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62 results

Page 1 of 4

  • Reflective liberals and intuitive conservatives: A look at the Cognitive Reflection Test and ideology
  • Kristen D. Deppe, Frank J. Gonzalez, Jayme L. Neiman, Carly Jacobs, Jackson Pahlke, Kevin B. Smith, John R. Hibbing
  • Journal: Judgment and Decision Making / Volume 10 / Issue 4 / July 2015
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2023, pp. 314-331
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    Prior research finds that liberals and conservatives process information differently. Predispositions toward intuitive versus reflective thinking may help explain this individual level variation. There have been few direct tests of this hypothesis and the results from the handful of studies that do exist are contradictory. Here we report the results of a series of studies using the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) to investigate inclinations to be reflective and political orientation. We find a relationship between thinking style and political orientation and that these effects are particularly concentrated on social attitudes. We also find it harder to manipulate intuitive and reflective thinking than a number of prominent studies suggest. Priming manipulations used to induce reflection and intuition in published articles repeatedly fail in our studies. We conclude that conservatives—more specifically, social conservatives—tend to be dispositionally less reflective, social liberals tend to be dispositionally more reflective, and that the relationship between reflection and intuition and political attitudes may be more resistant to easy manipulation than existing research would suggest.

  • Long-term impact of the expansion of a hospital liaison psychiatry service on patient care and costs following emergency department attendances for self-harm
  • Joni Jackson, Manjula D. Nugawela, Frank De Vocht, Paul Moran, William Hollingworth, Duleeka Knipe, Nik Munien, David Gunnell, Maria Theresa Redaniel
  • Journal: BJPsych Open / Volume 6 / Issue 3 / May 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 April 2020, e34
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    Background

    In September 2014, as part of a national initiative to increase access to liaison psychiatry services, the liaison psychiatry services at Bristol Royal Infirmary received new investment of £250 000 per annum, expanding its availability from 40 to 98 h per week. The long-term impact on patient outcomes and costs, of patients presenting to the emergency department with self-harm, is unknown.

    Aims

    To assess the long-term impact of the investment on patient care outcomes and costs, of patients presenting to the emergency department with self-harm.

    Method

    Monthly data for all self-harm emergency department attendances between 1 September 2011 and 30 September 2017 was modelled using Bayesian structural time series to estimate expected outcomes in the absence of expanded operating hours (the counterfactual). The difference between the observed and expected trends for each outcome were interpreted as the effects of the investment.

    Results

    Over the 3 years after service expansion, the mean number of self-harm attendances increased 13%. Median waiting time from arrival to psychosocial assessment was 2 h shorter (18.6% decrease, 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI) −30.2% to −2.8%), there were 45 more referrals to other agencies (86.1% increase, 95% BCI 60.6% to 110.9%) and a small increase in the number of psychosocial assessments (11.7% increase, 95% BCI −3.4% to 28.5%) per month. Monthly mean net hospital costs were £34 more per episode (5.3% increase, 95% BCI −11.6% to 25.5%).

    Conclusions

    Despite annual increases in emergency department attendances, investment was associated with reduced waiting times for psychosocial assessment and more referrals to other agencies, with only a small increase in cost per episode.

  • 5 - The Knowledge Argument Meets Representationalism about Colour Experience
  • Edited by Sam Coleman, University of Hertfordshire
  • Book: The Knowledge Argument
  • Published online: 09 September 2019
  • Print publication: 19 September 2019, pp 102-117
  • View extract

    Summary

    Mary has new kinds of experiences when she leaves the black and white room. The change is akin to the difference between seeing black and white films and seeing films in colour. That much is common ground in the debate over the knowledge argument. This suggests that an ultimately satisfying reply to the argument on behalf of physicalism should base itself on a plausible view about the nature of the experiences she has for the first time on leaving the black and white room. It is, after all, the nature of these experiences that lies at the heart of the argument’s intuitive appeal. In this chapter, I offer an account of colour experiences and explain how it tells us physicalists what is wrong with the knowledge argument.

Bach to Brahms
  • Bach to Brahms
  • Essays on Musical Design and Structure
  • Edited by David Beach, Yosef Goldenberg
  • Published by: Boydell & Brewer
  • Published online: 14 March 2018
  • Print publication: 15 June 2015
  • View description
    Bach to Brahms presents current analytic views by established scholars of the traditional tonal repertoire, with essays on works by Bach, Handel, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, and Brahms. The fifteen essays are divided into three groups, two of which focus primarily on the interaction of elements of musical design (formal, metric, and tonal organization) and voice leading at multiple levels of structure. The third group of essays focusses on the 'motive' from different perspectives. The result is a volume of integrated studies on the music of the common-practice period, a body of music that remains at the core of modern concert and classroom repertoire. Contributors: Eytan Agmon, David Beach, Charles Burkhart, L. Poundie Burstein, Yosef Goldenberg, Timothy Jackson, William Kinderman, Joel Lester, Boyd Pomeroy, John Rink, Frank Samarotto, Lauri Suurpää, Naphtali Wagner, Eric Wen, Channan Willner. David Beach is professor emeritus and former dean of the Faculty of Music, University of Toronto. Recent publications include Advanced Schenkerian Analysis, and Analysis of 18th- and 19th-Century Musical Works in the Classical Tradition (co-authored with Ryan McClelland). Yosef Goldenberg teaches at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and at the Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance, where he also serves as head librarian. He is the author of Prolongation of Seventh Chords in Tonal Music (Edwin Mellen Press, 2008) and published in leading journals on music theory and on Israeli music.

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