Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T10:13:52.477Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Gender Gap in Self-Perceived Understanding of Politics in Canadaand the United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2008

Elisabeth Gidengil
Affiliation:
McGill University
Janine Giles
Affiliation:
University of Calgary
Melanee Thomas
Affiliation:
McGill University

Abstract

Despite the gains women have made since the advent of second-wave feminism, womenremain less confident than men of their ability to understand politics. Thisgender gap has remained unchanged for decades, yet it has attracted surprisinglylittle scholarly attention in recent years. This article uses data from the 2000American and 2004 Canadian election studies to assess whether differences inwomen's and men's socioeconomic resources help to explainthe gender gap. We also examine whether there are differences in the ways thatsocioeconomic resources affect women's and men'sself-perceived ability to understand politics. We focus particular attention onthe effects of parenthood on women's confidence in theirunderstanding of politics. Finally, we consider the role of feminism and genderrole conceptions.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Women and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

APESMA Professional Women's Network . 2001. Maternity Leave around the World—A Table of Comparisons. http://www.apesma.asn.au/women/maternity_leave_around_the_world.asp (March 4, 2008).Google Scholar
Atkeson, Lonna Rae. 2003. “Not All Cues Are Created Equal: The Conditional Impact of Female Candidates on Political Engagement.” Journal of Politics 65 (4): 1040–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Atkeson, Lonna Rae, and Rapoport, Ronald D.. 2003. “The More Things Change the More They Stay the Same: Gender Differences in Political Attitude Expression, 1952–2000.” Public Opinion Quarterly 67 (4): 495521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bandura, Albert. 1977. “Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioural Change.” Psychological Review 84 (2): 191215.Google Scholar
Baumgardner, Jennifer, and Richard, Amy. 2000. Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Beckwith, Karen. 1986. American Women and Political Participation. New York: Greenwood Press.Google Scholar
Bowers, Jake, and Ensley, Michael J.. 2003. Issues in Analyzing Data from the Dual-Mode 2000 American National Election Study. ANES Technical Report Series No. nes010751. http://www.electionstudies.org/resources/papers/technical_reports.htm (May 14, 2008).Google Scholar
Brady, Henry E., Verba, Sidney, and Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1995. “Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation.” American Political Science Review 89 (2): 271–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brambor, Thomas, Clark, William Roberts, and Golder, Matt. 2006. “Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses.” Political Analysis 14 (1): 6382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braumoeller, Bear F. 2004. “Hypothesis Testing and Multiplicative Interaction Terms.” International Organization 58 (Fall 2004): 807–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burns, Nancy, Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and Verba, Sidney. 2001. The Private Roots of Public Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, Angus, Converse, Phillip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E.. 1960. The American Voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Carroll, Susan J. 1988. “Women's Autonomy and the Gender Gap: 1980 and 1982.” In The Politics of the Gender Gap: The Social Construction of Political Influence, ed. Mueller, Carol M. . Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 236257.Google Scholar
Christy, Carol A. 1985. “American and German Trends in Sex Differences in Political Participation.” Comparative Political Studies 18 (1): 81103.Google Scholar
Craig, Stephen C., Niemi, Richard G., and Silver, Glenn E.. 1990. “Political Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the NES Pilot Study Items.” Political Behavior 12 (3): 289314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper.Google Scholar
Erickson, Bonnie H. 2004. “The Distribution of Gendered Social Capital in Canada.” In Creation and Returns of Social Capital: A New Research Program, ed. Flap, Henk . New York: Routledge, 2751.Google Scholar
Faludi, Susan. 1991. Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women. New York: Crown.Google Scholar
Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko. 1999. “What Does Feminization of Poverty Mean? It Isn't Just a Lack of Income.” Feminist Economics 5 (2): 99103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gidengil, Elisabeth, Harell, Allison, and Erickson, Bonnie. 2007. “Network Diversity and Vote Choice: Women's Social Ties and Left Voting in Canada.” Politics & Gender 3 (June): 151–77.Google Scholar
Goss, Kristin A., and Skocpol, Theda. 2006. “Changing Agendas: The Impact of Feminism on American Politics.” In Gender and Social Capital, ed. O'Neill, Brenda and Gidengil, Elisabeth. New York: Routledge, 323356.Google Scholar
Hooghe, Marc, and Stolle, Dietlind. 2004. “Good Girls Go to the Polling Booth, Bad Boys Go Everywhere: Gender Differences in Anticipated Political Participation among American Fourteen-Year-Olds.” Women & Politics 26 (3/4): 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kay, Barry J., Lambert, Ronald D., Brown, Steven D., and Curtis, James E.. 1987. “Gender and Political Activity in Canada, 1965–1984.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 20 (4): 851863.Google Scholar
Long, Scott, and Freese, Jeremy. 2006. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. 2d ed. College Station, TX: Stata Press.Google Scholar
Manza, Jeff, and Brooks, Clem. 1998. “The Gender Gap in U.S. Presidential Elections: When? Why? Implications?” American Journal of Sociology 103 (5): 1235–66.Google Scholar
Mayer, Jeremy D., and Schmidt, Heather M.. 2004. “Gendered Political Socialization in Four Contexts: Political Interest and Values among Junior High School Students in China, Japan, Mexico, and the United States.” Social Science Journal 41 (3): 393407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Warren E., Miller, Arthur H., and Schneider, Edward J.. 1980. American National Election Studies Data Sourcebook, 1952–1978. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Niemi, Richard G., Craig, Stephen C., and Mattei, Franco. 1991. “Measuring Internal Political Efficacy in the 1988 National Election Study.” American Political Science Review 85 (4): 1407–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OECD Directorate for Education . 2006. Starting Strong II: Early Child Education and Care. Paris: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
O'Neill, Brenda. 2003. “On the Same Wavelength? Feminist Attitudes Across Generations of Canadian Women.” In Women and Electoral Political in Canada, ed. Tremblay, Manon and Trimble, Linda. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 177191.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Cindy Simon, Rosenthal, James A., and Jones, Jocelyn. 2001. “Preparing for Elite Political Participation: Simulations and the Political Socialization of Adolescents.” Social Science Quarterly 82 (3): 633–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sapiro, Virginia. 1983. The Political Integration of Women: Roles, Socialization, and Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Statistics Canada . 2006. Women in Canada: A Gender Based Statistical Report. 5th ed. Catalogue no. 89-503-XIE. Minister of Industry: Ottawa, ON.Google Scholar
U.S. Census Bureau . 2007. A Half-Century of Learning: Historical Statistics on Educational Attainment in the United States, 1940 to 2000. http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdem/educ-attn.html (March 6, 2008).Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics . 2007. Women in the Labor Force: A Databook (2007 Edition). http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook2007.htm (March 4, 2008).Google Scholar
Verba, Sidney, Burns, Nancy, and Schlozman, Kay Lehman. 1997. “Knowing and Caring about Politics: Gender and Political Engagement” Journal of Politics 59 (4): 1051—72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verba, Sidney, Schlozman, Kay Lehman, and Brady, Henry E.. 1995. Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, Susan. 1977. “Women as Political Animals? A Test of Some Explanations for Male-Female Political Participation Differences.” American Journal of Political Science 21 (4): 711–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolbrecht, Christina, and Campbell, David E.. 2006. “See Jane Run: Women Politicians as Role Models for Adolescents.” Journal of Politics 68 (2): 233–47.Google Scholar
Wolbrecht, Christina, and Campbell, David E.. 2007. “Leading by Example: Female Members of Parliament as Political Role Models.” American Journal of Political Science 51 (4): 921–39.Google Scholar
Woodly, Deva. 2006. “Black Youth Project: Political Efficacy Literature Review.” http://blackyouthproject.uchicago.edu/primers/reviews/1.shtml (April 20, 2007).Google Scholar
Young, Lisa. 2000. Feminists and Party Politics, Vancouver: UBC Press.Google Scholar