Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-dvmhs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-22T08:53:05.491Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The transfer of CBT education from classroom to work setting: getting it right or wasting the opportunities?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2008

Alec Grant*
Affiliation:
School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
Michael Townend
Affiliation:
University of Derby, Derby, UK
Graham Sloan
Affiliation:
Consulting and Clinical Psychology Services (CCPS), Ayr, Scotland, UK
*
*Author for correspondence: Dr A. Grant, Principal Lecturer, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Brighton, Robert Dodd Building, 49 Darley Road, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN23 5NE, UK. (email: A.Grant@bton.ac.uk)

Abstract

Recent policy, service and financial drivers that are aimed at improving access to psychological services with a particular focus on cognitive behavioural approaches have resulted in a number local and national service planning initiatives. The extent to which these developments ought to be informed by theory and research regarding the transfer of classroom-based learning to the work setting is made clear. The existing evidence base has implications for how education providers develop collaborative curricula with NHS employers in order to prepare students for the practice setting, and for how service providers support the students' knowledge, skills development, skills transfer and consolidation of these within the practice setting. The dangers of assuming that the dissemination of the clinical evidence base is straightforward within complex organizations and the structure of the NHS are also critically discussed.

Type
Education and supervision
Copyright
Copyright © British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Armstrong, PV, Freeston, MH (2006). Conceptualisation and formulating cognitive therapy supervision. In: Case Formulation in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, The Treatment of Challenging and Complex Cases (ed. Tarrier, N.). London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Aspy, DN, Aspy, CB, Quimby, PM (1993). What doctors can teach teachers about problem-based learning. Educational Leadership 50, 2224.Google Scholar
Baden, MS (2004). Foundations of Problem Based Learning. Buckingham:Open University Press.Google Scholar
Bennett-Levy, J (2006). Therapist skills: a cognitive model of their acquisition and refinement. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, 5778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bower, P, Gilbody, S (2005). Stepped care in psychological therapies: access, effectiveness and efficiency: narrative literature review. British Journal of Psychiatry 186, 1117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bridges, EM, Hallinger, P (1991). Problem-based learning in medical and managerial education. Paper presented for the Cognition and School Leadership Conference of the National Center for Educational Leadership and the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Cancer Services Collaborative Improvement Partnership (2005). NHS Pathology Services (http://www.pathologyimprovement.nhs.uk/View.aspx?page=/default.html). Accessed 1 January 2008.Google Scholar
Care Services Improvement Partnership (CSIP) (2008). LIN for leadership and teamwork development (http://www.integratedcarenetwork.gov.uk/leadership/). Accessed 1 January 2008.Google Scholar
Blackburn, I-M, James, IA, Milne, DL, Baker, C, Standart, S, Garland, A, Reichelt, FK (2001). The revised cognitive therapy scale (CTS-R): psychometric properties. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, 431446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooker, C, Butterworth, C (1991). Training CPNs to deliver psychosocial interventions: the implications for a change of role. International Journal of Nursing Studies 28, 189200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooker, C, Saul, C, Robinson, J, King, J, Dudley, M (2003). Is training in psychosocial interventions worthwhile? Report of a psychosocial intervention trainee follow-up study. International Journal of Nursing Studies 40, 731747.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (1996). NHS Psychotherapy Services in England: Review of Strategic Policy. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2001). Mental Health Policy Implementation Guide. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2004). The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) and the Development Review Process (http://www.dh.gov.uk). Accessed 30 December 2007.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2005). Chief Nursing Officer's Review of Mental Health Nursing. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2007 a). Improving access to psychological therapies: specification for the commissioner-led Pathfinder programme (http://www.dh.gov.uk). Date accessed 30 December 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Department of Health (2007 b). Improving access to psychological therapies (IAPT) programme. Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) implementation guidance (http://www.dh.gov.uk). Accessed 30 December 2007.Google Scholar
Department of Health (2007 c). The competences required to deliver effective cognitive and behavioural therapy for people with depression and with anxiety disorders (http://www.dh.gov.uk). Accessed 30 December 2007.Google Scholar
Dreyfus, HL (1989). The Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. In: Competency Based Education and Training (ed. Burke, J.). London: Falmer Press.Google Scholar
Duncan-Grant, A (2001). Clinical Supervision Activity among Mental Health Nurses: A Critical Organisational Ethnography. Portsmouth: Nursing Praxis International.Google Scholar
Fadden, G (1997). Implementation of family interventions in routine clinical practice following staff training programmes: a major cause for concern. Journal of Mental Health 6, 599612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Georgiades, NJ, Phillimore, L (1975). The myth of the hero-innovator and alternative strategies for organisational change. In: Behaviour Modification with the Severely Retarded (ed. Kiernan, C. C. and Woodford, F. P.). New York: Associated Scientific Publishers.Google Scholar
Goffman, E (1969). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Reading: Pelican Books.Google Scholar
Grant, A, Mills, J, Mulhern, R, Short, N (2004). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Mental Health Care. London: Sage Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Grant, A, Mills, J, Bridgeman, A, Mulhern, R, Short, N (2006). Mental health services: a suitable case for treatment? Mental Health Practice 10, 3033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, A, Townend, M (2007). Clinical supervision: rescuing the organisational dynamic. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 14, 609614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, A, Townend, M, Mills, J, Cockx, A (2008). Assessment and Case Formulation in CBT. London: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Hughes, G (2007). Using blended learning to increase learner support and improve retention. Teaching in Higher Education 12, 349363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kavanagh, D, Clark, D, Piatkowska, O, Manicasvasagar, V, Rosen, A, Tennant, C (1993). Application of cognitive-behavioural family interventions for schizophrenia in multi-disciplinary teams: what can the matter be? Australian Psychologist 28, 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolb, D (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Lee, DA (2005). The perfect nurturer: a model to develop a compassionate mind within the context of cognitive therapy. In: Compassion. Conceptualisations, Research and use in Psychotherapy (ed.Gilbert, P.). London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Lewin, K (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues 2, 3446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayo, P, Donnelly, MB, Nash, PP, Schwartz, RW (1993). Student perceptions of tutor effectiveness in problem based surgery clerkship. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 5, 227233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, J (2003). Psychosocial Interventions and Other Tales: Competing Accounts of Mental Health Practice. A Discourse Analysis. Portsmouth: Nursing Praxis International.Google Scholar
Milne, D, Claydon, T, Blackburn, I-M, James, IA, Sheikh, A (2001). Rationale for a new measure of competence in therapy. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, 2133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milne, D, James, I (2000). A systematic review of effective cognitive behavioural supervision. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 39, 111127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Milne, DL, Roberts, H (2002). An educational and organizational needs assessment for staff training. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, 153164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, G (1997). Images of Organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.Google Scholar
National Institute of Mental Health in England (NIMHE) (2007). A practical approach to workforce development: Improving Access to Psychological Therapies Programme (IAPT). Department of Health (http://www.mhchoice.csip.org.uk/silo/files/a-practical-approach-to-workforce-development.pdf). Accessed 30 December 2007.Google Scholar
Parry, G (2007). An independent evaluation of the IAPT experiment. Paper presented at the BABCP Annual Conference and Workshops. University of Sussex, 12–14 September 2007.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J (1981). Power in Organizations. Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing Inc.Google Scholar
Poole, J, Grant, A (2005). Stepping out of the box: broadening the dialogue around the organizational integration of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 12, 456463.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Power, M, Dalgleish, T (1997). Cognition and Emotion: From Order to Disorder. Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Price, V (1999). Psycho-social interventions: the organisational context. Mental Health Nursing 19, 2327.Google Scholar
Reich, R (1990). Redefining good education: preparing students for tomorrow. In: Education Reform: Making Sense of it All (ed. Bacharach, B. S). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.Google Scholar
Richards, D (2007 a). CBT: three letters that spell hope for the forgotten majority. Independent on Sunday, 14 October 2007, p. 41.Google Scholar
Sloan, G (2006). Clinical Supervision in Mental Health Nursing. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Sutton, E, Townend, M, Wright, J (2007). Reflective learning logs in the training of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy students. Relective Practice 8, 387404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarrier, N, Barrowclough, C, Haddock, G, McGovern, J (1999). The dissemination of innovative cognitive-behavioural psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health 8, 569582.Google Scholar
Teasdale, HD, Barnard, PJ (1993). Affect, Cognition and Change: Remodelling Depressive Thought. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Townend, M, Iannetta, LE, Freeston, M (2002). UK study of the supervision practices of behavioural, cognitive and rational emotive behavioural psychotherapists. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, 485500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Townend, M (2005 a). Teaching supervision by E learning – emerging issues and future directions. Paper presented at the XXXV EABCT Conference, Thessaloniki, Greece.Google Scholar
Townend, M (2005 b). Interprofessional supervision from the perspectives of both mental health nurses and other professionals in the field of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 12, 582588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Townend, M, Wood, W (2007). Online supervisor training. Therapy Today (July), 42–44.Google Scholar
Townend, M in press. Clinical supervision in cognitive behavioural psychotherapy: development of a model for mental health nursing through grounded theory. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.Google Scholar
Vernon, DT, Blake, RL (1993). Does problem-based learning work? A meta-analysis of evaluative research. Academic Medicine 68, 550563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, ET, Wanberg, CR, Brown, KG, Simmering, MJ (2003). E learning: emerging uses, empirical results and future directions. International Journal of Training and Development 7, 245258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.