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How have fisheries affected parasite communities?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2014

CHELSEA L. WOOD  and
KEVIN D. LAFFERTY Open the ORCID record for KEVIN D. LAFFERTY [Opens in a new window]
CHELSEA L. WOOD*
Affiliation:
Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, 120 Oceanview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, N122, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
KEVIN D. LAFFERTY
Affiliation:
US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, c/o Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, N122, Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 90309, USA. E-mail: Chelsea.Wood@colorado.edu
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Summary

To understand how fisheries affect parasites, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that contrasted parasite assemblages in fished and unfished areas. Parasite diversity was lower in hosts from fished areas. Larger hosts had a greater abundance of parasites, suggesting that fishing might reduce the abundance of parasites by selectively removing the largest, most heavily parasitized individuals. After controlling for size, the effect of fishing on parasite abundance varied according to whether the host was fished and the parasite's life cycle. Parasites of unfished hosts were more likely to increase in abundance in response to fishing than were parasites of fished hosts, possibly due to compensatory increases in the abundance of unfished hosts. While complex life cycle parasites tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, directly transmitted parasites tended to increase. Among complex life cycle parasites, those with fished hosts tended to decline in abundance in response to fishing, while those with unfished hosts tended to increase. However, among directly transmitted parasites, responses did not differ between parasites with and without fished hosts. This work suggests that parasite assemblages are likely to change substantially in composition in increasingly fished ecosystems, and that parasite life history and fishing status of the host are important in predicting the response of individual parasite species or groups to fishing.

Keywords

biodiversitydiseasefishingfreshwatermarinemeta-analysis
Type
Fisheries
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Special Issue 1: Parasites in fisheries and mariculture , January 2015 , pp. 134 - 144
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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