Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-qs9v7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-10T00:02:14.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On the Line: Work and Choice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2020

Extract

When i was invited to participate in this special issue, it was suggested that I meditate on a long-term research project I did in collaboration with the public-health scholar María Gudelia Rangel Gómez and the demographer Armando Rosas Solís, on people working in prostitution in Tijuana, a city on the United States–Mexico border. That work began in the 1990s and continued through the middle of the last decade, producing three articles on women and two on transvestite sex workers.1 Looking over the raw survey data and interview transcripts in preparation for this article impressed on me once again how these people are engaged in what Saskia Sassen calls “survival circuits” between the global South and global cities like Los Angeles and Tijuana, some of them located in the North, some not. These sex workers come from all over the Mexican Republic, migrating to Tijuana—a city both Third World and global—for reasons of economic necessity, and often their stories include low-wage labor in the United States as well as participation in the informal economy in the northern border area to supplement (or mask) their primary income. Regardless of other factors, the people we surveyed and interviewed express an understanding that to live means to work and that the work they are doing is precisely work: not organized labor, not a career path. They know that their bodies are made marginal or invisible and their voices go unheard. At the same time, while their lives may seem unimaginably harsh to many of us, in their stories they often present themselves as rational actors, making the best choices they can from among limited options for themselves and their families.

Type
Special Topic: Work Coordinated by Vicky Unruh
Copyright
Copyright © 2012 by The Modern Language Association of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Works Cited

Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso, 2004. Print.Google Scholar
Castillo, Debra. “Asylum and Identity: The Transvestite Case.” Noésis 15.30 (2006): 4168. Print.Google Scholar
Castillo, Debra. “Interdisciplinary Work on the Line.” Feminists at Work: Interdisciplinary Strategies by Luso-Hispanic, Latin American, and Latina Women. Ed. Cruz, Anne J., Pecoraro, Rosalie Hernández, and Tolliver, Joyce. Newark: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 2002. 120. Print.Google Scholar
Castillo, Debra, Gómez, María Gudelia Rangel, and Delgado, Bonnie. “Border Lives: Prostitute Women in Tijuana.” Signs 24.2 (1998): 387422. Print. Trans. as “Vidas fronterizas: Mujeres prostitutas en Tijuana.” Nuevas perspectivas desde/sobre América Latina: El desafio de los estudios culturales. Ed. Mabel Moraña. Santiago: Cuarto Propio, 2000. 233–60.Google Scholar
Castillo, Debra, Gómez, María Gudelia Rangel, and Solís, Armando Rosas. “Tentative Exchanges: Tijuana Prostitutes and Their Clients.” Latin American Cultural Studies Reader. Ed. Trigo, Abril, Rios, Alicia, and Sarto, Ana Del. Durham: Duke UP, 2004. 584605. Print.Google Scholar
Castillo, Debra, Gómez, María Gudelia Rangel, and Solís, Armando Rosas. “Violencia y trabajadores sexuales travestis y transgéneros en Tijuana.” Debate feminista Dec. 2006. Print. Trans. as “Violence and Transvestite/Transgender Sex Workers in Tijuana.” Gender Violence at the U.S.-Mexico Border: Media Representation and Public Response. Ed. Héctor Domínguez-Ruvalcaba and Ignacio Corona. Tucson: U of Arizona P, 2010. 14–34. Print.Google Scholar
García Canclini, Néstor. Culturas híbridas: Estrategias para entrar y salir de la modernidad. Mexico City: Grijalbo, 1989. Print.Google Scholar
García Canclini, Néstor. Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Trans. Chiappari, Christopher and López, Silvia L. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Grossberg, Lawrence. Cultural Studies in the Future Tense. Durham: Duke UP, 2010. Print.Google Scholar
Herlinghaus, Hermann. “Considerations on Violence, the Global South, and Aesthetics of Sobriety.” Meanings of Violence in Contemporary Latin America. Ed. Dueñas, Gabriela Polit and Rueda, María Helena. New York: Palgrave, 2011. 7589. Print.10.1057/9780230120037_5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeffreys, Elena, et al. (Scarlet Alliance). “Listen to Sex Workers.” Interface 3.2 (2011): 271–87. Print.Google Scholar
Katsulis, Yasmina. “‘Living like a King’: Conspicuous Consumption, Virtual Communities, and the Social Construction of Paid Sex Encounters by U.S. Sex Tourists.” Men and Masculinities 13.2 (2010): 210–30. Print.Google Scholar
McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. London: Routledge, 1995. Print.Google Scholar
Monsiváis, Carlos. “De la cultura mexicana en vísperas del TLC.” La educación y la cultura ante el tratado de libre comercio. Ed. Niebla, Gilberto Guevara and Canclini, Néstor García. Mexico City: Nueva Imagen, 1992. 189209. Print.Google Scholar
Mouffe, Chantal. “Which Ethics for Democracy?The Turn to Ethics. Ed. Garber, Marjorie, Hanssen, Beatrice, and Walkowitz, Rebecca L. New York: Routledge, 2000. 8594. Print.Google Scholar
Myths in the Journalistic Approach about Sexual Workers. Buenos Aires: RedTraSex, 2011. PDF file.Google Scholar
Nelson, Cary. “Keep Your Hands Off the ‘Fierce Humanities.‘The Chronicle of Higher Education. Chronicle of Higher Educ., 28 Aug. 2011. Web. 1 Sept. 2011.Google Scholar
O'Connell Davidson, Julia. “The Sex Tourist, the Expatriate, His Ex-Wife, and Her ‘Other’: The Politics of Loss, Difference, and Desire.” Sexualities 4.1 (2001): 524. Print.10.1177/136346001004001001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar. Illicit Flirtations: Labor, Migration, and Sex Trafficking in Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford UP, 2011. Kindle file.10.1515/9780804778169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Restaurant Opportunities Center of New York and the New York City Restaurant Industry Coalition. Behind the Kitchen Door: Pervasive Inequality in New York City's Thriving Restaurant Industry. 25 Jan. 2005. Web. 27 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, Richard. Days of Obligation: An Argument with My Mexican Father. New York: Viking, 1992. Print.Google Scholar
Sassen, Saskia. “Global Cities and Survival Circuits.” Global Women. Ed. Ehrenreich, Barbara and Hochschild, Arlie Russell. New York: Henry Holt, 2002. 254–74. Print.Google Scholar
Soderlund, Gretchen. “Running from the Rescuers: New U.S. Crusades against Sex Trafficking and the Rhetoric of Abolition.” NWSA Journal 17.3 (2005): 6487. Print.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spagat, Elliot. “Mexican Border City of Tijuana Tries to Make Prostitution Safer.” The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake Tribune, 16 Sept. 2005. Web. 26 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Stillman, Sarah. “The Invisible Army.” The New Yorker. Condé Nast, 6 June 2011. Web. 21 Dec. 2011.Google Scholar
Zhang, Sheldon. Sex Trafficking in a Border Community: A Field Study of Sex Trafficking in Tijuana, Mexico. NSVRC. National Sexual Violence Resource Center, May 2010. Web. 21 Dec. 2011.10.1037/e725612011-001CrossRefGoogle Scholar