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Impact of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on Corn (Zea mays) Grain Yield and Yield and Quality of Forage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rafael A. Massinga  and
Randall S. Currie
Rafael A. Massinga
Affiliation:
Southwest Research-Extension Center, Kansas State University, Garden City, KS 67846
Randall S. Currie*
Affiliation:
Southwest Research-Extension Center, Kansas State University, Garden City, KS 67846
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rcurrie@oz.oznet.ksu.edu
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Abstract

Studies were conducted at one location in 1997 (W97) and in two locations in 1998 (E98 and W98) near Garden City, KS, to evaluate the impact of Palmer amaranth at densities of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants/m of row on forage yield and quality of irrigated corn and to determine if harvesting Palmer amaranth–infested corn for forage rather than for grain would reduce losses. Weed-free corn, Palmer amaranth alone, and corn–Palmer amaranth harvested together were evaluated for forage yield and quality. Forage quality was determined by evaluating in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP). Corn grain and forage yield declined with increasing Palmer amaranth density. However, decline in forage yield ranged from 1 to 44% of the weed-free yield at Palmer amaranth densities of 0.5 and 8 plants/m of row, whereas decline in grain yield ranged from 11 to 74% of the weed-free yield at the same densities. Digestibility of weed-free corn forage, expressed as IVDMD, was significantly higher than that of Palmer amaranth alone at W97 and W98. The CP of weed-free corn forage was similar to that of Palmer amaranth forage at W98, but it was lower at the other two locations. In contrast, CP did not differ between corn–Palmer amaranth harvested together and weed-free corn. The IVDMD of weed-free corn forage was greater than that of corn–Palmer amaranth mixture at W98, but no differences were observed at the other two locations. The relative feeding values of weed-free corn and corn–Palmer amaranth mixture were similar, and greater than that of Palmer amaranth in monoculture. These results indicate that Palmer amaranth interference in corn may not affect forage quality but can cause a decline in yield. This decline in yield is less when harvesting corn and Palmer amaranth together for forage rather than for harvesting corn grain alone.

Keywords

Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. #3 AMAPAcorn, Zea mays L.Forage qualityweed densityyield lossADF, acid detergent fiberCP, crude proteinDM, dry matterIVDMD, in vitro dry matter digestibilityNDF, neutral detergent fiberRFV, relative feed value
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 16 , Issue 3 , September 2002 , pp. 532 - 536
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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