We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.
To save content items to your account,
please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies.
If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account.
Find out more about saving content to .
To save content items to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org
is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings
on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part
of your Kindle email address below.
Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations.
‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi.
‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
There are few epidemiological studies on cancer in pregnancy, as national registries usually do not combine data on both cancer diagnosis and obstetrics. Nationwide linkage studies estimated the incidence of pregnancy-associated cancer, defined as a cancer diagnosis during pregnancy or within 12 months from delivery, to be 1 in 1000–2000 pregnancies [1]. The difference in estimated incidence between studies is explained by the difference in denominator used (live births, births beyond 20 weeks or pregnancies). The distribution of the various cancer types diagnosed in pregnancy is similar to that in the non-pregnant premenopausal population. Gynaecological cancers are one of the most common oncological diagnoses during pregnancy, after breast cancer, melanoma and haematological cancers [2]. Figure 74.1 represents the distribution of patients with a diagnosis during pregnancy in the registry of the international network on Cancer, Infertility and Pregnancy (www.cancerinpregnancy.org). Melanoma is probably underrepresented in this registry, as these patients are mostly diagnosed in the early stage and often not referred to centres that participate in the registration study.
Due to their largely different histology, biology and clinical features, ovarian malignancies in children and adolescents may represent unique problems for clinicians who diagnose and treat mainly adult patients with ovarian neoplasms. In order to provide the highest chance of cure with the lowest risk of late sequelae for these patients, specific knowledge and experience is required for the recognition, diagnosis and optimal management of these tumours.
This chapter deals with issues related to mechanical ventilation in general and considers those relevant to the obstetric patient in particular. The most common modes of mechanical ventilation are: volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (VC-CMV), pressure-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation (PC-CMV), intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV), airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). All patients receiving mechanical ventilation should be monitored by pulse oximetry. Non-invasive ventilation can be delivered nasally or by face mask, using either a conventional mechanical ventilator or a machine designed specifically for this purpose. The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic and the particular susceptibility of pregnancy in such circumstances reinforce the need to appraise the rationale for mechanical ventilation in such patients. Finally, APRV as a ventilatory paradigm, in particular, may be particularly useful in the pregnant patient with pneumonits, acute lung injury, or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).