Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-rvbq7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-11T22:45:42.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part V - Standardization in Late Modernity

Beyond Traditional Standardization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2021

Wendy Ayres-Bennett
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
John Bellamy
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Altendorf, U. (2016). Caught between Aristotle and Miss Marple … – a proposal for a perceptual prototype approach to ‘Estuary English’. Complutense Journal of English Studies, 24, 131–54.Google Scholar
Auer, P. (2017). The neo-standard of Italy and elsewhere in Europe. In Cerruti, M., Crocco, C. & Marzo, S., eds., Towards a New Standard: Theoretical and Empirical Studies on the Restandardization of Italian. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 365–74.Google Scholar
Auer, P. & Spiekermann, H. (2011). Demotisation of the standard variety or destandardisation? The changing status of German in late modernity (with special reference to south-western Germany). In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 161–76.Google Scholar
Bayard, D. (2000). New Zealand English: origins, relationships, and prospects. Moderna Spra˚k, 94(1), 814.Google Scholar
Bayard, D, Weatherall, A., Gallois, C. & Pittam, J. (2001). Pax Americana? Accent attitudinal evaluations in New Zealand, Australia and America. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(1), 2249.Google Scholar
Bell, A. (2011). Leaving home: de-Europeanization in a post-colonial variety of broadcast news. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 177–98.Google Scholar
Brink, L. & Lund, J. (1975). Dansk Rigsma˚l. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.Google Scholar
Brink, L., Lund, J., Heger, S. & Jørgensen, J. N. (1991). Den Store Danske Udtaleordbog [The Great Danish Pronunciation Dictionary]. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.Google Scholar
Cameron, D. (1995). Verbal Hygiene. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cerruti, M., Crocco, C. & Marzo, S. (2017a). On the development of a new standard norm in Italian. In Cerruti, M., Crocco, C. & Marzo, S., eds., Towards a New Standard: Theoretical and Empirical Studies on the Restandardization of Italian. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 328.Google Scholar
Cerruti, M., Crocco, C. & Marzo, S., eds. (2017b). Towards a New Standard: Theoretical and Empirical Studies on the Restandardization of Italian. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clyne, M., ed. (1991). Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. (2014). Sociolinguistic change, vernacularization and broadcast British media. In Androutsopoulos, J., ed., Mediatization and Sociolinguistic Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 6796.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. & Kristiansen, T. (2011). SLICE: critical perspectives on language (de)standardization. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 1135.Google Scholar
Darquennes, J. (2015). Language conflict research: a state of the art. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 235, 732.Google Scholar
Deumert, A. & Vandenbussche, W., eds. (2003). Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Dovalil, V. (2016). Konzeptualisierung der Demotisierung und Destandardisierung auf der Grundlage der Sprachmanagementtheorie. In Rössler, P., ed., Standardisierungsprozesse und Variation: Beitra¨ge zur Engfu¨hrung von Standardsprachenforschung und Variationslinguistik. Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang, pp. 135–60.Google Scholar
Fairclough, N. (1994). Conversationalisation of public discourse and the authority of the consumer. In Keat, R., Whitely, N. & Abercrombie, N., eds., The Authority of the Consumer. London: Routledge, pp. 253–68.Google Scholar
Garrett, P. (2010). Attitudes to Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grondelaers, S. & van Hout, R. (2011a). The standard language situation in the Low Countries: top-down and bottom-up variations on a diaglossic theme. Journal of Germanic Linguistics, 23, 199243.Google Scholar
Grondelaers, S. & van Hout, R. (2011b). The standard language situation in The Netherlands. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 113–18.Google Scholar
Grondelaers, S., van Hout, R. & Speelman, D. (2011). A perceptual typology of standard language situations in the Low Countries. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 199222.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1966). Language Conflict and Language Planning: The Case of Modern Norwegian. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hickey, R., ed. (2012). Standards of English: Codified Varieties around the World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jahr, E. H. (2014). Language Planning as a Sociolinguistic Experiment. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Joseph, J. E. (1987). Eloquence and Power: The Rise of Language Standards and Standard Languages. London: Frances Pinter.Google Scholar
Kloss, H. (1967). ‘Abstand languages’ and ‘Ausbau languages’. Anthropological Linguistics, 9(7), 2941.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2001). Two standards: one for the media and one for the school. Language Awareness, 10(1), 924.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2003a). Danish. In Deumert, A. & Vandenbussche, W., eds., Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins, pp. 6991.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2003b). Language attitudes and language politics in Denmark. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 159, 57–71.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2009). The macro-level social meanings of Late-Modern Danish accents. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 41, 167–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2014). Does mediated language influence immediate language? In Androutsopoulos, J., ed., Mediatization and Sociolinguistic Change. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 99126.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2016). Contemporary standard language change: weakening or strengthening? Taal en Tongval, Special issue, 68(2), 93117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds. (2011). Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. & Grondelaers, S., eds. (2013). Language (De)standardization in Late Modern Europe: Experimental Studies. Oslo: Novus Press.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T., Pharao, N. & Maegaard, M. (2013). Controlled manipulation of intonational difference: an experimental study of intonation patterns as the basis for language-ideological constructs of geographical provenance and linguistic standardness in young Danes. In Kristiansen, T. & Grondelaers, S., eds., Language (De)standardisation in Late Modern Europe: Experimental Studies. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 355–74.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Maegaard, M., Jensen, T. J., Kristiansen, T. & Jørgensen, J. N. (2013). Diffusion of language change: accommodation to a moving target. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 17(1), 336.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1985). Authority in Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Monka, M. & Hovmark, H. (2016). Sprogbrug blandt unge i Bylderup anno 2015. Danske Talesprog, 16, 73114.Google Scholar
Mortensen, J., Coupland, N. & Thøgersen, J., eds. (2016). Style, Mediation and Sociolinguistic Change: Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Talking Media. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rickford, J. F. (1999). The Ebonics controversy in my backyard: a sociolinguist’s experiences and reflections. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 3, 267–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Røyneland, U. (2009). Dialects in Norway: catching up with the rest of Europe? International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 196 /197, 731.Google Scholar
Ryan, E. B. (1979). Why do low-prestige varieties persist? In Giles, H. & St. Clair, R. N., eds., Language and Social Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 145–57.Google Scholar
Sandøy, H. (2011). Language culture in Norway: a tradition of questioning standard language norms. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 119–26.Google Scholar
Schiffman, H. F. (1998). Standardization or restandardization: the case for ‘Standard’ Spoken Tamil. Language in Society, 27, 359–85.Google Scholar
Schneider, E. W. (2007). Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stausland Johnsen, S. (2015). Dialect change in South-East Norway and the role of attitude in diffusion. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 19(5), 612–42.Google Scholar
Swann, J., Deumert, A., Lillis, T. & Mesthrie, R., eds. (2004). A Dictionary of Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Thøgersen, J. (2013). Vil De prøve at sige A?: ‘Fladt a’ i Radioavisen 1950–2010. NyS. Nydanske Studier og Almen Kommunikationsteori, 43, 101–32.Google Scholar
Thøgersen, J. & Pharao, N. (2013). Changing pronunciation but stable social evaluation? University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics, 19(2), 191201.Google Scholar
Thøgersen, J., Coupland, N. & Mortensen, J., eds. (2016). Style, Media and Language Ideologies. Oslo: Novus Press.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (2018 [1998]). Norwegian as a normal language. In Trudgill, P., ‘Norwegian as a Normal Language’ and Other Studies in Scandinavian Linguistics. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 4350.Google Scholar
Watts, R. J. (1999). The ideology of dialect in Switzerland. In Blommaert, J., ed., Language Ideological Debates. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 67103.Google Scholar

References

Ammon, U. (2003). On the social forces that determine what is standard in a language and on conditions of successful implementation. Sociolinguistica, 17, 110.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. (2006). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso.Google Scholar
Androutsopoulos, J. (2011). Language change and digital media: a review of conceptions and evidence. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 145–61.Google Scholar
Auer, P. (2005). Europe’s sociolinguistic unity, or: a typology of European dialect/standard constellations. In Delbecque, N., van der Auwera, J. & Geeraerts, D., eds., Perspectives on Variation: Sociolinguistic, Historical, Comparative. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 742.Google Scholar
Baron, N. (2010). Are instant messages speech? In Hunsinger, J., Klastrup, L. & Allen, M., eds., International Handbook of Internet Research. Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Bellamy, J. (forthcoming). The role of dictionaries in the development and standardisation of Luxembourgish. Language & History.Google Scholar
Bellamy, J. & Horner, K. (2018). Ideological tensions in youth discourses on language and identity in multilingual Luxembourg. Sociolinguistic Studies, 12(3–4), 323–43.Google Scholar
Belling, L. (2015). Mediale und sprachliche Möglichkeitsräume in digitaler Schriftlichkeit – Eine Studie zu Facebook-Pinnwänden in Luxemburg. Doctoral thesis. University of Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Belling, L. & de Bres, J. (2014). Digital superdiversity in Luxembourg: the role of Luxembourgish in a multilingual Facebook group. Discourse, Context and Media, 4(5), 7486.Google Scholar
Crowley, T. (2012). Proper English: Readings in Language, History and Cultural Identity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Franziskus, A. (2016). ‘One does not say Moien, one has to say Bonjour’: expressing language ideologies through shifting stances in spontaneous workplace interactions in Luxembourg. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 26(2), 204–21.Google Scholar
Gal, S. (2006). Contradictions of standard language in Europe: implications for the study of practices and publics. Social Anthropology, 14(2), 163–81.Google Scholar
Gilles, P. (2011). Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit in der luxemburgischen Sprachgemeinschaft. In Mein, G. & Sieburg, H., eds., Medien des Wissens: Interdisziplina¨re Aspekte von Medialita¨t. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 4364.Google Scholar
Gilles, P. (2015). From status to corpus: codification and implementation of spelling norms in Luxembourgish. In Davies, W. V. & Ziegler, E., eds., Language Planning and Microlinguistics: From Policy to Interaction and Vice Versa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 128–49.Google Scholar
Gilles, P. (2019). Komplexe Überdachung II: Luxemburg. Die Genese einer neuen Nationalsprache. In Herrgen, J. & Schmidt, J.-E., eds., Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation. Vol. IV: Deutsch. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 1039–60.Google Scholar
Gilles, P. & Moulin, C. (2003). Luxembourgish. In Deumert, A. & Vandenbussche, W., eds., Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 303–30.Google Scholar
Hepp, A. (2014). Mediatization: a panorama of media and communication research. In Androutsopoulos, J., ed., Mediatization and Sociolinguistic Change. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 4966.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. (2005). Spelling Trouble: Language, Ideology and the Reform of German Orthography. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knowles, J. (1980). Multilingualism in Luxembourg. In Nelde, P. H., ed., Sprachkontakt und Sprachkonflikt (Zeitschrift fu¨r Dialektologie und Linguistik, Beiheft 32). Wiesbaden: F. Steiner Verlag, pp. 355–61.Google Scholar
Koch, P. & Oesterreicher, W. (1985). Sprache der Nähe – Sprache der Distanz: Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit im Spannungsfeld von Sprachtheorie und Sprachgeschichte. In Deutschmann, O. & Flasche, H., eds., Romanistisches Jahrbuch, 36. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 1543.Google Scholar
Langer, N. & Davies, W. (2005). Linguistic Purism in the Germanic Languages. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Le Gouvernment du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (2017). Strategie fir d’Promotioun vun der Le¨tzebuerger Sprooch. Retrieved 17 November 2017 from https://gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/fr/actualites/articles/2017/03-mars/09-promotioun-sprooch/strategiepabeier.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lenihan, A. (2013). The Interaction of Language Policy, Minority Languages and New Media: A Study of the Facebook Translations Application. Doctoral thesis. University of Limerick.Google Scholar
Martineau, F. (2013). Written documents: what they tell us about linguistic usage. In van der Wal, M. J. & Rutten, G., eds., Touching the Past: Studies in The Historical Sociolinguistics of Ego-Documents. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 129–47.Google Scholar
Mémorial (1946). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Memorial: Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Recueil de Législation, No 40. 7 septembre 1946, pp. 637–41.Google Scholar
Mémorial (1975). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Memorial: Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Recueil de Législation, B-No 68. 16 novembre 1975, pp. 522.Google Scholar
Mémorial (1984). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Memorial: Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Recueil de Législation, A-No 16. 27 février 1984, pp. 191205.Google Scholar
Mémorial (1999). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Memorial: Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Recueil de Législation, A-No 112. 30 juillet 1999, pp. 2039–48.Google Scholar
Mémorial (2009). Journal Officiel du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg/Memorial: Amtsblatt des Großherzogtums Luxemburg. Recueil de Législation, A-No 112. 22 mai 2009, pp. 1637–41.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. (2001). Language ideologies and the consequences of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(4), 530–55.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (2012). Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English, 4th edn. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Nelson, K. (2019). Informing lexicographic choices through corpus and perceptual data. International Journal of Lexicography, 32(4), ecz030.Google Scholar
Newton, G. (2000). The spelling of Luxembourgish: systems and developments since 1824. In Newton, G., ed., Essays on Politics, Language and Society in Luxembourg. Lewiston, ME: The Edwin Mellen Press, pp. 135–61.Google Scholar
Ní Bhroin, N. (2014). Lost in Space? Social Media-Innovation and Minority Language Use. Doctoral thesis. University of Oslo.Google Scholar
Pétition 698 (2016). Le¨tzebuerger Sprooch als 1. Amtssprooch an Nationalsprooch gesetzlech fir all Awunner zu Le¨tzebuerg festzeleee¨n. Retrieved 17 January 2020 from www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/TravailALaChambre/Petitions/RoleDesPetitions?action=doPetitionDetail&id=771Google Scholar
Pétition 725 (2016). « NEEN » zu eiser Mammesprooch als e¨ischt offiziell Sprooch. « NON » a` la langue luxembourgeoise comme premie`re langue officielle en matie`re administrative et judiciaire. « NEIN » zur luxemburgischen Landessprache als erste Amtssprache. Retrieved 17 January 2020 from www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/TravailALaChambre/Petitions/RoleDesPetitions?action=doPetitionDetail&id=807Google Scholar
Pétition publique 767 (2017). Le¨tzebuergesch als Flichtsprooch an de Kliniken. Retrieved 17 January 2020 from www.chd.lu/wps/portal/public/Accueil/TravailALaChambre/Petitions/RoleDesPetitions?action=doPetitionDetail&id=935Google Scholar
Puschmann, C., Bastos, M. T. & Schmidt, J.-H. (2017). Birds of a feather petition together? Characterizing e-petitioning through the lens of platform data. Information, Communication & Society, 20(2), 203–20.Google Scholar
Rajah-Carrim, A. (2009). Use and standardisation of Mauritian Creole in electronically mediated communication. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(3), 484508.Google Scholar
Reershemius, G. (2017). Autochthonous heritage languages and social media: writing and bilingual practices in Low German on Facebook. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(1), 3549.Google Scholar
Sajous, F., Josselin-Leray, A. & Hathout, N. (2018). The complementarity of crowdsourced dictionaries and professional dictionaries viewed through the filter of neology. Lexis, 12.Google Scholar
Schaffer, D. (2010). Old whine online: prescriptive grammar blogs on the Internet. English Today, 26(4), 23–8.Google Scholar
Schanen, F. & Zimmer, J. (2006). 1,2,3 Le¨tzebuergesch Grammaire (Band 3): L’Orthographe. Esch-sur-Alzette: Schortgen éditions.Google Scholar
Sebba, M. (2007). Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography around the World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sebba, M. (2012). Orthography as social action: scripts, spelling, identity and power. In Jaffe, A., Androutsopoulos, J., Sebba, M. & Johnson, S., eds., Orthography as Social Action: Scripts, Spelling, Identity and Power. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Shortis, T. (2016). Texting and other messaging: written system in digitally mediated vernaculars. In Cook, V. & Ryan, D., eds., The Routledge Handbook of the English Writing System. London: Routledge, pp. 487516.Google Scholar
State of Wisconsin (2013). State of Wisconsin vs Devante J. Lumpkins. Retrieved 8 February 2019 from www.wicourts.gov/ca/opinion/DisplayDocument.pdf?content=pdf&seqNo=94791Google Scholar
Statec (2019). Le Portail des Statistiques Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Retrieved 5 February 2019 from www.statistiques.public.lu/fr/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, P. & Hannah, J. (2013). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wagner, M. & Davies, W. (2009). The role of World War II in the development of Luxembourgish as a national language. Language Problems and Language Planning, 33(2), 112–31.Google Scholar
Weber, J. J. (2009). Constructing lusobourgish ethnicities: implications for language-in-education policy. Language Problems & Language Planning, 33(2), 132–52.Google Scholar
Weber, J. J. & Horner, K. (2012). The trilingual Luxembourgish school system in historical perspective: progress or regress? Language, Culture and Curriculum, 25(1), 315.Google Scholar
Welter, N. (1914). Das Luxemburgische und sein Schrifttum. Luxembourg: Soupert.Google Scholar
Weth, C. & Juffermans, K. (2018). Tyranny of Writing: Ideologies of the Written Word. London/New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar

References

Abdel Jawad, H. R. (1981). Lexical and Phonological Variation in Spoken Arabic in Ammam. Doctoral thesis. University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Abdel Jawad, H. R. (1987). Cross dialectal variation in Arabic: competing prestigious forms. Language in Society, 16(3), 359–68.Google Scholar
Abu-Haidar, F. (1990). Maintenance and shift in the Christian Arabic of Baghdad. Zeitschrift fu¨r Arabische Linguistik, 21, 4762.Google Scholar
Abu-Haidar, F. (1992). Shifting boundaries: the effect of Modern Standard Arabic on dialect convergence in Baghdad. In Broselow, E., Eid, M. & McCarthy, J., eds., Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics IV. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 91106.Google Scholar
Abu-Melhim, A.-R. (1991). Code-switching and linguistic accommodation in Arabic. In B. Comrie & M. Eid, eds., Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics III, pp. 23150.Google Scholar
Agha, A. (2004). Registers of language. In Duranti, A., ed., A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 2345.Google Scholar
Albirini, A. (2016). Modern Arabic Sociolinguistics. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Al-Wer, E. (1997). Arabic between reality and ideology. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 5165.Google Scholar
Al-Wer, E. (2002). Education as a speaker variable. In Rouchdy, A., ed., Language Contact and Language Conflict in Arabic. London/New York: Curzon Press, pp. 4153.Google Scholar
Al-Wer, E. (2014). Language and gender in the Middle East and North Africa. In Ehrlich, S., Meyerhoff, M. & Holmes, J., eds., The Handbook of Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 396411.Google Scholar
Al-Wer, E. & Herin, B. (2011). The lifecycle of Qaf in Jordan. Langage & Société, 138, 5976.Google Scholar
Amara, M. (2005). Language, migration and urbanization: the case of Bethlehem. Linguistics, 43(5), 883902.Google Scholar
Androutsopoulos, J. & Georgakopoulou, A. (2003). Discourse Constructions of Youth Identities. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Auer, P. (2011). Dialect vs. standard: a typology of scenarios in Europe. In Kortmann, B. & van der Auwera, J., eds., The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 485500.Google Scholar
Auer, P., Hinskens, F. & Kerswill, P., eds. (2005). Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ayoub, G. (2006). Fasîh. In Versteegh, K., Eid, M., Elgibali, A., Woidich, M. & Zaborski, A., eds., Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Vol. II. Leiden: Brill, pp. 8490.Google Scholar
Bakir, M. (1986). Sex difference in the approximation to Standard Arabic: a case study. Anthropological linguistics, 28(1), 39.Google Scholar
Barontini, A. & Ziamari, K. (2009). Comment des ‘jeunes’ femmes marocaines parlent ‘masculin’: tentatives de définition sociolinguistique. Estudios de Dialectologia Norteafricana y Andalusi (EDNA), 13, 153–72.Google Scholar
Bassiouney, R. (2014). Language and Identity in Modern Egypt. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Bassiouney, R. (2015). Dialect and stance-taking by non-Egyptian celebrities in Egypt. Open Linguistics, 1, 614–33.Google Scholar
Bassiouney, R. & Muehlhaeusler, M. (2018). Cairo: the linguistic dynamics of a multilingual city. In Smakman, D. & Heinrichs, P., eds., Urban Sociolinguistics: The City as a Linguistic Process and Experience. London/New York: Routledge, pp. 2744.Google Scholar
Berruto, G. (2005). Dialect/standard convergence/mixing and models of language contact: the case of Italy. In Auer, P., Hinskens, F. & Kerswil, P., eds., Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 8197.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanc, H. (1964). Communal Dialects in Baghdad. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brustad, K. (2017). Diglossia as ideology. In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 4167.Google Scholar
Caubet, D. (2012). Apparition massive de la darija à l’écrit à partir de 2008–2009: sur le papier et sur la toile: quelle graphie? Quelles régularités. In Meouak, M., Sanchez, P. & Vicente, A., eds., De los manuscritos medievales a internet: la presencia del arabe vernaculo en las fuentes escritas. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza, pp. 377402.Google Scholar
Caubet, D. (2017). Morocco: an informal passage to literacy in da¯rija (Moroccan Arabic). In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 116–41.Google Scholar
Caubet, D. & Miller, C. (2016). Quels enjeux sociopolitiques autour de la darija au Maghreb. In Laroussi, F. & Sini, C., eds., Langues et mutations sociopolitiques au Maghreb. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rouen et du Havre, pp. 6790.Google Scholar
Cerruti, M. & Riccardo, R. (2014). Standardization patterns and dialect/standard convergence: a northwestern Italian perspective. Language in Society, 43(1), 83111.Google Scholar
Cheshire, J. (1982). Variation in English Dialect. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Colin, G. S. (1939). Chrestomatie marocaine. Paris: Maisonneuve.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. (2007). Style: Language Variation and Identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. & Kristiansen, T. (2011). SLICE: critical perspectives on language (de)standardisation. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds. Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 1135.Google Scholar
Deumert, A. & Vandebussche, W. (2003). Germanic Standardizations: Past and Present. Amsterdam: Benjamins.Google Scholar
Doss, M. (1995). Discours de réforme. In Roussillon, A., ed., Entre réforme sociale et mouvement national. Cairo: Cedej, pp. 235–46.Google Scholar
Doss, M. & Davies, H. (2013). Al-‘Ammiyyah al-Misriyyah al-Maktubah—Mukhtarat min 1401 ila 2009 [Writings in Egyptian Colloquial, 1401 to 2009]. Cairo: General Egyptian Book Organization.Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (2000). Linguistic Variation as Social Practice: The Linguistic Construction of Identity in Belten High. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (2012). Three waves of variation study: the emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 87100.Google Scholar
Effat, M. R. & Versteegh, K. (2008). Media Arabic. In Versteegh, K., Eid, M., Elgibali, A., Woidich, M. & Zaborski, A., eds., Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Vol. III. Leiden: Brill, pp. 199204.Google Scholar
Eid, M. (2007). Arabic on the media: hybridity and styles. In Ditters, E. & Motzki, H.. eds., Approaches to Arabic Linguistics Presented to Kees Versteegh on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Leiden: Brill. pp. 403–34.Google Scholar
Eisele, J. C. (2003). Myth, values and practice in the representation of Arabic. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 163, 4360.Google Scholar
Fahmy, Z. (2011). Ordinary Egyptians: Creating the Modern Nation through Popular Culture. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Falchetta, J. (2019). Better sound rural or criminal? Data from a case study: the city of Temara, Morocco. In Miller, C., Barontini, A., Germanos, M.-A., Guerrero, J. & Pereira, C., eds., Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of AIDA Held in Marseille from May 30th to June 2nd, 2017. Aix-en-Provence: Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans, pp. 458–66.Google Scholar
Farrag, M. (2019). On the way to understand the pan-Arab voice. In Miller, C., Barontini, A., Germanos, M.-A., Guerrero, J. & Pereira, C., eds., Studies on Arabic Dialectology and Sociolinguistics, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of AIDA Held in Marseille from May 30th to June 2nd, 2017. Aix-en-Provence: Institut de recherches et d’études sur les mondes arabes et musulmans, pp. 467–81.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–40.Google Scholar
Ferguson, C. (1987). Standardization as a form of language spread. In Georgetown University Round Table in Language and Linguistics, pp. 119–32 (reprinted in K. Belnap, & N. Haeri 1997, eds. Structural Studies in Arabic Linguistics: Charles A. Ferguson’s papers 1954–1994, Leiden: Brill, pp. 6980).Google Scholar
Gibson, M. (2002). Dialect levelling in Tunisian Arabic: towards a new spoken standard. In Rouchdy, A., ed., Language Contact and Language Conflict Phenomena in Arabic. London: Curzon, pp. 2440.Google Scholar
Hachimi, A. (2011). Réinterprétation sociale d’un vieux parler citadin maghrébin à Casablanca. Langage et Société, 138, 2042.Google Scholar
Hachimi, A. (2013). The Maghreb-Mashreq language ideology and the politics of identity in a globalized Arab world. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 17(3), 321–41.Google Scholar
Haeri, N. (1992). How different are men and women: palatalization in Cairo. In Broselow, E., Eid, M. & McCarthy, J., eds., Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics IV. Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins, pp. 169–80.Google Scholar
Haeri, N. (1996). The Sociolinguistic Market of Cairo. Gender, Class and Education. London/New York: Kegan Paul International.Google Scholar
Haeri, N. (2003). Sacred Language, Ordinary People: Dilemmas of Culture and Politics in Egypt. New York: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Hall, J. L. (2015). Debating Darija: Language Ideology and the Written Representation of Moroccan Arabic in Morocco. Doctoral thesis. University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1966). Dialect, language, nation. American Anthropologist, 68(4), 922–35.Google Scholar
Hinskens, F. (1996). Dialect Levelling in Limburg: Structural and Sociolinguistic Aspects. Tübingen: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Hirschkind, C. (2010). New media and political dissent in Egypt. Revista de Dialectologia y Tradiciones Populares, 65, 137–53.Google Scholar
Høgilt, J. (2017). Dialect with an attitude. Language and criticism in new Egyptian print media. In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 6889.Google Scholar
Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G. (2017). The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill.Google Scholar
Holes, C. (1986). The social motivation for phonological convergence in three Arabic dialects. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 61, 3351.Google Scholar
Holes, C. (1995). Community, dialect and urbanization in the Arabic-speaking Middle East. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 58(2), 270–87.Google Scholar
Holes, C. (2011). Language and identity in the Arabian Gulf. Journal of Arabian Studies, 1(2), 129–45.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, M. (1986). Standard and prestige language: a problem in Arabic sociolinguistics. Anthropological Linguistics, 28, 115–26.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, J. N., Karrebæk, M. S., Madsen, L. M. & Mølle, J. S. (2011). Polylanguaging in superdiversity. Diversities, 13, 2.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. (2001), Mobility, meritocracy and dialect levelling: the fading (and phasing) out of Received Pronunciation. In Rajame, P., ed., British Studies in the New Millennium: Challenge of the Grassroots. Proceedings of the 3rd Tartu Conference on British Studies. Tartu: University of Tartu, pp. 4558.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. (2002). Koineization and accommodation. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, P. & Schilling-Estes, N., eds., The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden, MA: Backwell Publishing, pp. 669702.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. (2003). Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English. In Britain, D. & Cheshire, J., eds., Social Dialectology: In Honour of Peter Trudgill. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 223–43.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. (2006). Migration and language. In Ammon, U., Dittmar, P., Mattheier, K. J., & Trudgill, P., eds., Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, 2nd edn, Vol. III. Berlin: de Guyter, pp. 2271–85.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. (2016). Review of Brit Mæhlum and Unn Røyneland: Det norske dialektlandskapet. Oslo: Cappelen Damm 2012, 199 pp. Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift, 34, 117–25.Google Scholar
Kerswill, P. & Williams, A. (2000). Creating a new town koine: children and language change in Milton Keynes. Language in Society, 29(1), 65105.Google Scholar
Kindt, K. & Kebede, T. A. (2017). A language for the people. Quantitative indicators of written da¯rija and ‘a¯miyya in Cairo and Rabat. In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 1840.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2003). Danish. In Deumert, A. & Vandebussche, W., eds., Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 6991.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds. (2011). Standard Languages and Language: Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change: Social Factors. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H. (2018). Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lentin, J. (2012). Moyen arabe et variétés mixtes de l’arabe: premier essai de bibliographie, Supplément 1. In Zack, L. & Schippers, A., eds., Middle Arabic and Mixed Arabic: Diachrony and Synchrony. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 2750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lentin, J. & Grand’Henry, J. (2008). Moyen arabe et variétés mixtes de l’arabe a` travers l’histoire. Louvain-La-Neuve: Institut Orientaliste de Louvain.Google Scholar
Lodge, R. A. (1993). French: From Dialect to Standard. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Macaulay, R. (1997). Standard and Variation in Urban Speech: Examples from Lowland Scots. Amsterdam/Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Marçais, W. (1930). La diglossie arabe. L’enseignement public, 14, 401–9.Google Scholar
Mattheier, K. J. (1997). Über Destandardisierung, Umstandardisierung und Standardisierung in modern europäischen Standar sprachen. In Mattheier, K. J. & Radtke, E., eds., Standardisierung und Destandardisierung europa¨ischer Nationalsprache. Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang, pp. 111.Google Scholar
Mejdell, G. (2006). Mixed Styles in Spoken Arabic in Egypt. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Mejdell, G. (2008a). Is modern fusha a ‘standard’ language? In Ibrahim, Z. & Makhlouf, S., eds., Linguistics in an Age of Globalization. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, pp. 4152.Google Scholar
Mejdell, G. (2008b). What is happening to lughatuna¯ l-gamı¯la? Recent media representations and social practice in Egypt. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 8, 108–24.Google Scholar
Mejdell, G. (2017). Changing norms, concepts and practices of written Arabic. A ‘long distance’ perspective. In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 6889.Google Scholar
Messaoudi, L. (2001). Urbanisation linguistique et dynamique langagières dans la ville de Rabat. In Bulot, T., Bauvois, C. & Blanchet, P., eds., Sociolinguistique urbaine: Variations linguistiques, images urbaines et sociales. Rennes: Presses de l’Université de Rennes, pp. 8798.Google Scholar
Miller, C. (2004). Variation and changes in Arabic urban vernaculars. In Haak, M., Versteegh, K. & Dejong, R., eds., Approaches to Arabic Dialects: Collection of Articles Presented to Manfred Woidich on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Amsterdam: Brill, pp. 177206.Google Scholar
Miller, C. (2005). Between accommodation and resistance: upper Egyptian migrants in Cairo. Linguistics, 43(5), 903–56.Google Scholar
Miller, C. (2007). Arabic urban vernaculars: development and changes. In Miller, C., Al-Wer, E., Caubet, D., & Watson, J., eds., Arabic in the City: Issues in Dialect Contact and Language Variation. London/New York: Routledge-Taylor, pp. 130.Google Scholar
Miller, C. (2012). Mexicans speaking in da¯rija (Moroccan Arabic): media, urbanization and language changes in Morocco. In Bassiouney, R. & Katz, G., eds., Arabic Language & Linguistics. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 165–88.Google Scholar
Miller, C. (2017). Contemporary da¯rija writings in Morocco. Ideology and practices. In Høgilt, J. & Mejdell, G., eds., The Politics of Written Language in the Arab World: Writing Change. Leiden/Boston, MA: Brill, pp. 90115.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. (2001). Languages ideologies and the consequence of standardization. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 5(4), 530–55.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in Language: Investigating Standard English. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1980). Language and Social Networks. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Mitchell, T. F. (1986). What is Educated Spoken Arabic? International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 61, 732.Google Scholar
Nordenson, J. (2017). Arabic language use on Twitter in Egypt and Kuwait. In Eggen, N. S. & Issa, R., eds., Philologists in the World: A Festschrift in Honour of Gunvor Mejdell. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 341–64.Google Scholar
Nortier, J &. Svendsen, B. A. (2015). Language, Youth and Identity in the 21st Century. Linguistic Practices across Urban Spaces. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Palfreyman, D. & Al Khalil, M. (2003). A funky language for teenzz to use. Representing Gulf Arabic in instant messaging. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 9, 2344.Google Scholar
Palva, H. (1982). Patterns of koineization in Modern Colloquial Arabic. Acta Orientalia, 43, 1332.Google Scholar
Parkinson, D. (1991). Searching for Modern Fusha: real life formal Arabic. Al Arabiyya, 26, 61111.Google Scholar
Pepe, T. (2017). Mixed Arabic as a subversive literary style [2005–2011]. In Eggen, N. S. & Issa, R., eds., Philologists in the World: A Festschrift in Honour of Gunvor Mejdell. Oslo: Novus Press, pp. 365–96.Google Scholar
Plonka, A. (2004). L’idée de la langue libanaise d’apre`s Sa’ıˆd ‘Aql. Paris: Gueuthner.Google Scholar
Rampton, B. (2011). From ‘multi-ethnic adolescent heteroglossia’ to ‘contemporary urban vernaculars’. Language & Communication, 31(4), 276–94.Google Scholar
Ramsay, G. (2013). What kind of Arabic and why? Language in Egyptian blog. Orientalia Suecana, 61, 4987.Google Scholar
Rizk, S. (2007). The language of Cairo’s young university students. In Miller, C., Al-Wer, E., Caubet, D., & Watson, J., eds., Arabic in the City: Issues in Dialect Contact and Language Variation. London/New York: Routledge-Taylor, pp. 291308.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, G. (2004). Egyptian Arabic as a written language. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam, 29, 281340.Google Scholar
Rosenbaum, G. (2012). ‘Our beautiful language’: contemporary criticism of the use of colloquial Arabic in Egypt as a rear-guard battle. In Barontini, A., Pereira, C., Vicente, A., & Ziamari, K., eds., Dynamiques langagie`res en Arabophonie. Zaragoza: Universitad de Zaragoza, pp. 427–48.Google Scholar
Royal, A. M. (1985). Male/Female Pharyngealization Patterns in Cairo Arabic: A Sociolinguistic Study of Two Neighborhoods. Austin: University of Texas, Department of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Røyneland, U. (2009). Dialects in Norway: catching up with the rest of Europe? International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 196 –7, 730.Google Scholar
Ruiter, J. J. & Ziamari, K. (2014). Le marché sociolinguistique contemporain du Maroc. Paris: l’Harmattan.Google Scholar
Sadiq, S. (2017). Dialect convergence in Egypt: The Impact of Cairo Arabic on Minya Arabic. Doctoral thesis. University of York.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. & Vicente, A. (2012). Variación dialectal en árabe marroquí: əl-haḍra š-šāmālīya u la-hḍṛa l-maṛṛākšīya. In Barontini, A., Pereira, C., Vicente, A. & Ziamari, K., eds., Dynamiques langagie`res en Arabophonie. Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza, pp. 223–52.Google Scholar
Schmidt, R. W. (1974). Sociolinguistic Variation in Spoken Egyptian Arabic. A Re-examination of the Concept of Diglossia. Doctoral thesis. Georgetown University.Google Scholar
Schulthies, B. L. (2015). Do you speak Arabic? Managing axes of adequation and difference in pan-Arab talent programs. Language & Communication, 44, 5971.Google Scholar
Suleiman, Y. (2003). The Arabic Language and National Identity: A Study in Ideology. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Suleiman, Y. (2007). Arabiyya. In Versteegh, K., Eid, M., Elgibali, A., Woidich, M. & Zaborski, A., eds., Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Leiden: Brill, pp. 173–8.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1972). Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich. Language in Society, 1(2), 179–95.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1986). Dialects in Contact. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Versteegh, K., Eid, M., Elgibali, A., Woidich, M. & Zaborski, A. (2006–08). Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, 5 vols. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Walters, K. (1991). Women, men and linguistic variation in the Arab world. In B. Comrie & M. Eid, eds., Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics III, 199229.Google Scholar
Walters, K. (1996). Diglossia, linguistic variation and language change in Arabic. In M. Eid, ed., Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics: Papers from the Annual Symposium on Arabic Linguistics VIII, 157200.Google Scholar
Walters, K. (2003). Fergie’s prescience: the changing nature of diglossia in Tunisia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 163, 77110.Google Scholar
Warschauer, M., El Said, G. R. & Zohry, A. (2007). Language choice online: globalization and identity online. In Danet, B. & Herring, S. C., eds., The Multilingual Internet: Language, Internet and Communication Online. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 303–18.Google Scholar
Woidich, M. (1994). Cairo Arabic and the Egyptian dialects. In Caubet, D. & Vanhove, M., eds., Actes des Premie`res journées Internationales de Dialectologie Arabe. Paris: Inalco, pp. 493510.Google Scholar
Woidich, M. (2018). On some intensifiers in Egyptian Arabic slang. In Boucherit, A., Machhour, H., & Rouchdy, M., eds., Mélanges offerts a` Madiha Doss: La Linguistique comme engagement. Cairo: IFAO, pp. 253–73.Google Scholar
Ziamari, K. (2008). Le Code switching au Maroc: L’Arabe marocain au contact du franc¸ais. Paris: l’Harmattan.Google Scholar

References

Bauman, Z. (2004). Identity. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Beck, U. (1992). Risk Society. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Bentahila, A. & Davies, E. (1993). Language revival: restoration or transformation? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 14(5), 355–73.Google Scholar
Blackwood, R. (2011). Language beliefs and the polynomic model for Corsican. Language Awareness, 20(1), 1730.Google Scholar
Campbell-Kibler, K. & Bauer, M. K. (2015). Competing reflexive models of regional speech in northern Ohio. Journal of English Linguistics, 43(2), 95117.Google Scholar
Camps, D. (2018). Legitimating Limburgish. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 99110.Google Scholar
Cook, V. (2015). Where is the native speaker now? TESOL Quarterly, 50(1), 186–9.Google Scholar
Costa, J. (2018). On the pros and cons of standardizing Scots: notes from the north of a small island. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 82109.Google Scholar
Costa, J., De Korne, H. & Lane, P. (2018). Standardising minority languages: reinventing peripheral languages in the 21st century. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 136.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. (2010). Introduction. In Coupland, N., ed., The Handbook of Language and Globalization. London: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 128.Google Scholar
Coupland, N. & Kristiansen, T. (2011). Critical perspectives on language standardisation. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 1138.Google Scholar
Cutler, C. (2009). Yorkville crossing. In Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A., eds., The New Sociolinguistics Reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 299310.Google Scholar
Darquennes, J. (2012). Language standardization and language identity issues in European language minority settings. In Studer, P. & Werlen, I., eds., Linguistic Diversity in Europe. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 6986.Google Scholar
Darquennes, J. & Vandenbussche, W. (2015). The standardisation of minority languages – introductory remarks. Sociolinguistica, 29(1), 116.Google Scholar
Davies, A. (2000). What second language learners can tell us about the native speakers. In Cooper, R., Shohamy, E. & Walters, J., eds., New Perspectives and Issues in Educational Language Policy. Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins, pp. 91112.Google Scholar
Davies-Deacon, M. (2017). Names, varieties and ideologies in revived Cornish. Studia Celtica Posnaniensia, 2, 8195.Google Scholar
Deumert, A. & Vandenbussche, W. (2003). Standard languages: taxonomies and histories. In Deumert, A. & Vandenbussche, W., eds., Germanic Standardisations: Past to Present. Amsterdam: Benjamins, pp. 114.Google Scholar
Duchêne, A. & Heller, M. (2012). Language in Late Capitalism: Pride and Profit. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Evans, B. Benson, E. & Stanford, J. (2018). Introduction. In Evans, B., Benson, E. & Stanford, J., eds., Language Regard. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 115.Google Scholar
Fairclough, N. (2001). Language and Power. Harlow: Pearson.Google Scholar
Frekko, S. (2009). ‘Normal’ in Catalonia. Language in Society, 38(1), 7193.Google Scholar
Gal, S. (2018). Visions and revisions of minority languages: standardization and its dilemmas. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages: Competing Ideologies of Authority and Authenticity in the Global Periphery. London: Routledge, pp. 301–30.Google Scholar
Garrett, P. (2010). Attitudes to Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Giddens, A. (2002) Runaway World. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Grenoble, L. & Bulatova, N. J. (2018). Language standardization in the aftermath of the Soviet language empire. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 157–83.Google Scholar
Grenoble, L. & Whaley, L. (2006). Saving Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. (1966). Dialect, language, nation. American Anthropologist, 68(4), 922–35.Google Scholar
Hornsby, M. (2017). Finding an ideological niche for New Speakers in a minoritized language community. Language Culture and Curriculum, 30(1), 91104.Google Scholar
Irvine, J. T. & Gal, S. (2009). Language ideological processes. In Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A., eds., The New Sociolinguistic Reader. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 374–77.Google Scholar
Jaffe, A. (2003). Misrecognition unmasked? Pragmatics, 13(3/4), 515–38.Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. (2016). English as a lingua franca in the expanding circle. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J. & Sharma, D., eds., The Oxford Handbook of World Englishes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 549–66.Google Scholar
Jones, M. C. & Mooney, D. (2017). Creating orthographies for endangered languages. In Jones, M. C. & Mooney, D., eds., Creating Orthographies for Endangered Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 135.Google Scholar
Joseph, J. E. (1987) Eloquence and Power: The Rise of Language Standards and Standard Languages. London: Frances Pinter.Google Scholar
Kammacher, L., Stæhr, A. & Jørgensen, J. N. (2011). Attitudinal and sociostructural factors and their role in dialect change. Language Variation and Change, 22(1), 87104.Google Scholar
Karan, E. (2014). Standardization: what’s the hurry? In Cahill, M. & Rice, K., eds., Developing Orthographies for Unwritten Languages. Dallas, TX: SIL International, pp. 107–38.Google Scholar
Kasstan, J. (2018). Exploring contested authenticity among speakers of a contested language: the case of ‘Francoprovençal’. Journal of Multilingual & Multicultural Development, 39(5), 382–93.Google Scholar
Kramsch, C. (1997). The privilege of the nonnative speaker. PMLA, 112(3), 359–69.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, T. (2009). The macro level social meaning of Late-Modern Danish accents. Acta Linguistica Hafniensia, 41(1), 167–92.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Lane, P. (2018). Language standardization as frozen mediated action. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 136–57.Google Scholar
Lenoach, C. (2014). Sealbhu´ Neamhiomla´n na Gaeilge mar Chéad Teanga sa Da´theangachas Dealaitheach. Doctoral thesis. National University of Ireland, Galway.Google Scholar
Leonard, S. & Árnason, K. (2011). Language ideology and standardisation in Iceland. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 91–6.Google Scholar
Lippi-Green, R. (2012). English with an Accent. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lodge, R.A. (2010). The sources of standardisation in French. In Ingham, R., ed., Anglo-Norman Language and Its Contexts. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer, pp. 2643.Google Scholar
Maegaard, M. (2009). How many standards? In Maegaard, M., Gregersen, F., Quist, P. & Jørggensen, J. N., eds., Language Attitudes, Standardization and Language Change. Oslo: Novus, pp. 131–47.Google Scholar
Maguire, G. (1991). Our Own Language. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
McGuigan, C. (2016). A Comparative Analysis of Noun and Verbal Morphology in the Speech of Irish Speakers in the Donegal Gaeltacht and Belfast. Doctoral thesis. Queen’s University Belfast.Google Scholar
McKenzie, R. M., Kitikanan, P. & Boriboon, P. (2016). The competence and warmth of Thai students’ attitudes towards varieties of English. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 37(4), 536–50.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1999). Authority in Language. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Moal, S., ó Murchadha, N. & Walsh, J. (2018). New speakers and language in the media. In Smith-Christmas, C., ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. & Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages. London: Palgrave, pp. 189212.Google Scholar
Montoya-Abat, B. (2009). Phonological features of attrition. In Stanford, J. & Preston, D., eds., Variation in Indigenous Minority Languages. Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins, pp. 211–27.Google Scholar
Mugglestone, L. (2003). Talking Proper. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Nance, C. (2015). ‘New’ Scottish Gaelic speakers in Glasgow. Language in Society, 44(4), 533–79.Google Scholar
Nic Fhlannchadha, S. & Hickey, T. M. (2017). Acquiring an opaque gender system in Irish. First Language, 37(5), 475–99.Google Scholar
Niedzielski, N. & Preston, D. (2010). Folk Linguistics. Berlin: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
ó Curnáin, B. (2007). The Irish of Iorras Aithneach, Co. Galway. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies.Google Scholar
ó Duibhir, P. (2018). Immersion Education: Lessons from a Minority Language Context. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
ó hIfearnáin, T. (2008). Endangering language vitality through institutional development. In King, K. A., Schilling-Estes, N., Fogle, L., Lou, J. J. & Soukup, B., eds., Sustaining Linguistic Diversity. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, pp. 113–28.Google Scholar
ó hIfearnáin, T. (2015). Sociolinguistic vitality of Manx after extreme language shift. International Journal for the Sociology of Language, 231, 4562.Google Scholar
ó hIfearnáin, T. & ó Murchadha, N. (2011). The perception of Standard Irish as a prestige target variety. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 97104.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. (2013). Authority and innovation in language variation. In Kristiansen, T. & Grondelaers, S., eds., Language (De)Standardisation in Late Modern Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 7196.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. (2016). The efficacy of unitary and polynomic models of codification in minority language contexts. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 37(2), 199215.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. & Flynn, C. J. (2018a). Educators’ target language varieties for language learners. Modern Language Journal, 102(4), 797813.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. & Flynn, C. J. (2018b). Language educators’ regard for variation in Late Modernity: perceptions of linguistic variation in minority contexts. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 22(3), 288311.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. & Migge, B. (2017). Support, transmission, education and target varieties in the Celtic languages, Language, Culture and Curriculum, 30(1), 112.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N. & ó hIfearnáin, T. (2018). Converging and diverging stances on target varieties in collateral languages. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39(5), 458–69.Google Scholar
ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M., Smith-Christmas, C. & Moriarty, M. (2018). ‘New’ speakers, familiar concepts? In Smith-Christmas, C., ó Murchadha, N., Hornsby, M. & Moriarty, M., eds., New Speakers of Minority Languages: Linguistic Ideologies and Practices. London: Palgrave, pp. 112.Google Scholar
O’Rahilly, T. F. (1932). Irish Dialects Past and Present. Dublin: Browne and Nolan.Google Scholar
O’Rourke, B. (2018). Negotiating the standard in contemporary Galicia. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 121–46.Google Scholar
Patrick, D., Murasugi, K. & Palluq-Cloutier, J. (2018). Standardization of Inuit languages in Canada. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 182208.Google Scholar
Peery, C. (2012). New Deal Navajo linguistics. Language and Communication, 32(2), 114–23.Google Scholar
Pétervary, T, ó Curnáin, B., ó Giollagáin, C. & Sheahan, J. (2014). Analysis of Bilingual Competence. Dublin: COGG.Google Scholar
Priest, K. (2008) Oc-lite: why aren’t the Occitans more like the Catalans? Sociolinguistica, 22, 140–56.Google Scholar
Rannóg an Aistriúcháin (1958). Gramadach na Gaeilge agus Litriu´ na Gaeilge: An Caighdean Oifigiu´il. Dublin: Oifig an tSoláthair.Google Scholar
Rice, K. & Cahill, M. (2014). Introduction. In Cahill, M. & Rice, K., eds., Developing Orthographies for Unwritten Languages. Dallas, TX: SIL International, pp. 16.Google Scholar
Romaine, S. (2007). Preserving endangered languages. Language and Linguistic Compass, 1(1–2), 115–32.Google Scholar
Røyneland, U. (2016). Revision of the Nynorsk standard: deliberation, decision and legitimisation. Sociolinguistica, 30(1), 83104.Google Scholar
Sallabank, J. (2013). Attitudes to Endangered Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schlieben-Lange, B. (1993). Occitan: French. In Posner, R. & Green, J. N., eds., Trends in Romance Linguistics and Philology, Vol. V. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 209–30.Google Scholar
Spolsky, B. (2004). Language Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Stanford, J. & Preston, D. (2009). The lure of a distant horizon. In Stanford, J. & Preston, D., eds., Variation in Indigenous Minority Languages. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. (1974). The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Urla, J., Amorrortu, E., Ortega, A. & Goirigolzarri, J. (2018). Basque standardization and the New Speaker: political praxis and the dynamics of authority and value. In Lane, P., Costa, J. & De Korne, H., eds., Standardizing Minority Languages. London: Routledge, pp. 4881.Google Scholar
Vaicekauskiene, L. (2011). Language ‘nationalisation’. In Kristiansen, T. & Coupland, N., eds., Standard Languages and Language Standards in a Changing Europe. Oslo: Novus, pp. 105–12.Google Scholar
Wright, S. (2016). Peuple, langue, territoire. Sociolinguistica, 30(1) 4565.Google Scholar

References

Adam, R. (2015). Standardization of sign languages. Sign Language Studies, 15(4), 432–45.Google Scholar
Al-Fityani, K. (2010). Deaf People, Modernity, and a Contentious Effort to Unify Arab Sign Languages. Doctoral thesis. University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Al-Fityani, K. & Padden, C. (2010). Sign languages in the Arab world. In Brentari, D., ed., Sign Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 433–50.Google Scholar
Basso, I. (2003). Educação de pessoas surdas: novos olhares sobre as questões do ensinar e do aprender a língua portuguesa. Dissertação de Mestrado. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Google Scholar
Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S. & Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers: opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39, 129–81.Google Scholar
Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location the Culture. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Boon, E. D. (2014). Heritage Welsh: A Study of Heritage Language as the Outcome of Minority Language Acquisition and Bilingualism. Doctoral thesis. Harvard University.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Boyes-Braem, P. & Rathmann, C. (2010). Transmission of sign languages in Northern Europe. In Brentari, D., ed., Cambridge Language Surveys: Sign Languages. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1945.Google Scholar
Cooper, R. L. (1989). Language Planning and Social Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, Power and Pedagogy: Bilingual Children in the Crossfire. Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 23. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
De Meulder, M. (2016). The Power of Language Policy: The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages and the Aspirations of Deaf Communities. Jyväskylä: Jyväskylä University Printing House.Google Scholar
De Meulder, M., Murray, J. J. & McKee, R. (2019). The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Derrida, J. (1997 [1967]). Of Grammatology. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Eichmann, H. (2008). ‘Hands off our Language!’ Deaf Sign Language Teachers’ Perspectives on Sign Language Standardisation. Doctoral thesis. University of Central Lancashire.Google Scholar
Eichmann, H. (2009). Planning sign languages: promoting hearing hegemony? Conceptualizing sign language standardization. Current Issues in Language Planning, 10(3), 293307.Google Scholar
Geers, A. E., Mitchell, C. M., Warner-Czyz, A., Wang, N.-Y. & Eisenberg, L. S. (2017). Early sign language exposure and cochlear implantation benefits. Pediatrics, 140(1), e20163489.Google Scholar
Geraci, C. (2012). Language policy and planning: the case of Italian Sign Language. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 494518.Google Scholar
Grosjean, F. (1982). Life with Two Languages: An Introduction to Bilingualism, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Haugen, E. I. (1972). The Ecology of Language. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Hill, J. (2013). Language ideologies, policies, and attitudes toward signed languages. In Bayley, R., Cameron, R. & Lucas, C., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 118.Google Scholar
Hoffman, E. G. (2008). Standardization beyond Form: Ideologies, Institutions and Semiotics of Napali Sign Language. Doctoral thesis. University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Hohenhaus, P. (2002). Standardization, language change, resistance and the question of linguistic threat: 18th-century English and present-day German. In Linn, A.R. & McLelland, N., eds., Standardization: Studies from the Germanic Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 153–76.Google Scholar
Hornberger, N. (2006). Frameworks and models in language policy and planning. In Ricento, T., ed., An Introduction to Language Policy: Theory and Method. Malden, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hudgins, C. V. & Numbers, F. C. (1942). An investigation of the intelligibility of the speech of the deaf. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 25, 289392.Google Scholar
Hult, F. M. & Compton, S. E. (2012). Deaf education policy as language policy: a comparative analysis of Sweden and the United States. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 602–20.Google Scholar
Humphries, T., Kushalnagar, P., Mathur, G., Jo Napoli, D., Padden, C. & Rathmann, C. (2013). The right to language. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41(4), 872–84.Google Scholar
Humphries, T., Kushalnagar, P., Mathur, G., Jo Napoli, D., Padden, C. & Rathmann, C. (2014). Ensuring language acquisition for deaf children: what linguists can do. Language, 90(2), 3152.Google Scholar
Humphries, T., Kushalnagar, P., Mathur, G. et al. (2012). Language acquisition for deaf children: reducing the harms of zero tolerance to the use of alternative approaches. Harm Reduction Journal, 9, 16.Google Scholar
Johnson, R. E, Liddell, S. & Erting, C. (1989). Unlocking the curriculum: principles for achieving aces in deaf education. Department of Linguistics and Interpreting of Gallaudet University Working Paper, 89(3). Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED316978.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ladd, P. (2003). Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Lane, H., Hoffmeister, R. & Bahan, B. (1996). A Journey into the Deaf World. San Diego, CA: DawnSignPress.Google Scholar
Lillo-Martin, D. C. (1986). Parameter Setting: Evidence from Use, Acquisition, and Breakdown in American Sign Language. Doctoral thesis. University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Lin, C. M.-C., de García, B. G. & Chen-Pichler, D. (2009). Standardizing Chinese Sign Language for use in post-secondary education, Current Issues in Language Planning, 10(3), 327–37.Google Scholar
Machado, R. N. (2016). Empréstimos linguísticos na Libras: primeira turma do curso de letras libras da UFSC. Master’s thesis (Dissertação de Mestrado). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis.Google Scholar
Marschark, M., Tang, G. & Knoors, H. (2014). Bilingualism and Bilingual Deaf Education. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mayberry, R. I. (2010). Early language acquisition and adult language ability: what sign language reveals about the critical period for language. In Marschark, M. & Spencer, P., eds., Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education, Vol. II, pp. 281–91.Google Scholar
Mayberry, R. I., Chen, J.-K., Witcher, P., & Klein, D. (2011). Age of acquisition effects on the functional organization of language in the adult brain. Brain and Language, 119, 1629.Google Scholar
Mayberry, R. I., del Giudice, A. A. & Lieberman, A. M. (2010). Reading achievement in relation to phonological coding and awareness in deaf readers: a meta-analysis. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 16(2), 164–88.Google Scholar
Muñoz, A. G. B. & Robayo, C. A. (2016). Neologismos en lengua de señas colombiana (LSC): desafios entorno a la planificación lingüística en comunidades sordas. GLOTTOPOL Revue de sociolinguistique en ligne, 27, 6580.Google Scholar
Padden, C. & Humphries, T. (1998). Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Parisot, A.-M. & Rinfret, J. (2012). Recognition of Langue des Signes Québécoise in eastern Canada. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 583601.Google Scholar
Preston, P. (1994). Mother Father Deaf: Living between Sound and Silence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (1997). Educac¸a˜o de surdos: aquisic¸a˜o da linguagem. Porto Alegre: Editora ArtMed.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (2006). Políticas lingüísticas e educação de surdos em Santa Catarina: espaço de negociações. Cadernos do CEDES (UNICAMP), 26, 141–62.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (2009). Políticas lingüísticas e bilingüismo na educação de surdos brasileiros. In Lingu¨ı´stica lusobrasileira. Madrid: Iberoamericana Editorial Vervuert, Vol. I, pp. 215–35.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (2012). Linguistic policies, linguistic planning, and Brazilian Sign Language in Brazil. Sign Language Studies, 12, 543–64.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M., ed. (2014). Letras Libras: ontem, hoje e amanha˜. Editora Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Retrieved from https://libras.ufsc.br/letras-libras-ontem-hoje-e-amanha/Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (2017). Lı´ngua de heranc¸a: Libras. Porto Alegre: Editora Penso.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. (2018). Bimodal bilingual heritage signers: a balancing act of languages and modalities. Sign Language Studies, 18, 355–84.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. & Paterno, U. (2007). Políticas lingüísticas: o impacto do decreto 5626 para os surdos brasileiros. Espac¸o (INES), 1, 1925.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M. & Hoffmeister, R. (2019). The politics of L1 sign language pedagogy. In Rosen, R. S., ed., The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Pedagogy. London: Routledge, pp. 129–42.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M., de Strobel, K. L. & Masutti, M. L. (2014). Deaf gains in Brazil: linguistic policies and network establishment. In Bauman, H. L. & Murray, J. J., eds., Deaf Gain: Raising the Stakes for Human Diversity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 341–55.Google Scholar
Quadros, R. M., Neves, B. C., Schmitt, D., Lohn, J. T. & Luchi, M. (2019). Lı´ngua Brasileira de Sinais: Patrimoˆnio Linguı´stico Brasileiro. Florianópolis: Editora Garapuvu.Google Scholar
Quer, J. (2012). Legal pathways to the recognition of sign languages: a comparison of the Catalan and Spanish Sign Language Acts. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 565–82.Google Scholar
Quer, J. & Quadros, R. M., eds. (2012). Language Planning and Policies for Sign Languages. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), Special issue.Google Scholar
Quer, J. & Quadros, R. M. (2015). Language policies and planning in Deaf communities. In Schembri, A. C. & Lucas, C., eds., Sociolinguistics and Deaf Communities. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 120–45.Google Scholar
Reagan, T. (2010). Language Policy and Planning for Sign Languages. Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press.Google Scholar
Reffell, H. & McKee, R. L. (2009). Motives and outcomes of New Zealand sign language legislation: a comparative study between New Zealand and Finland, Current Issues in Language Planning, 10(3), 272–92.Google Scholar
Ruiz, R. (1984). Orientations in language planning. NABE Journal, 8(2), 1534.Google Scholar
Schermer, T. (2003). From variant to standard: an overview of the standardization process of the lexicon of sign language of the Netherlands over two decades. Sign Language Studies, 3(4), 469–86.Google Scholar
Schermer, T. (2012). Sign language planning in the Netherlands between 1980 and 2010. Sign Language Studies, 12(4), 467–93.Google Scholar
Skliar, C. B. & Quadros, R. M. (2004). Bilingual deaf education in the south of Brazil. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 7, 368–82.Google Scholar
Spolsky, B. (2014). Language beliefs and the management of endangered languages. In Austin, P. K. & Sallabank, J., eds., Endangered Languages: Beliefs and Ideologies in Language Documentation and Revitalisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 407–22.Google Scholar
Stamp, R., Schembri, A., Fenlon, J., Rentelis, R., Woll, B. & Cormier, K. (2014). Lexical variation and change in British Sign Language. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e94053.Google Scholar
Stokoe, W. (1960). Sign language structure: an outline of the visual communication systems of the American deaf. Studies in Linguistics: Occasional Papers, 8.Google Scholar
Stumpf, M. R., de Oliviera, J. S. & Miranda, R. D. (2014). O glossário letras-libras como instrumento para estudo de unidades terminológicas em libras. In Stump, M., de Quadros, R. M. & de Arantes, L. T., eds., Estudos da lı´ngua brasileira de sinais II. Florianópolis: Editora Insular, Vol. II, pp. 145–64.Google Scholar
Sutton, V. (1999). Lessons in SignWriting – Textbook and Workbook, 2nd edn. La Jolla: Deaf Action Committee for SignWriting.Google Scholar
Sutton-Spence, R. & Quadros, R. M. (2005). Sign language poetry and Deaf identity. Sign Language Linguistics, 8(1/2), 177212.Google Scholar
Svartholm, K. (1993). Bilingual education for the deaf in Sweden. Sign Language Studies, 81, 291332.Google Scholar
Svartholm, K. (2010). Bilingual education for deaf children in Sweden. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(2), 154–74.Google Scholar
Svartholm, K. (2014). 35 Years of Bilingual Deaf Education – And Then? (Edição especial n. 2/2014). Curitiba: Editora UFPR, pp. 3350.Google Scholar
Van Herreweghe, M. & Vermeerbergen, M. (2009). Flemish Sign Language standardisation, Current Issues in Language Planning, 10(3), 308–26.Google Scholar
Wanderley, D. C. (2017). A classificação dos verbos com concordância da língua brasileira de sinais: uma análise a partir do SignWriting. Doctoral thesis. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Google Scholar
World Federation of the Deaf (2009). WFD statement on the unification of Arab Sign Languages. Retrieved from http://wfdeaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Statement-on-the-Unification-of-Arab-Sign-Languages-FINAL-091.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Federation of the Deaf (2011). Bilingualism as a basic human right for deaf children in education. Retrieved from https://wfdeaf.org/news/bilingualism-as-a-basic-human-right-for-deaf-children-in-educationGoogle Scholar
World Federation of the Deaf (2017). The Legal Recognition of Sign Languages. Retrieved from https://wfdeaf.org/news/resources/infographics-legal-recognition-sign-languages-type-legislation/Google Scholar
Xavier, A. N. (2014). Uma ou duas? Eis a questão! Um estudo do parâmetro número de mãos na produção de sinais da língua brasileira de sinais (libras). Doctoral thesis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×