Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-19T10:58:56.156Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) control in fallow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2021

Mark E. Thorne*
Affiliation:
Associate in Research, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
Drew J. Lyon
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Mark E. Thorne, Associate in Research, Washington State University, PO Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164-6420. Email: mthorne@wsu.edu

Abstract

Rush skeletonweed is an invasive weed in winter wheat (WW)/summer fallow (SF) rotations in the low to intermediate rainfall areas of the inland Pacific Northwest. Standard weed control practices are not effective, resulting in additional SF tillage or herbicide applications. The objective of this field research was to identify herbicide treatments that control rush skeletonweed during the SF phase of the WW/SF rotation. Trials were conducted near LaCrosse, WA, in 2017–2019 and 2018–2020, and near Hay, WA, in 2018–2020. The LaCrosse 2017–2019 trial was in tilled SF; the other two trials were in no-till SF. Fall postharvest applications in October included clopyralid, clopyralid plus 2,4-D, clopyralid plus 2,4-D plus chlorsulfuron plus metsulfuron, aminopyralid, picloram, and glyphosate plus 2,4-D. Spring treatments of clopyralid, aminopyralid, and glyphosate were applied to rush skeletonweed rosettes. Summer treatments of 2,4-D were applied when rush skeletonweed initiated bolting. Plant density was monitored through the SF phase in all plots. Picloram provided complete control of rush skeletonweed through June at all three locations. Fall-applied clopyralid, clopyralid plus 2,4-D, and clopyralid followed by 2,4-D in summer reduced rush skeletonweed through June at the two LaCrosse sites but were ineffective at Hay. In August, just prior to WW seeding, the greatest reductions in rush skeletonweed density were achieved with picloram and fall-applied clopyralid at the two LaCrosse sites. No treatments provided effective control into August at Hay. Wheat yield in the next crop compared to the nontreated control was reduced only at one LaCrosse site by a spring-applied aminopyralid treatment, otherwise no other reductions were found. Long-term control of rush skeletonweed in WW/SF may be achieved by a combination of fall application of picloram, after wheat harvest, followed by an effective burn-down treatment in August prior to WW seeding.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Vipan Kumar, Kansas State University

References

Altom, JD, Strizke, JF (1973) Degradation of dicamba, picloram, and four phenoxy herbicides in soils. Weed Sci 21:556560 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballard, LAT (1956) Flowering of rush skeleton weed. J Aust I Agr Sci 22:5761 Google Scholar
Black, ID, Pederson, RN, Stephenson, DW (1998) The three forms of skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) in Australia differ in their susceptibility to herbicides. Plant Prot Q 13:2932 Google Scholar
Boldt, PE, Rosenthal, SS, Srinivasan, R (1998) Distribution of field bindweed and hedge bindweed in the USA. J Prod Agric 11:377381 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTomaso, JM, Kyser, GB, Oneto, SR, Wilson, RG, Orloff, SB, Anderson, LW, Wright, SD, Roncoroni, JA, Miller, TL, Prather, TS, Ransom, CV, Beck, KG, Duncan, CA, Wilson, KA, Mann, JJ (2013) Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States. University of California-Davis: Weed Research and Information Center. 544 ppGoogle Scholar
Gaskin, JF, Schwarzländer, M, Kinter, CL, Smith, JF, Novak, SJ (2013) Propagule pressure, genetic structure, and geographic origins of Chondrilla juncea (Asteraceae): An apomictic invader on three continents. Am J Bot 100:18711882 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greenham, CG (1973) Investigations on skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) with picloram and 2,4-D. Weed Res 13:243253 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groves, RH (2006) Are some weeds sleeping? Some concepts and reasons. Euphytica 148:111120 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, JW (1993) Control of rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) with herbicides. Weed Technol 7:954959 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heap, JW, Fischle, AR (1987) Control of skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea L.) with clopyralid in the South Australian Mallee. Plant Prot Q 2:132134 Google Scholar
Heering, DC, Peeper, TF (1991) Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) response to picloram and 2,4-D. Weed Technol 5:317320 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hellevang, KJ (1995) Grain and moisture content effects and management. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/extension-aben/documents/ae905.pdf. Accessed: March 2, 2021Google Scholar
Keys, CH, Friesen, HA (1968) Persistence of picloram in soil. Weed Sci 3:341343 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leys, AR, Amor, RL, Barnett, AG, Plater, B (1990) Evaluation of herbicides for control of summer-growing weeds on fallows in south-eastern Australia. Aust J Exp Agr 30:271279 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyon, DJ, Barroso, J, Thorne, ME, Gourlie, J, Lutcher, LK (2020) Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) control with soil active herbicides in no-till fallow. Weed Technol 35:547553 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McVean, DN (1966) Ecology of Chondrilla juncea L. in south-eastern Australia. J Ecol 54:345365 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, LF, Lipsett, J (1958). Competition between skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea L.) and cereals in relation to nitrogen supply. Aust J Agric Res 9:112 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nalewaja, JD (1970) Reaction of wheat to picloram. Weed Sci 18:276278 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogg, AG Jr, Young, FL (1991) Effects of preplant treatment interval and tillages on herbicide toxicity to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol 5:291296 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pareja-Sánchez, E, Plaza-Bonilla, D, Concepción Ramos, M, Lampurlanés, J, Álvaro-Fuentes, J, Cantero-Martínez, C (2017) Long-term no-till as a means to maintain soil surface structure in an agroecosystem transformed into irrigation. Soil Till Res 174:221230 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Passos, ABRJ, Souza, MF, Silva, DV, Saraiva, DT, da Silva, AA, Zanuncio, JC, Goncalves, BFS (2018) persistence of picloram in soil with different vegetation managements. Environ Sci Pollut R 25:2398623991 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
[PURR] Purdue University Research Repository (2014) Maize grain yield record for the WQFS (1995–2012), Supporting documents, Calculating harvest yields. https://purr.purdue.edu/publications/1600/serve/1/3332?el=3&download=1. Accessed: March 2, 2021Google Scholar
Ren, MX, Zhang, QG (2009) The relative generality of plant invasion mechanisms and predicting future invasive plants. Weed Res 49:449460 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenthal, RN, Schirman, R, Robocker, WC (1968) Root development of rush skeletonweed. Weed Sci 16:213217 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
San Martín, C, Long, DS, Gourlie, JA, Barroso, J (2018) Weed responses to fallow management in Pacific Northwest dryland cropping systems. PLoS ONE 13:e0204200 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS (2019) SAS OnlineDoc. Version 9.4. Cary, NC: SAS InstituteGoogle Scholar
Schillinger, WF, Papendick, RI (2008) Then and now: 125 years of dryland wheat farming in the inland Pacific Northwest. Agron J 100:S166S182 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schillinger, WF, Young, DL (2004) Cropping systems research in the world’s driest rainfed region. Agron J 96:11821187 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schirman, R, Robocker, WC (1967) Rush skeletonweed: threat to dryland agriculture. Weeds 15:310312 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaner, DL ed/ (2014) Herbicide Handbook. 10th ed. Lawrence, KS: Weed Science Society of America. 500 p Google Scholar
Spring, JF, Thorne, ME, Burke, IC, Lyon, DJ (2018) Rush skeletonweed (Chondrilla juncea) control in Pacific Northwest winter wheat. Weed Technol 32:360363 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stroup, WW (2013) Generalized Linear Mixed Models: Modern Concepts, Methods and Applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 529 pGoogle Scholar
Stroup, W, Claassen, E (2020) Pseudo-likelihood or quadrature? What we thought we knew, what we think we know, and what we are still trying to figure out. J Agr Biol Environ Stat 25:639656 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swan, DG (1982) Long-term field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) control in two cropping systems. Weed Sci 30:476480 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, ME, Young, FL, Pan, WL, Bafus, R, Alldredge, JR (2003) No-till spring cereal cropping systems reduce wind erosion susceptibility in the wheat/fallow region of the Pacific Northwest. J Soil Water Conserv 58:250257 Google Scholar
[USDA-FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture–Forest Service (2017) Field guide for managing rush skeletonweed in the Southwest. Albuquerque, NM: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 9 pGoogle Scholar
[USDA-FSA] U.S. Department of Agriculture–Farm Service Agency (2004) The Conservation Reserve Program Summary and Statistics. https://www.fsa.usda.gov/Assets/USDA-FSA-Public/usdafiles/Conservation/PDF/fy2004.pdf. Accessed: February 24, 2021Google Scholar
Van den Ende, W, Van Laere, A (1996) Fructan synthesizing and degrading activities in chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) during field-growth, storage and forcing. J Plant Physiol 149:4350 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Vleet, SM, Coombs, EM (2012) Rush skeletonweed, Chondrilla juncea L. Pacific Northwest Extension Publication 465. Pullman: Washington State University. 8 pGoogle Scholar
Wallace, J, Prather, T (2010) Rush skeletonweed control with aminopyralid on Idaho rangeland. Pages 22–23 in Western Society of Weed Science 2010 Research Progress Report. Waikola, HI: Western Society of Weed ScienceGoogle Scholar
Wilson, RG, Martin, AR, Kachman, SD (2006) Seasonal changes in carbohydrates in the root of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and the disruption of these changes by herbicides. Weed Technol 20:242248 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, RG, Michiels, A (2003) Fall herbicide treatments affect carbohydrate content in roots of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Weed Sci 51:299304 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, FL, Thorne, ME (2004) Weed-species dynamics and management in no-till and reduced-till fallow cropping systems for the semi-arid agricultural region of the Pacific Northwest, USA. Crop Prot 23:10971110 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, JH (1999) Pages 273–275 in Biostatistical Analysis, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice HallGoogle Scholar