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Development of a Soil Bioassay for Triclopyr Residues and Comparison with a Laboratory Extraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

R. D. Ranft ,
S. S. Seefeldt ,
M. Zhang  and
D. L. Barnes
R. D. Ranft*
Affiliation:
Department of High Latitude Agriculture, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 321 O'Neill Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775
S. S. Seefeldt
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Subarctic Agricultural Research Unit, 355 O'Neill Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200
M. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of High Latitude Agriculture, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 321 O'Neill Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775
D. L. Barnes
Affiliation:
Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 263 Duckering Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5900
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rdranft@alaska.edu.
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Abstract

The use of triclopyr for the removal of woody and broad-leaf vegetation in right-of-ways and agricultural settings has been proposed for Alaska. Triclopyr concentrations in soil after application are of concern because residual herbicide may affect growth of subsequent vegetation. In order to measure triclopyr residues in soil and determine the amount of herbicide taken up by the plant, soil bioassays were developed. Four agricultural species, turnip, lettuce, mustard, and radish, were tested to determine sensitivity to triclopyr in a 1-wk bioassay. The sensitivity (I50) of turnip, lettuce, mustard, and radish was 0.33 ± 0.05 kg ai ha−1, 0.78 ± 0.11 kg ai ha−1, 0.78 ± 0.07 kg ai ha−1, and 0.85 ± 0.10 kg ai ha−1 (mean ± SE), respectively. Mustard was the most consistent crop in the bioassay with a midrange response to triclopyr and lowest standard deviation for germination as compared to the other species. Thus, it was used in a bioassay to determine triclopyr concentrations in a field trial. The bioassay of mustard closely matched residual amounts of triclopyr in a field trial determined by chemical extraction. Estimates of residual triclopyr concentrations using the bioassay method were sometimes less than the triclopyr concentration determined using a chemical extraction. These differences in concentrations were most evident after spring thaw when the chemical extraction determined there was enough triclopyr in the soil to reduce mustard growth over 60%, yet the bioassay measured only a 10% reduction. The chemical extraction method may have identified nonphototoxic metabolites of triclopyr to be the herbicidal triclopyr acid. These methods, when analyzed together with a dose–response curve, offer a more complete picture of triclopyr residues and the potential for carryover injury to other plant species.

El uso de triclopyr para la eliminación de la vegetación arbórea y maleza de hoja ancha de la manera correcta y en sitios agrícolas ha sido propuesto para Alaska. Las concentraciones de Triclopyr en el suelo después de la aplicación son motivo de preocupación debido a que sus residuos podrían afectar el crecimiento de la vegetación sub-secuente. Para poder medir los residuos de triclopyr en el suelo y determinar la cantidad de herbicida absorbido por la planta, se desarrollaron bioensayos de suelo. Cuatro especies agrícolas: nabo, lechuga, mostaza y rábano fueron probados para determinar la sensibilidad al triclopyr a una semana del bioensayo. La sensibilidad del nabo, lechuga, mostaza y rábano fueron I50's 0.33 Kg ± 0.05, 0.78 ± 0.11, 0.78 ± 0.07, 0.85 ± 0.10 SE kg ia/ha respectivamente. La mostaza fue el cultivo más consistente en el bioensayo con una respuesta a media dosis de ctriclopyr y la más baja desviación estándar para la germinación cuando fue comparada a otras especies. Por lo tanto se usó en un bioensayo para determinar la concentración de triclopyr en un estudio de campo. El bioensayo de la mostaza cercanamente coincidió con las cantidades residuales de triclopyr por análisis químico, en un estudio de campo determinado por extracción química. Las estimaciones de las concentraciones residuales de triclopyr usando el método de bioensayo, fueron algunas veces menores que la concentración de triclopyr determinada cuando se usa una extracción química. Estas diferencias en concentraciones fueron más evidentes después del deshielo de la primavera cuando la extracción química determinó que había suficiente triclopyr en el suelo para reducir el crecimiento de la mostaza en más del 60%, aunque el bioensayo registró solamente una reducción del 10%. El método de extracción química pudo haber identificado metabolismos no fototóxicos de triclopyr por ser un herbicida de triclopyr ácido. Estos métodos, cuando se analizaron junto con una curva de la respuesta a diferentes dosis proporcionaron una idea más completa de los residuos de triclopyr y del potencial de daño posterior a otras especies de plantas.

Keywords

Triclopyrlettuce, Lactuca sativa L.mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czernradish, Raphanus sativus L.turnip, Brassica campestris L.bioassaytriclopyrdose response
Type
Weed Management—Techniques
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2010 , pp. 538 - 543
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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