociolinguistic Issues in Eighteenth-Century Epistolary English. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
Samuels, M.L. 1969. ‘Some applications of Middle English dialectology’, in Lass, R. (ed.), Approaches to English Historical Linguistics. An Anthology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 404–18.
Sankoff, G. 2002. ‘Linguistic outcomes of language contact’, in Chambers et al. (eds.), 638–68.
Sankoff, G. 2005. ‘Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies’, in Ammon, U., Dittmar, N., Mattheier, K.J. and Trudgill, P. (eds.), Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, vol. 2. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1003–13.
Sapir, E. 1921. Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sawyer, P.H. 1971. The Age of the Vikings. London: Arnold.
Schendl, H. and Wright, L. (eds.) 2011. Code-Switching in Early English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Schlüter, J. 2005. Rhythmic Grammar: The Influence of Rhythm on Grammatical Variation and Change in English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Schmid, H.-J. 2015. ‘A blueprint of the Entrenchment-and-Conventionalization Model’. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association 3: 127.
Schreier, D. and Hundt, M. (eds.) 2013. English as a Contact Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schrijver, P. 2002. ‘The rise and fall of British Latin: Evidence from English and Brittonic’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 87–110.
Seidlhofer, B. and Widdowson, H. 2007. ‘Idiomatic variation and change in English: The idiom principle and its realizations’, in Smit, U., Dollinger, S., Huettner, J., Kaltenboeck, G. and Lutzky, U. (eds.), Tracing English through Time: Explorations in Language Variation. Wien: Braumüller, 359–74.
Sommerer, L. 2015. ‘The influence of constructions in grammaticalization: Revisiting category emergence and the development of the definite article in English’, in Barðdal et al. (eds.), 107–38.
Stein, D. 1990. The Semantics of Syntactic Change: Aspects of the Evolution of ‘do’ in English. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Suárez-Gómez, C. 2009. ‘On the syntactic differences between Old English dialects: Evidence from the Gospels’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 5775.
Sweetser, E.E. 1990. From Etymology to Pragmatics: Metaphorical and Cultural Aspects of Semantic Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tajima, M. 1985. The Syntactic Development of the Gerund in Middle English. Tokyo: Nan’un-do.
Tajima, M. 1999. ‘The compound gerund in Early Modern English’, in Embleton, S., Joseph, J.E. and Niederehe, H.J. (eds.), The Emergence of the Modern Language Sciences: Studies on the Transition from Historical-Comparative to Structural Linguistics in Honour of E.F.K. Koerner. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 265–76.
Tanaka, T. 2000. ‘On the development of transitive expletive constructions in the history of English’. Lingua 110: 473–95.
Taylor, A. 2005. ‘Prosodic evidence for incipient VO order in Old English’. English Language and Linguistics 9: 139–56.
Taylor, A. 2008. ‘Contact effects of translation: Distinguishing two kinds of influence in Old English’. Language Variation and Change 20: 341–65.
Taylor, A. and Pintzuk, S. 2012. ‘Rethinking the OV/VO alternation in Old English: The effect of complexity, grammatical weight, and information status’, in Nevalainen and Traugott (eds.), 1199–1213.
Thomason, S.G. 2003. ‘Contact as a source of language change’, in Joseph and Janda (eds.), 687–712.
Thomason, S.G. and Kaufman, T. 1988. Language Contact, Creolization, and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Thompson, S.A. 1988. ‘A discourse approach to the cross-linguistic category “adjective”’, in Hawkins, J. (ed.), Explaining Language Universals. Oxford: Blackwell, 168–85.
Thompson, S.A. 1995. ‘The iconicity of “dative shift” in English: Considerations from information flow in discourse’, in Landsberg, M.E. (ed.), Syntactic Iconicity and Linguistic Freezes: The Human Dimension. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 155–75.
Thompson, S.A. and Mulac, A. 1991. ‘A quantitative perspective on the grammaticization of epistemic parentheticals in English’, in Traugott and Heine, (eds.), vol. 2, 313–29.
Tieken-Boon van Ostade, I. 1987. The Auxiliary Do in Eighteenth-Century English: A Sociohistorical Linguistic Approach. Dordrecht: Foris.
Timofeeva, O. 2010. Non-Finite Constructions in Old English, with Special Reference to Syntactic Borrowing from Latin. Helsinki: Société Néophilologique.
Tomasello, M. 2003. ‘On the different origins of symbols and grammar’, in Christiansen and Kirby (eds.), 94–110.
Tops, G.A., Devriendt, B. and Geukens, S. (eds.) 1999. Thinking English Grammar: To honour Xavier Dekeyser. Leuven: Peeters.
Tottie, G. 2002. An Introduction to American English. Oxford: Blackwell.
Traugott, E.C. 1989. ‘On the rise of epistemic meanings in English. An example of subjectification in semantic change’. Language 57: 3365.
Traugott, E.C. 1992. ‘Syntax’, in Hogg (ed.), 168–289.
Traugott, E.C. 2008. ‘The grammaticalization of NP of NP patterns’, in Bergs, A. and Diewald, G. (eds.), Constructions and Language Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2345.
Traugott, E.C. 2011. ‘Grammaticalization and mechanisms of change’, in Narrog and Heine (eds.), 19–30.
Traugott, E.C. and Dasher, R.B. 2002. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Traugott, E.C. and Heine, B. (eds.) 1991. Approaches to grammaticalization, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Benjamins,
Traugott, E.C. and König, E. 1991. ‘The semantics-pragmatics of grammaticalization revisited’, in Traugott and Heine (eds.), vol. 1, 189–218.
Traugott, E.C. and Trousdale, G. (eds.) 2010. Gradience, Gradualness and Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Traugott, E.C., and Trousdale, G. 2013. Constructionalization and Constructional Changes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Trips, C. 2002. From OV to VO in Early Middle English. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Tristram, H.L.C. 2002. ‘Attrition of inflections in English and Welsh’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 111–49.
Trousdale, G. 2012. ‘Theory and data in diachronic Construction Grammar: The case of the what with construction’, Studies in Language 36: 576602.
Trousdale, G. 2013. ‘Multiple inheritance and constructional change’, Studies in Language 37: 491514.
Trousdale, G. and Adger, D. (eds.) 2007. ‘Special Issue on Theoretical Accounts of Dialect Variation’, English Language and Linguistics 11.ii.
Van Bergen, L. 2013. ‘Early progressive passives’. Folia Linguistica Historica 34: 173208.
Van Coetsem, F. 1988. Loan Phonology and the Two Transfer Types in Language Contact. Dordrecht: Foris.
Van de Pol, N. 2016. The Development of the Absolute Construction in English. PhD dissertation: KU Leuven.
Van de Pol, N. and Cuyckens, H. 2013. ‘Gradualness in change in English augmented absolutes’, in Ramat, A. Giacalone, Mauri, C. and Molinelli, P. (eds.), Synchrony and Diachrony: A Dynamic Interface. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 341–66.
Van de Pol, N. and Petré, P. 2015. ‘Why is there a Present-day English absolute?Studies in Language 39: 198228.
Van de Velde, F. 2009. De Nominale Constituent: Structuur en Geschiedenis. Leuven: Leuven University Press.
Van de Velde, F. 2011. ‘Left-peripheral expansion of the English NP’. English Language and Linguistics 15: 387415.
Van de Velde, F. and Van der Horst, J. 2013. ‘Homoplasy in diachronic grammar’. Language Sciences 36: 6677.
Van der Auwera, J. 1999. ‘Periphrastic do: Typological prolegomena’, in Tops et al. (eds.), 457–70.
Van der Auwera, J. 2009. ‘The Jespersen cycles’, in van Gelderen, E. (ed.), Cyclical Change. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 3571.
Van der Auwera, J. and Genee, I. 2002. ‘English do: On the convergence of languages and linguists’. English Language and Linguistics 6: 283307.
Van der Horst, J. 2008. Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Syntaxis. Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven.
Van der Wurff, W. 1990. Diffusion and Reanalysis in Syntax. PhD dissertation: University of Amsterdam.
Van der Wurff, W. 1999. ‘Objects and verbs in modern Icelandic and fifteenth-century English: A word order parallel and its causes’. Lingua 109: 237–65.
Van Gelderen, E. 2013. ‘Null subjects in Old English’. Linguistic Inquiry 44: 271–85.
Van Kemenade, A. 1987. Syntactic Case and Morphological Case in the History of English. Dordrecht: Foris.
Van Kemenade, A. 1997. ‘V2 and embedded topicalization in Old and Middle English’, in Van Kemenade and Vincent (eds.), 326–52.
Van Kemenade, A. and Los, B. 2003. ‘Particles and prefixes in Dutch and English’, in Booij, G. and van Marle, J. (eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 2003. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 79117.
Van Kemenade, A. and Los, B. (eds.) 2006. The Handbook of the History of English. Oxford: Blackwell.
Van Kemenade, A. and Vincent, N. (eds.) 1997. Parameters of Morphosyntactic Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Vandelanotte, L. 2002. ‘Prenominal adjectives in English: structures and ordering’. Folia Linguistica 36: 219–59.
Varga, E. 2005. ‘Lexical V-to-I raising in Late Modern English’. Generative Grammar in Geneva 4: 261–81.
Vartiainen, T. 2013. ‘Subjectivity, indefiniteness and semantic change’. English Language and Linguistics 17: 157–79.
Vaughan, J. and Mulder, J. 2014. ‘The survival of the subjunctive in Australian English: Ossification, indexicality and stance’. Australian Journal of Linguistics 34: 486505.
Vennemann, T. 2009. ‘Celtic Influence in English? Yes and no’. English Language and Linguistics 13: 309–34.
Viana, V., Zyngier, S. and Barnbrook, G. (eds.) 2011. Perspectives on Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Visser, F.Th. 1963–73. An Historical Syntax of the English Language. 4 vols. Leiden: Brill.
Walkden, G. 2013. ‘Null subjects in Old English’, Language Variation and Change 25: 155–78.
Warner, A.R. 1982. Complementation in Middle English and the Methodology of Historical Syntax. London: Croom Helm.
Warner, A.R. 1993. English Auxiliaries: Structure and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Weerman, F. 1993. ‘The diachronic consequences of first and second language acquisition: The change from OV to VO’. Linguistics 31: 903–31.
Westin, I. and Geisler, C. 2002. ‘A multi-dimensional study of diachronic variation in British newspaper editorials’, ICAME Journal 26: 133–52.
White, D.L. 2002. ‘Explaining the innovations of Middle English: What, where, and why’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 153–74.
Wiik, K. 2002. ‘On the Origin of the Celts’, in Filppula et al. (eds.), 285–94.
Wischer, I. 2000. ‘Grammaticalization versus lexicalization: Methinks there is some confusion’, in Fischer et al. (eds.), 355–70.
Wischer, I. 2010. ‘On the use of beon and wesan in Old English’, in Lenker, U., Huber, J., and Mailhammer, R. (eds.), English Historical Linguistics 2008, vol. 1: The History of English Verbal and Nominal Constructions. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 217–35.
Wolk, C., Bresnan, J., Rosenbach, A. and Szmrecsanyi, B. 2013. ‘Dative and genitive variability in late Modern English: Exploring cross-constructional variation and change’. Diachronica 3: 382419.
Zeitlin, J. 1908. The Accusative with Infinitive and Some Kindred Constructions in English. New York: Columbia University Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.