Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-05-14T13:32:00.724Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Copper Mining at Mount Gabriel, Co. Cork: Bronze Age Bonanza or Post-Famine Fiasco?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

C. Stephen Briggs*
Affiliation:
National Monuments Record, Royal Commission on Ancient and Historical Monuments (Wales) Edleston House, Queens Road, Aberystwyth, SY23 2HP, Wales

Abstract

The background to discoveries of early mining sites in southwest Ireland is examined. Particular attention is devoted to the workings at Mount Gabriel, currently believed to date from the Bronze Age. Working principally from historical sources it is concluded that the site was exploited in shallow workings and trial pits between c. 1852 and 1862. Theories concerning the output of these and other Irish mines are discussed. Palaeoenvironmental and archaeological survey as well as documentary research are recommended to help solve the many outstanding problems.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Prehistoric Society 1983

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Briggs, C. S., 1976. ‘Notes on the distribution of some raw materials in later prehistoric Britain’, 267–82 in Burgess, C. and Miket, R. (eds), Settlement and Economy in the Third and Second Millenium B.C. British Archaeological Reports 33.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S., 1983. ‘Copper mining at Mount Gabriel, Co. Cork: Bronze Age bonanza or post-famine fiasco’, 4575 in Briard, J. (ed), Enclos Funéraires et Structures d'habitat en Europe du Nord-ouest. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Anthropologie, Rennes.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S., forthcoming. ‘The Discovery and Description of Trench Mines at Derricarhoon Co Cork, in 1846’.Google Scholar
Briggs, C. S. and Ward, G. A., 1979. ‘Bronze vessels of Kerry provenance in the Saffron Walden Museum’, J. Kerry Archaeol. and Hist. Soc. 12, 1979, 58.Google Scholar
Cole, G. J., 1922. Memoir and map of localities of minerals of economic importance and metalliferous mines in Ireland. Dublin, Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Collins, A. L., 18921893. ‘Fire-setting: the art of mining by fire’, Trans. Inst. Mining Eng. 5, 8292.Google Scholar
Cowman, D., 1980. ‘Life and work in an Irish Mining Camp c. 1840; Knockmahon Copper Mines in County Waterford’, DECIES 14, 2942, Old Waterford Society.Google Scholar
Cowman, D. 1982. ‘Bronze Age Copper Mines at Dane's Island’, DECIES 1981–82, 2227.Google Scholar
Davies, O., 19331934. ‘Roman and medieval mining techniques’, Trans Inst. Min. and Metall., 354.Google Scholar
Deady, J. and Doran, E., 1972. ‘Prehistoric copper mines, Mount Gabriel, Co. Cork’, J. Cork Archaeol. and Hist. Soc., 77, 2527.Google Scholar
Duffy, T.J., 1932. Copper Deposits in southwest Ireland. Unpub. typescript in Geological Survey of Ireland.Google Scholar
du Noyer, G., 1865. Geological Memoir for Co. Waterford. H.M.S.O. Google Scholar
Flanagan, L. N. W., 1979. ‘Industrial resources, production and distribution in earlier bronze age Ireland’, 145–63 in Ryan, M. (ed) 1979.Google Scholar
Greenwood, W. H. 1872. A Manual of Metallurgy.Google Scholar
Griffith, R., 1862. ‘Catalogue of the several localities in Ireland where mines or metalliferous indications have been discovered, arranged in counties, according to their respective post towns’, J. Geol. Soc. Dub. 9, 140–55.Google Scholar
Hallissy, T., 1923. Barytes in Ireland. Mem. Geol. Surv., Dublin.Google Scholar
Harbison, P., 1966. ‘Mining and metallurgy in early bronze age Ireland’, North Munster Archaeol. J. 10, 311.Google Scholar
Herity, M. and Eogan, G., 1977. Ireland in Prehistory. London.Google Scholar
Hunt, R., 1848. Table showing sales of copper ore sold at Swansea, Mem. Geol. Surv. 2, ii, 713.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. S., 1968. ‘Bronze Age copper mines on Mount Gabriel, west county Cork, Ireland’, Archaeol. Austriaca 43, 92103.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. S., 1971. ‘Mining in Ireland’, Technology Ireland 3 (7), 3033.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. S., 1978. ‘Metallic ores in Irish prehistory’, Origins of Metallurgy in Atlantic Europe, 1719. Dublin.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. S., 1979. ‘Metallic ores in Irish prehistory; copper and tin’, 107–25 in Ryan, M. (ed) 1979.Google Scholar
Jackson, J. S., 1980. ‘Bronze Age copper mining in counties Cork and Kerry, Ireland’, 929 in Craddock, P. T. (ed), Scientific Studies in Early Mining and Extractive Metallurgy. British Museum.Google Scholar
Kane, R., 1844. The Industrial Resources of Ireland, 2nd ed., Dublin.Google Scholar
Kinahan, G. H., 1861. (contributions) Geological Memoir, Co. Cork sheets 200, 203–5, 199. H.M.S.O. Google Scholar
M. G. S. Memoir of Geological Survey.Google Scholar
Mahr, A., 1937. ‘New aspects and problems in Irish prehistory’, Proc. Prehist. Soc. 3, 261437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morley, C. T., 1971. ‘Mines and where you find them’, Technology Ireland 3:7, 14.Google Scholar
Morris, C. A., 1981. ‘Early Medieval Separate-Bladed Shovels from Ireland’, J. Roy. Soc. Antiquaries Ireland 111, 5069.Google Scholar
Pittioni, R., 1951. ‘Prehistoric copper-mining in Austria; problems and facts’, Ann. Rep. Land. Univ. Inst. Archaeol. 7, 1643.Google Scholar
Raftery, J., 1950. Prehistoric Ireland. Batsford, London.Google Scholar
Ryan, M. (ed), 1979. The beginnings of Metallurgy in Atlantic Europe, Dublin, Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Triphook, T. D., 1854. ‘On the geology of the neighbourhood of Schull, co. Cork’, J. Geol. Soc. Dublin, 6, 4447.Google Scholar
Tylecote, R. F., 1962. Metallurgy in Archaeology. London.Google Scholar
Warrington, G., 1981. ‘The copper mines of Alderley Edge and Mottram St Andrew, Cheshire’, J. Chester Archaeol. Soc. 64, 4773.Google Scholar
Wilde, W. R., 1857. Catalogue of the Antiquities of the Royal Irish Academy, part 1.Google Scholar
Wood, S., 1856. Letter to the Editor, Illus. London News 826, 405.Google Scholar
Woodham-Smith, C., 1962. The Great Hunger.Google Scholar
Wright, W. B., Cole, G. A. J. and Hallissy, T., 1927. The Geology of Killamey and Kenmare. Geol. Surv., Ireland. Dublin, Stationery Office.Google Scholar