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New insights into the coexistence of Contracaecum rudolphii A and Contracaecum rudolphii B (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from Sardinia: genetic variability and phylogenetic analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 August 2020

Nabil Amor Open the ORCID record for Nabil Amor [Opens in a new window] ,
Sarra Farjallah ,
Maria Cristina Piras ,
Caterina Burreddu ,
Giovanni Garippa  and
Paolo Merella
Nabil Amor*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, KSU Mammals Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology & Aquatic Ecosystems (LR18ES05) Tunis El Manar University, Tunis2092, Tunisia
Sarra Farjallah
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology & Aquatic Ecosystems (LR18ES05) Tunis El Manar University, Tunis2092, Tunisia
Maria Cristina Piras
Affiliation:
Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari07100, Italy
Caterina Burreddu
Affiliation:
Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari07100, Italy
Giovanni Garippa
Affiliation:
Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari07100, Italy
Paolo Merella
Affiliation:
Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, Sassari07100, Italy
*
Author for correspondence: Nabil Amor, E-mail: namor@ksu.edu.sa; nabil.amor@gmail.com
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Abstract

Contracaecum sp. nematodes are important parasites of fish eating birds that can cause animal health problems. In the present study, specimens of Contracaecum rudolphii sensu lato, from the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from Sardinia, were characterized based on morphological and molecular data. The morphological analysis allowed to identify all the fourth stage larvae (n = 1918) as Contracaecum sp., and adults, male (n = 5845) and female (n = 8312), as C. rudolphii sensu lato. Population genetics and phylogenetic relationships were inferred based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Multiple sequence alignment of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer showed the coexistence of C. rudolphii A (n = 157), C. rudolphii B (n = 22) and a rare heterozygote of these species. Moreover, mitochondrial markers, namely NADH dehydrogenase subunits I (nad1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit (cox1 and cox2) and small subunit of rRNA (rrnS), showed that the studied C. rudolphii A populations had undergone bottleneck, or founder effect event, subsequent to a rapid population growth and expansion. The observed heterozygote is with a mitochondrial pattern of C. rudolphii B. Although, both Contracaecum species showed high genetic diversity, no genetic structure between localities was detected. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the paraphyly of the avian Contracaecum species including C. ogmorhini (parasite of otariids).

Keywords

AnisakidaeContracaecum rudolphiiMediterranean SeaPhalacrocorax carbophylogenypopulation genetics
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 13 , November 2020 , pp. 1538 - 1551
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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