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Successful intestinal Echinococcus multilocularis oncosphere invasion and subsequent hepatic metacestode establishment in resistant RccHan™:WIST rats after pharmacological immunosuppression

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2016

MARIA TERESA ARMUA-FERNANDEZ ,
DEBORAH JOEKEL ,
ALEXANDER SCHWEIGER ,
RAMON MARC EICHENBERGER ,
JUN MATSUMOTO  and
PETER DEPLAZES
MARIA TERESA ARMUA-FERNANDEZ
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
DEBORAH JOEKEL
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
ALEXANDER SCHWEIGER
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
RAMON MARC EICHENBERGER
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
JUN MATSUMOTO
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland Laboratory of Medical Zoology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
PETER DEPLAZES*
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
*
*Corresponding author: Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Phone: +41 (0) 44 635 85 02. Fax: +41 (0) 44 635 89 07. E-mail: deplazesp@access.uzh.ch
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Summary

Susceptibility/resistance to larval Echinococcus multilocularis infection varies greatly depending on host species and strains. Whereas several mice strains and non-human primates are highly susceptible to alveolar echinococcosis, rats and most of humans are considered as more resistant. In this study, we aimed to elucidate factors responsible for host resistance in rats (Experiments A–D). (A) The parasite establishment was not observed in immunocompetent Wistar rats orally inoculated with sodium hypochlorite resistant eggs with/without pig bile, or activated/non-activated oncospheres (NAO). Peritoneal inoculation with NAO or metacestode tissue allowed the parasite establishment in rats. (B) T-cell-deficient athymic nude rats showed complete resistance against the metacestode establishment after oral inoculation with parasite eggs. This finding suggests that T-cell-independent parasite clearance occurred in the animals during early phase of the parasite invasion. Finally, Wistar rats that received pharmacological immunosuppression using either dexamethasone (DMS) alone or methotrexate (MTX) i.p. alone or a combination of these compounds were orally inoculated with the parasite's eggs. As a result (D), successful establishment of metacestode with protoscoleces was observed in all 3 rats treated with DMS (s.c.) alone or in all 6 rats treated with DMS (s.c.) plus MTX but not in 8 rats with MTX alone, suggesting that factors affected by DMS treatment are responsible to regulate the parasite invasion and establishment.

Keywords

alveolar echinococcosisEchinococcus multilocularisimmunosuppressionmetacestoderatresistance
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 10 , September 2016 , pp. 1252 - 1260
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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