Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T18:10:19.563Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian HIV positive patients using multilocus nested-PCR-RFLP method

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2019

Seyed Abdollah Hosseini ,
Mehdi Sharif ,
Shahabeddin Sarvi ,
Saeid Abediankenari ,
Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh ,
Afsaneh Amouei ,
Mahboobeh Montazeri ,
Sargis A. Aghayan ,
Sara Gholami  and
Davoud Shaker
...Show all authors
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmois Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Mehdi Sharif
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Sari Branch, Islamic AZAD University, Sari, Iran
Shahabeddin Sarvi
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Saeid Abediankenari
Affiliation:
Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR, Iran
Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
Afsaneh Amouei
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmois Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Mahboobeh Montazeri
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmois Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Sargis A. Aghayan
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia
Sara Gholami
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Davoud Shaker
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Azadeh Mizani
Affiliation:
Toxoplasmois Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Shafigheh Shabanzadeh
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
Ahmad Daryani*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
*
Author for correspondence: Ahmad Daryani, E-mail: daryanii@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in Iranian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients using multilocus-nested polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP). A total of 102 serum samples obtained from infected patients were collected from the laboratory centres in northern Iran. Anti-T. gondii antibodies and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection were accomplished by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. The Mn-PCR-RFLP method was used for the genotyping of T. gondii. Overall, 68.6% (70/102) and 11.7% (12/102) of the individuals were tested positive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulin G and T. gondii DNA, respectively. Complete genotyping was performed on 10/12 (83.3%) PCR-positive samples. Accordingly, the samples were classified as genotype #1 (type II clonal; n = 3, 30%), genotype #2 (type III clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #10 (type I clonal; n = 2, 20%), genotype #27 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%), genotype #35 (type I variant; n = 1, 10%) and genotype #48 (type III variant; n = 1, 10%). The results were indicative of the high frequency of the type I and type I variant of T. gondii strains in HIV-positive patients in northern Iran. Given the high prevalence of T. gondii and frequency of pathogenic types (pathogen in laboratory mice) in the patients, special measures should be taken to prevent the possible increased incidence of encephalitis by T. gondii.

Keywords

ELISAgenotypeHIVIranMn-PCR-RFLPToxoplasma gondii
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 322 - 328
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Afrasiabian, S, Hajibagheri, K, Yousefinejad, V, Rezaiee, S and Shahmoradi, F (2008) The frequency of toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections in HIV-positive patients in HIV/AIDS counseling and care center in Kurdistan in 1385. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences 13, 34–41.Google Scholar
Ahmadpour, E, Daryani, A, Sharif, M, Sarvi, S, Aarabi, M, Mizani, A, Rahimi, MT and Shokri, A (2014) Toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 8, 1503–1510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ajzenberg, D, Yera, H, Marty, P, Paris, L, Dalle, F, Menotti, J, Aubert, D, Franck, J, Bessières, M-H and Quinio, D (2009) Genotype of 88 Toxoplasma gondii isolates associated with toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients and correlation with clinical findings. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 199, 1155–1167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behzadi, R, Roohvand, F, Razavi, MR, Hovanessian, A and Assmar, M (2003) Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients and mice by PCR-RFLP assay. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 1, 83.Google Scholar
Bernstein, M, Pardini, L, Moré, G, Unzaga, JM, Su, C and Venturini, MC (2018) Population structure of Toxoplasma gondii in Argentina. Genetics and Evolution 65, 72–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burg, JL, Grover, CM, Pouletty, P and Boothroyd, J (1989) Direct and sensitive detection of a pathogenic protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii, by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, 1787–1792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaichan, P, Mercier, A, Galal, L, Mahittikorn, A, Ariey, F, Morand, S, Boumédiène, F, Udonsom, R, Hamidovic, A and Murat, J-B (2017) Geographical distribution of Toxoplasma gondii genotypes in Asia: a link with neighboring continents. Genetics and Evolution 53, 227–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Colombo, FA, Vidal, JE, de Oliveira, ACP, Hernandez, AV, Bonasser-Filho, F, Nogueira, RS, Focaccia, R and Pereira-Chioccola, VL (2005) Diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients in Brazil: importance of molecular and immunological methods using peripheral blood samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 5044–5047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daryani, A, Sharif, M and Meigouni, M (2011) Seroprevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients, northern Iran. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 4, 271–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davarpanah, M, Mehrabani, D, Neirami, R, Ghahremanpoori, M and Darvishi, M (2007) Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Shiraz, southern Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal 2007, 22–27.Google Scholar
De Milito, A, Nilsson, A, Titanji, K, Thorstensson, R, Reizenstein, E, Narita, M, Grutzmeier, S, Sönnerborg, A and Chiodi, F (2004) Mechanisms of hypergammaglobulinemia and impaired antigen-specific humoral immunity in HIV-1 infection. Blood 103, 2180–2186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dubey, J and Jones, J (2008) Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. International Journal for Parasitology 38, 1257–1278.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldstein, EJ, Montoya, JG and Remington, JS (2008) Management of Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Clinical Infectious Diseases 47, 554–566.Google Scholar
Hoseini, SA, Dehgani, N, Sharif, M, Daryani, A, Gholami, S, Ebrahimi, F, Pagheh, AS and Arefkhah, N (2014) Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 24, 146–150.Google Scholar
Hosseini, SA, Amouei, A, Sharif, M, Sarvi, S, Galal, L, Javidnia, J, Pagheh, A, Gholami, S, Mizani, A and Daryani, A (2019) Human toxoplasmosis: a systematic review for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in clinical samples Epidemiology and Infection 147, 1–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howe, DK and Sibley, LD (1995) Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases 172, 1561–1566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunter, C and Remington, J (1994) Immunopathogenesis of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Journal of Infectious Diseases 170, 1057–1067.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huson, DH and Bryant, D (2005) Application of phylogenetic networks in evolutionary studies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23, 254–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mardani, A, Keshavarz, H and Hosseini Ghavanlooei, S (2004) Seroprevalence study of antitoxoplasmic antibodies (IgG and IgM) in individuals infected with HIV in Qom regional blood transfusion center. Iranian Journal of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine 9, 19–23.Google Scholar
Mohraz, M, Mehrkhani, F, Jam, S, SeyedAlinaghi, S, Sabzvari, D, Fattahi, F, Jabbari, H and Hajiabdolbaghi, M (2011) Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in HIV^ sup+^/AIDS Patients in Iran. Acta Medica Iranica 49, 213.Google Scholar
Norouzi, M, Tabaei, SJS, Niyyati, M, Saber, V and Behniafar, H (2016) Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from patients with ocular toxoplasmosis in Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 11, 316.Google ScholarPubMed
Okoye, AA and Picker, LJ (2013) CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV infection: mechanisms of immunological failure. Immunological Reviews 254, 54–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pappas, G, Roussos, N and Falagas, ME (2009) Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. International Journal for Parasitology 39, 1385–1394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pena, H, Gennari, S, Dubey, J, Su, C (2008) Population structure and mouse-virulence of Toxoplasma gondii in Brazil. International Journal for Parasitology 38, 561–569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rahimi, MT, Mahdavi, SA, Javadian, B, Rezaei, R, Moosazadeh, M, Khademlou, M, Seyedpour, SH and Syadatpanah, A (2015) High seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibody in HIV/AIDS individuals from north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 10, 584.Google ScholarPubMed
Rajendran, C, Su, C and Dubey, JP (2012) Molecular genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from Central and South America revealed high diversity within and between populations. Genetics and Evolution 12, 359–368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Remington, JS, Thulliez, P and Montoya, JG (2004) Recent developments for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 42, 941–945.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rostami, A, Keshavarz, H, Shojaee, S, Mohebali, M and Meamar, AR (2014) Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV positive patients from West of Iran by ELISA and PCR. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 9, 474.Google ScholarPubMed
Saeij, JP, Boyle, JP and Boothroyd, JC (2005) Differences among the three major strains of Toxoplasma gondii and their specific interactions with the infected host. Trends in Parasitology 21, 476–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharif, M, Amouei, A, Sarvi, S, Mizani, A, Aarabi, M, Hosseini, S-A and Daryani, A (2017) Genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from ruminants: a systematic review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 258, 38–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Su, C, Shwab, E, Zhou, P, Zhu, X and Dubey, JP (2010) Moving towards an integrated approach to molecular detection and identification of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitology 137, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sullivan, WJ Jr and Jeffers, V (2012). Mechanisms of Toxoplasma gondii persistence and latency. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 36, 717–733.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, Z-D, Liu, H-H, Ma, Z-X, Ma, H-Y, Li, Z-Y, Yang, Z-B, Zhu, X-Q, Xu, B, Wei, F and Liu, Q (2017) Toxoplasma gondii infection in immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 389.Google ScholarPubMed
Xiao, J and Yolken, RH (2015) Strain hypothesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection on the outcome of human diseases. Acta Physiologica 213, 828–845.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed