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Evaluation of Harvest-Aid Herbicides as Desiccants in Lentil Production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ti Zhang ,
Eric N. Johnson  and
Christian J. Willenborg
Ti Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
Christian J. Willenborg*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
*
∗Corresponding author's E-mail: chris.willenborg@usask.ca
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Abstract

Desiccants are currently used to improve lentil dry-down prior to harvest. Applying desiccants at growth stages prior to maturity may result in reduced crop yield and quality, and leave unacceptable herbicide residues in seeds. There is little information on whether various herbicides applied alone or as a tank-mix with glyphosate have an effect on glyphosate residues in harvested seed. Field trials were conducted at Saskatoon and Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2012 to 2014 to determine whether additional desiccants applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate improve crop desiccation and reduce the potential for unacceptable glyphosate residue in seed. Glufosinate and diquat tank mixed with glyphosate were the most consistent desiccants, providing optimal crop dry-down and a general reduction in glyphosate seed residues without adverse effects on seed yield and weight. Saflufenacil provided good crop desiccation without yield loss, but failed to reduce glyphosate seed residues consistently. Pyraflufen-ethyl and flumioxazin applied alone or tank mixed with glyphosate were found to be inferior options for growers as they exhibited slow and incomplete crop desiccation, and did not decrease glyphosate seed residues. Based on results from this study, growers should apply glufosinate or diquat with preharvest glyphosate to maximize crop and weed desiccation, and minimize glyphosate seed residues.

Los desecantes son actualmente usados para mejorar el secado de plantas de lenteja antes de la cosecha. Sin embargo, el aplicar desecantes en estadios de desarrollo anteriores a la madurez podría resultar en reducciones en el rendimiento y calidad del cultivo, y en residuos de herbicidas a niveles inaceptables en las semillas. Existe poca información acerca de si varios herbicidas aplicados solos o en mezclas en tanque con glyphosate tienen un efecto sobre los residuos de glyphosate en la semilla cosechada. Se realizaron experimentos de campo en Saskatoon y Scott, Saskatchewan, Canada, desde 2012 a 2014, para determinar si desecantes adicionales aplicados solos o en mezclas en tanque con glyphosate mejoran el secado del cultivo y reducen los residuos de glyphosate potencialmente inaceptables en la semilla. Glufosinate y diquat mezclados en tanque con glyphosate fueron los desecantes más consistentes, brindando un secado óptimo del cultivo y una reducción general en los residuos de glyphosate en la semilla sin tener efectos adversos sobre el rendimiento y peso de la semilla. Saflufenacil brindó un secado del cultivo bueno sin tener pérdidas de rendimiento, pero falló consistentemente en reducir los residuos de glyphosate en la semilla. Se encontró que pyraflufen-ethyl y flumioxazin aplicados solos o mezclados en tanque con glyphosate fueron opciones inferiores para los productores, ya que exhibieron un secado del cultivo lento e incompleto, y no disminuyeron los residuos de glyphosate en la semilla. Con base en los resultados de este estudio, los productores deberían aplicar glufosinate o diquat con glyphosate en pre-cosecha para maximizar el secado del cultivo y las malezas, y así minimizar los residuos de glyphosate en la semilla.

Keywords

Diquatflumioxazinglufosinateglyphosatepyraflufen-ethylsaflufenacillentil, Lens culinaris MedikDesiccationherbicide residueMRLseed yieldthousand-seed weight
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 3 , September 2016 , pp. 629 - 638
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Darren Robinson, University of Guelph.

References

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