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34 results

Page 1 of 2

  • When Parties Move to the Middle: The Role of Uncertainty

  • Johannes Lindvall, David Rueda, Haoyu Zhai
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Political Science / Volume 53 / Issue 4 / October 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    19 April 2023, pp. 1208-1229
    Print publication:
    October 2023
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Political parties face a crucial trade-off between electoral and partisan goals: should they put electoral goals first, pursuing the policies they think will win them the most votes in the next election, or should they put partisan goals first, pursuing the policies their members, activists, and most loyal voters prefer? In this paper we argue that main political parties make different choices depending on the information environment they are in. They have strong incentives to follow the median voter when the median voter's position is well known, but when there is more uncertainty they have strong incentives to adopt policies they prefer for partisan reasons, since uncertainty makes party leaders more willing to bet that the party's preferred policies are also vote winners. We develop an empirical analysis of how the main parties on the left and the right in twenty democracies have changed their platforms from election to election since the 1960s.

  • Railroads and Reform: How Trains Strengthened the Nation State

  • Alexandra L. Cermeño, Kerstin Enflo, Johannes Lindvall
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Political Science / Volume 52 / Issue 2 / April 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 April 2021, pp. 715-735
    Print publication:
    April 2022
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  • This paper examines the relationship between the coming of the railroads, the expansion of primary education, and the introduction of national school curricula. Using fine-grained data on local education outcomes in Sweden in the nineteenth century, the paper tests the idea that the development of the railroad network enabled national school inspectors to monitor remote schools more effectively. In localities to which school inspectors could travel by rail, a larger share of children attended permanent public schools and took classes in nation-building subjects such as geography and history. By contrast, the parochial interests of local and religious authorities continued to dominate in remote areas school inspectors could not reach by train. The paper argues for a causal interpretation of these findings, which are robust for the share of children in permanent schools and suggestive for the content of the curriculum. The paper therefore concludes that the railroad, the defining innovation of the First Industrial Revolution, mattered directly for the state's ability to implement public policies.

  • 5 - Schools

  • from Part III - Knowledge
  • Ben W. Ansell, University of Oxford, Johannes Lindvall, Lunds Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Inward Conquest
    Published online:
    12 November 2020
    Print publication:
    26 November 2020, pp 119-147

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the development of primary education, the relative role of state and church, and battles over governance.

  • 10 - Conclusions

  • from Part V - The Origins of Public Services
  • Ben W. Ansell, University of Oxford, Johannes Lindvall, Lunds Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Inward Conquest
    Published online:
    12 November 2020
    Print publication:
    26 November 2020, pp 243-271

  • Summary

    This chapter ties together the findings from the previous substantive chapters, uses statistical techniques to unearth common patterns, and explores what the origins and governance of public services in the nineteenth century tell us about today’s welfare state.

  • 8 - Vaccinations

  • from Part IV - Health
  • Ben W. Ansell, University of Oxford, Johannes Lindvall, Lunds Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Inward Conquest
    Published online:
    12 November 2020
    Print publication:
    26 November 2020, pp 196-217

  • Summary

    This chapter demonstrates how countries expanded vaccination programs following the invention of the smallpox vaccine and how anti-vaccination movements emerged.

  • 2 - Public Services

  • from Part I - A Revolution in Government
  • Ben W. Ansell, University of Oxford, Johannes Lindvall, Lunds Universitet, Sweden
  • Book:
    Inward Conquest
    Published online:
    12 November 2020
    Print publication:
    26 November 2020, pp 11-60

  • Summary

    This is the main theory chapter. It develops a new typology of public service reforms: vertical dimension of centralization and horizontal dimension of public versus mixed governance. The chapter analyzes the preferences of different political parties and the Church, and it sets out the methodology and chapter structure.

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