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The evolution of resistance and tolerance as cancer defences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2019

Frédéric Thomas Open the ORCID record for Frédéric Thomas [Opens in a new window] ,
Mathieu Giraudeau ,
Flora Gouzerh ,
Justine Boutry ,
François Renaud ,
Pascal Pujol ,
Aurélie Tasiemski ,
Florence Bernex ,
Antonio Maraver  and
Emilie Bousquet
...Show all authors
Frédéric Thomas*
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Mathieu Giraudeau
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Flora Gouzerh
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Justine Boutry
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
François Renaud
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Pascal Pujol
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Service de Génétique Médicale et Chromosomique. Unité d'Oncogénétique, CHRU de Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, 34295Montpellier, France
Aurélie Tasiemski
Affiliation:
SPICI, Université de Lille, France
Florence Bernex
Affiliation:
IRCM/RHEM, ICM, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Antonio Maraver
Affiliation:
IRCM/RHEM, ICM, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Emilie Bousquet
Affiliation:
IRCM/RHEM, ICM, BioCampus Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
Laurent Dormont
Affiliation:
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5175, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
Jens Osterkamp
Affiliation:
Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej, DK -2100Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
Benjamin Roche
Affiliation:
CREEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France IRD, Sorbonne Université, UMMISCO, F-93143, Bondy, France Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
Rodrigo Hamede
Affiliation:
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
Beata Ujvari
Affiliation:
School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Frédéric Thomas, E-mail: frederic.thomas2@ird.fr
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Abstract

Although there is a plethora of cancer associated-factors that can ultimately culminate in death (cachexia, organ impairment, metastases, opportunistic infections, etc.), the focal element of every terminal malignancy is the failure of our natural defences to control unlimited cell proliferation. The reasons why our defences apparently lack efficiency is a complex question, potentially indicating that, under Darwinian terms, solutions other than preventing cancer progression are also important contributors. In analogy with host-parasite systems, we propose to call this latter option ‘tolerance’ to cancer. Here, we argue that the ubiquity of oncogenic processes among metazoans is at least partially attributable to both the limitations of resistance mechanisms and to the evolution of tolerance to cancer. Deciphering the ecological contexts of alternative responses to the cancer burden is not a semantic question, but rather a focal point in understanding the evolutionary ecology of host-tumour relationships, the evolution of our defences, as well as why and when certain cancers are likely to be detrimental for survival.

Keywords

CancerResistanceTolerance
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 147 , Issue 3 , March 2020 , pp. 255 - 262
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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