‘Conservation grazing’ is normally interpreted to mean livestock grazing for wildlife conservation purposes. Farm livestock grazing is essential for the management of many of the United Kingdom’s most important habitats. For example, permanent grassland, heathland, wood pasture, floodplain and coastal marshes all require some grazing to maintain the structure and composition upon which a wide variety of wild plants and animals depend for their survival. Farming activities have played a significant role in shaping these habitats over time and the continuation of certain livestock husbandry practices is often crucial for their sustained existence. The key livestock species utilised for conservation grazing are cattle, equines (mainly ponies), sheep, goats and occasionally pigs. Wild herbivores (e.g. deer and rabbits) may also play a significant part in conservation grazing outcomes.