In 1939, the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan continued the survey of the Manitoulin District of Ontario, begun in 1938. Two sites were found on abandoned beaches of Lake Huron, both bearing cultural material in such positions as to enable dating of the material. The first site to be found (KB1) is two miles east of Killarney, on the mainland to the northeast of Manitoulin Island; the second site (CHI) is six miles east of Killarney. The present paper is a preliminary statement of the points of chief interest concerning these two sites. Site KB1 is at about the same level as another, on Great Cloche Island twenty-four miles west, which was excavated in 1938.

In the spring of 1937 I first saw beveled artifacts in Florida. They were in the extensive catalogued collection of Florida Indian artifacts gathered by the H. H. Simpson family of High Springs, Florida. During that year, two specimens of the same type of beveled artifact were published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. These latter specimens had been excavated from a pit of pluvial gravel near Clovis, New Mexico, by a field party led by Dr. Edgar B. Howard during the summer of 1936. The three Florida artifacts described herein were found, in a total of seven pieces, by the Simpsons, beginning in June, 1927, in the bed of a Florida river.

The New Mexico artifacts were found in cultural association with typical “Folsom” chipped points; both beveled artifacts and Folsom points were in close physical association with skeletal remains of extinct animals.

The peculiar U-shaped stones called yokes, found in large quantities in the State of Veracruz, and adjacent parts of Mexico, and in smaller numbers and of less sumptuous quality through the Central American highlands, have long been the subject of much discussion. It has been claimed that on Pipil (Mexican) sculptures at Santa Lucia Cozumahualpa, on the Pacific slope of Guatemala, individuals, all of whom raise one hand or gaze up at a deity who looks down from the sky, actually wear yokes around their waists. A typical representation of one of these individuals is shown in Fig. 33 a. Dr. S. K. Lothrop considered that there could be no doubt that the pottery vessel from the neighborhood of El Quiche, Guatemala, shown in Fig. 33 b, actually represented a person wearing a stone yoke around his waist, and thereby was strengthened in his belief that the Santa Lucia Cozumahualpa figures are actually portrayed as wearing stone yokes.

In my Studies on the Inscriptions of Chichen Itza I gave tentative datings of a number of buildings and monuments on the basis of Tun-Ahau combinations contained in their inscriptions. The list is repeated here as Table I.

Some eleven years ago, about three miles outside of Lebanon, Oregon, on the north side of an extension of the foothillsof the Cascade Range, a rancher, in cleaning out his spring, discovered a fossilized bone of a large mammal. In response to his communication, Dr. S. B. Laughlin of the Department of Sociology at Willamette University, in Salem, went to the site with Professor Monk and Professor Clark, and carried out an excavation. Part of a mammoth tooth was found, a portion of a tusk, and a small bone chisel made from the rib of a mammal perhaps the size of a deer.

This locality was called to the attention of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon by Professor Laughlin's son within the past year; and in May, he and Cressman, with a number of assistants, went to the site to carry out further excavations.

At Sitio Conte, province of Code, Panama, the 1940 Pennsylvania University expedition led by Dr. J. Alden Mason resumed, after seven years interruption, the field excavation begun by the Peabody Museum of Harvard University and described in the monumental memoir by Dr. S. K. Lothrop.

The use of every time and labor saving device (even a transit) was justified by trench temperatures at times exceeding 120 degrees. However, this description will assume that no transit was available: limiting working tools to a level, an opera glass, plumb lines, lantern, and measuring tape. A compass might have sufficed for laying out the north-south reference line but stars are more accurate.

Forty centuries before telescopes made possible a greater precision, the ancients were able to orient a pyramid true north within 3 minutes 23 seconds of arc, the error being about one part in a thousand. Ordinary engineer's transits are accurate to the nearest minute.

E. H. Sellards’ recent paper, Early Man in America, was intended to be an index to all localities in which human remains are reported to have been found associated with extinct animals or in deposits that appear to be of an age equivalent to those that elsewhere contain extinct animals. The author states that some localities doubtless have been overlooked that should have been included.

It so happens that prior to writing the Folsom paper to which Sellards refers, I had outlined a general discussion of Early Man in America. In so doing I came across a considerable part of the literature which was never reproduced in the abbreviated Folsom paper as published. A check with Sellards’ paper allows me to add the following sites for which the same reservation holds which Sellards made, insofar as some of these sites might not meet the requirements of bona fide antiquity.