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Politics, Not Economics Was the Key

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2017

Vladimir Brovkin
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Type
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Slavic Review , Volume 44 , Issue 2 , Summer 1985 , pp. 244 - 250
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. 1985

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References

1. This is a passage from the declaration of the Conference of Factory Representatives adopted at its first session on March 13,1918, and sent to the Fourth Congress of Soviets, cited from “Sobranie fabrik i zavodov,” Novaia zhizn', no. 52 (Petrograd, March 26, 1918); also reprinted in M. S.Bernshtam, ed., Nezavisimoe rabochee dvizhenie v 1918 godu. Dokumenty i material)’ (Paris: YMCA Press, 1981), pp. 87–90.

2. Ibid.

3. For a detailed discussion of this process, see Vladimir Brovkin, “The Mensheviks’ Political Comeback: The Elections to the Provincial City Soviets in Spring 1918,” The Russian Review, vol. 42,no. 1 (January 1983): 1–50.

4. For a debate among the workers on the restrictions on traveling in and out of the city, see “Rabochaia konferentsiia,” Den’ (Petrograd, March 30, 1918), p. 7.

5. See, for example, the resolution of the Putilov workers, “Rabochaia zhizn',” Novyi den‘(Petrograd, April 30, 1918), p. 4.

6. “Protokoly chrezvychainogo sobraniia upolnomochennykh …” in Bernshtam, Nezavisimoe rabochee dvizhenie, p. 84.

7. Ibid., p. 82.

8. “Rabochaia zhizn'. Nastroenie rabochikh. Putilovskii zavod,” Delo naroda, no. 4 (March 26,1918), p. 4; and “Delovaia chast'. O perevyborakh soveta,” Vecherniaia zvezda, no. 51 (Petrograd,April 6, 1918), p. 3.

9. Compare, for example, the nakaz of the Conference of Factory Representatives to the Moscow workers in “Sredi rabochikh. Na perevale,” Delo, no. 10 (June 12, 1918), pp. 15–16 with the resolution of the Menshevik Central Committee: “Sovety i taktika Sotsial Demokratii,” Novaia zaria, no. 5–6 (June 10, 1918), pp. 82–83.

10. “Perevybory v Petrogradskii sovet,” Novyi vechernii chas, no. 93 (Petrograd, June 19,1918),p. 2.

11. “O golodnom dvizhenii. Postanovlenie Moskovskogo biuro tsentral'noi oblasti RSDRP, 28 maia 1918 goda,” Novaia zaria, no. 5–6 (June 10, 1918), pp. 42–44.

12. On the opposition of the mine division and its demand that the Bolshevik government resign,see Bernshtam, Nezavisimoe rabochee dvizhenie, doc. no. 44, pp. 176–79.

13. “Rabochii Petrograd (Pis'mo iz Petrograda),” Novoe delo naroda, no. 3 (Moscow, June 20,1918), p. 1.

14. Cited from “La vie politique et sociale,” Les Echos de Russie, no. 18–19 (Stockholm,August 1, 1918), p. 22.

15. “Na Putilovskom zavode,” Petrogradskoe ekho, no. 71 (May 29, 1918).

16. “K arestu delegatsii Petrogradskikh rabochikh v Moskve,” Novaia zhizn', no. 114 (Petrograd,June 12, 1918), p. 3.

17. “Bol'shevistskaia vlast’ i rabochie,” Nash golos, no. 9 (Moscow, June 18, 1918).

18. “Po Rossii: V Sormovo,” Novyi vechernii chas, no. 91 (Petrograd, June 17, 1918), p. 4.

19. For a discussion of the circumstances preceding the expulsion, see Brovkin, Vladimir, The Menshevik Opposition to the Bolshevik Regime and the Dilemma of Soviet Power, October 1917-January 1919 (Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1984), pp. 377–402 Google Scholar.

20. “17 iiunia v Tule ob “iavlena vseobshchaia zabastovka,” Delo naroda, no. 47 (June 19,1918),p. 4, and “Po Rossii. V Sormovo,” Novyi vechernii chas, no. 91 (June 17, 1918), p. 4.

21. “Posledstviia Nizhegorodskoi zabastovki,” and “Zabastovka v Tule,” Vozrozhdenie (Moscow,June 20,1918), p. 3; and “Die Bolschewiki und die Arbeiterbewegung,” Stimmen aus Russland, no. 4–5 (Stockholm, August 15, 1918), p. 15.

22. See, for example, an election leaflet of the opposition in Petrograd in “Perevybory v Petrogradskii sovet,” Molva, no. 11 (Petrograd, June 18, 1918), p. 1.

23. For the new representation norms, see “Polozhenie o vyborakh v Petrogradskii sovet, “Severnaia kommuna, no. 14 (Petrograd, June 18, 1918), p. 1.

24. Vassili Soukhomline, “Le Bluff bolchéviste des élections de Petrograd,” and “Les Bolché-viks sur leur déclin,” Les Echos de Russie, no. 18–19 (Stockholm, August 1, 1918), pp. 13 and 23.

25. On June 25, 1918 the Bolshevik authorities shut down the Obukhov plant and locked out the workers in response to their strike.

26. Cited from Aronson, Grigorii, Rossiia v epokhu revoliutsii (New York, 1966), p. 193.Google Scholar

27. Soviet source: “K arestu ‘rabochei’ konferentsii,” lzvestiia, no. 156 (Moscow, July 25,1918),p. 3; opposition source: “The Arrest of the Labor Conference,” in The Case of Russian Labor Against Bolshevism (New York: Russian Information Service, 1919), p. 7.

28. “Men'shevistskaia'konferentsiia,” Novyi vechernii chas, no. 102 (Petrograd, July 1, 1918),p. 2.

29. See the proceedings of the Baltic Sea sailors’ conferences in Moscow in April and in Petrograd in May 1918: “Sobranie matrosov,” Delo naroda, no. 41 (May 14, 1918), p. 3, and B. Rossov, “Sredi nedovol'nykh moriakov,” Utro Petrograda, no. 4 (Petrograd, April 22, 1918), p. 2; and “Rezoliutsiia moriakov,” Novyi den', no. 21 (Petrograd, April 18, 1918), p. 4.