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Allyl Isothiocyanate and Metham Sodium as Methyl Bromide Alternatives for Weed Control in Plasticulture Tomato

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Pratap Devkota  and
Jason K. Norsworthy
Pratap Devkota*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pdevkota@purdue.edu.
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Abstract

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) were evaluated as an alternative to methyl bromide (MeBr) for control of Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge; reduction of tuber density; and increase in marketable tomato yield in low density polyethylene (LDPE)-mulched tomato production. Allyl ITC was applied at 450, 600, and 750 kg ai ha−1; metham sodium (methyl ITC generator) was applied at 180, 270, and 360 kg ai ha−1; and MeBr plus chloropicrin (mixture of MeBr and chloropicrin at 67 : 33%, respectively) was applied at 390 kg ai ha−1. A nontreated weedy check was included for comparison. There was no injury to tomato plants following allyl ITC, metham sodium, or MeBr application. Allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1 or metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1 controlled Palmer amaranth ≥ 79%, large crabgrass ≥ 76%, and yellow nutsedge ≥ 80% and was comparable to the weed control with MeBr. Highest rates of allyl ITC and metham sodium reduced yellow nutsedge tuber density (≤ 76 tubers m−2) comparable to the MeBr application. Total marketable tomato yield was ≥ 31.6 t ha−1 in plots treated with allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1 or metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1. Marketable tomato yield from the highest rate of allyl ITC or metham sodium were similar to the yield (38.2 t ha−1) with MeBr treatment. Therefore, allyl ITC at 750 kg ha−1 and metham sodium at 360 kg ha−1 are effective alternatives to MeBr for Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and yellow nutsedge control in LDPE-mulched tomato.

Se evaluaron isothiocyanates (ITCs) como alternativa a methyl bromide (MeBr) para el control de Amaranthus palmeri, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus esculentus, para la reducción de la densidad de tubérculos, y para el incremento en el rendimiento comercializable del tomate en producción de este cultivo en coberturas de polyethylene de baja densidad (LPDE). Se aplicó allyl ITC a 450, 600, y 750 kg ai ha−1; metham sodium (generador de methyl ITC) se aplicó a 180, 270, y 360 kg ai ha−1, y MeBr más chloropicrin (mezcla de MeBr y chloropicrin a 67:33%, respectivamente) se aplicó a 390 kg ai ha−1. Un testigo no-tratado con malezas se incluyó para fines de comparación. No hubo daño en las plantas de tomate después de las aplicaciones de allyl ITC, metham sodium, o MeBr. Allyl ITC a 750 kg ha−1 o metham sodium a 360 kg ha−1 controlaron A. palmeri ≥79%, D. sanguinalis 76%, y C. esculentus ≥80%, y este control fue comparable al control observado con MeBr. Las dosis más altas de allyl ITC y metham sodium redujeron la densidad de los tubérculos de C. esculentus (≤76 tubérculos m−2), lo que fue comparable a la aplicación de MeBr. El rendimiento comercializable total del tomate fue ≥31.6 ton ha−1 en las parcelas tratadas con allyl ITC a 750 kg ha−1 o con metham sodium a 360 kg ha−1. El rendimiento comercializable del tomate con la dosis más alta de allyl ITC o metham sodium fue similar al rendimiento del tratamiento con MeBr (38.2 ton ha−1). De esta manera, allyl ITC a 750 kg ha−1 y metham sodium a 360 kg ha−1 son alternativas efectivas al MeBr para el control de A. palmeri, D. sanguinalis, y C. esculentus en tomate con cobertura LDPE.

Keywords

Allyl isothiocyanatemetham sodiummethyl bromidelarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. CYPEStomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Amelia’Isothiocyanateslow-density polyethylene mulchmethyl bromide alternativesplasticulture tomatoweed control
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , June 2014 , pp. 377 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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