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Confirmation of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Montana Cereal Production and Response to POST Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2017

Vipan Kumar ,
Prashant Jha  and
Amit J. Jhala
Vipan Kumar
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate and Associate Professor, Montana State University–Bozeman, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT 59037
Prashant Jha*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate and Associate Professor, Montana State University–Bozeman, Southern Agricultural Research Center, Huntley, MT 59037
Amit J. Jhala
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915
*
*Corresponding author’s Email: pjha@montana.edu
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Abstract

In recent years, horseweed has become an increasing problem in Montana. To confirm and characterize the level of glyphosate resistance, seeds were collected from putative glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed (GR-MT) plants in a wheat–fallow field in McCone County, MT. Known GR (GR-NE) and glyphosate-susceptible (GS-NE) horseweed accessions from Lincoln, NE, were included for comparison in dose–response and shikimate accumulation studies. Whole-plant glyphosate dose–response experiments conducted at the early- (5- to 8-cm diameter) and late- (12- to 15-cm diameter) rosette stages of horseweed indicated that GR-MT accessions had a 2.5- to 4.0-fold level of resistance to glyphosate relative to the GS-NE accession, on the basis of shoot dry weight (GR50 values). The level of resistance was 3.1- to 7.9-fold on the basis of visually assessed injury estimates (I50 values). At the whole-plant level, about 2.1- to 4.5-fold higher shikimate accumulation was observed in the GS-NE accession compared with the GR-MT and GR-NE accessions over a 10-d period after glyphosate was applied at 1,260 g ae ha−1. In a separate greenhouse study, all three horseweed accessions were also screened with alternate POST herbicides registered for use in wheat–fallow rotations. The majority of the tested herbicides provided ≥90% injury at the field-use rates for all three horseweed accessions 3 wk after treatment. This is the first published report on the occurrence of GR horseweed in Montana cereal production. Increased awareness and adoption of best management practices, including the use of diversified (based on multiple sites of action) herbicide programs highlighted in this study, would aid in mitigating the further spread of GR horseweed in the cereal production fields of the U.S. Great Plains.

Keywords

Glyphosatehorseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Glyphosate resistanceglyphosate resistance managementmultiple sites of actionPOST herbicideswheat–fallow
Type
Weed Management-Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 31 , Issue 6 , December 2017 , pp. 799 - 810
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Michael Walsh, University of Sydney

References

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