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The Politics of English Bible Translation in Georgian Britain1 (The Alexander Prize)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Extract

The eighteenth century is a lost era in the history of English bible translation. The long tenure of the King James, or Authorised Version (AV), has caused historians to overlook the existence of the scores of translations which were attempted between 1611 and 1881–5, when the Revised Version was published. Darlow and Moule's Historical Catalogue of English Bibles lists the publication of at least forty-four new English translations of bibles, testaments, individual books, or groups of books between 1700 and 1800. There were many more translations of biblical texts than these, however, as the recent and more comprehensive catalogue by W. Chamberlin has conclusively demonstrated. Many have been lost to historical sight, or were never published, which could have easily been the fate of the celebrated translation by Anthony Purver, were it not for the patronage of the wealthy physician and fellow Quaker, Dr John Fothergill.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1999

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References

2 Historical Catalogue of English Bibles…, ed. Darlow, H. and Moule, F. (Cambridge, 1966)Google Scholar.

3 Chamberlin, W., Catalogue of English Bible Translations: a Classified Bibliography (New York, 1991)Google Scholar, passim. Christopher Hill's opinion that the Bible was ignored in the eighteenth century must be modified in the light of such a large amount of material. The English Bible and the Seventeenth-Century Revolution (London, 1993), 7Google Scholar.

4 Sjolander, P., Some Aspects of Style in Twentieth Century English Bible Translation. One Man Versions of Mark and the Psalms (U.M.E.A., Stockholm, 1979)Google Scholar points out the existence of many manuscript and privately printed translations beyond those included in her study of translation this century. There is good reason to believe the same was true of the eighteenth century.

5 For the British and Foreign Bible Society's publishing and distribution operations, see Howsam, L., Cheap Bibles: Nineteenth-Century Publishing and the British and Foreign Bible Society (Cambridge, 1991)Google Scholar. William Newcome, Archbishop of Armagh, saw that ‘a translation by authority ought to supersede all others from its intrinsic excellence; and would of course supersede them by the frequency, correctness, and cheapness of its editions, as King James's Bible did that of Geneva, notwithstanding the preference given to it by the Calvinists’. Newcome, An Historical View of the English Biblical Translations: the Expediency of Revising our Present Translation: and the Means of Executing such a Revision (Dublin, 1792), 202–3Google Scholar.

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40 The model of formal and dynamic equivalent in translating was proposed by the twentieth-century missionary translator Eugene Nida. Nida, , Science, 159Google Scholar.

41 The shift in emphasis away from the traditional christology of redemption through sacrifice in favour of redemption through moral instruction is noticeable in Harwood's translation of this passage.

42 DNB.

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46 Edmund Paley noted that while writing Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy his father ‘fell in with times when uncourtly language became the fashion in polities’. Paley, E., An Account of the Life of William Paley, D.D. (London, 1825), 344–5Google Scholar. Also Barker, E., Traditions of Civility. Eight Essays (Cambridge, 1948), 232Google Scholar.

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60 Autobiography of Thomas Seeker, Archbishop of Canterbury, ed. Macauley, J. S. and Greaves, R. W., University of Kansas Library Series, no. 49, (Lawrence, Kansas, 1988), 169Google Scholar. Durell was also responsible, as vice-chancellor in 1768, for passing sentence against the six evangelical ‘martyrs’ of St Edmund's Hall.

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