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Beta diversity, prevalence, and specificity of avian haemosporidian parasites throughout the annual cycle of Chilean Elaenia (Elaenia chilensis), a Neotropical austral migrant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2022

Alan Fecchio Open the ORCID record for Alan Fecchio [Opens in a new window] ,
Raphael I. Dias Open the ORCID record for Raphael I. Dias [Opens in a new window] ,
Gabriel M. De La Torre Open the ORCID record for Gabriel M. De La Torre [Opens in a new window] ,
Jeffrey A. Bell Open the ORCID record for Jeffrey A. Bell [Opens in a new window] ,
M. Cecilia Sagario ,
Cristian A. Gorosito Open the ORCID record for Cristian A. Gorosito [Opens in a new window] ,
Carolina C. dos Anjos Open the ORCID record for Carolina C. dos Anjos [Opens in a new window] ,
Camile Lugarini ,
Vítor Q. Piacentini  and
João B. Pinho
...Show all authors
Alan Fecchio*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
Raphael I. Dias
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Ciências da Educação e Saúde, Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
Gabriel M. De La Torre
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
Jeffrey A. Bell
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
M. Cecilia Sagario
Affiliation:
Grupo de Ecología Terrestre de Neuquén, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA–CONICET and UNComahue), and Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Neuquén (CEAN), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
Cristian A. Gorosito
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
Carolina C. dos Anjos
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Camile Lugarini
Affiliation:
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Aves Silvestres, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
Vítor Q. Piacentini
Affiliation:
Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia & Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
João B. Pinho
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
Karin Kirchgatter
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Robert E. Ricklefs
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
Fabio Schunck
Affiliation:
Brazilian Committee for Ornithological Records – CBRO, Brazil
Victor R. Cueto
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET – Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Alan Fecchio, E-mail: alanfecchio@gmail.com
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Abstract

Migratory birds are implicated in dispersing haemosporidian parasites over great geographic distances. However, their role in sharing these vector-transmitted blood parasites with resident avian host species along their migration flyway is not well understood. We studied avian haemosporidian parasites in 10 localities where Chilean Elaenia, a long-distance Neotropical austral migrant species, spends part of its annual cycle to determine local parasite transmission among resident sympatric host species in the elaenia's distributional range across South America. We sampled 371 Chilean Elaenias and 1,818 birds representing 243 additional sympatric species from Brazilian wintering grounds to Argentinian breeding grounds. The 23 haemosporidian lineages found in Chilean Elaenias exhibited considerable variation in distribution, specialization, and turnover across the 10 avian communities in South America. Parasite lineage dissimilarity increased with geographic distance, and infection probability by Parahaemoproteus decreased in localities harbouring a more diverse haemosporidian fauna. Furthermore, blood smears from migrating Chilean Elaenias and local resident avian host species did not contain infective stages of Leucocytozoon, suggesting that transmission did not take place in the Brazilian stopover site. Our analyses confirm that this Neotropical austral migrant connects avian host communities and transports haemosporidian parasites along its distributional range in South America. However, the lack of transmissive stages at stopover site and the infrequent parasite lineage sharing between migratory host populations and residents at breeding and wintering grounds suggest that Chilean Elaenias do not play a significant role in dispersing haemosporidian parasites, nor do they influence local transmission across South America.

Keywords

Avian malariahaemosporidian transmissionhost migrationLeucocytozoonParahaemoproteusparasite specificityparasite turnoverPlasmodium
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Issue 13 , November 2022 , pp. 1760 - 1768
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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