Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T02:00:26.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The History of the Oil Industry in Independent Estonia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

David M. Crowe Jr.
David M. Crowe Jr.*
Affiliation:
Elon College
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Estonia emerged from World War I economically devastated, with no significant industrial base to build its economy. Yet, within twenty years, it had come to play an important economic role among the Baltic states and seemed destined to assume an equally important position throughout northeastern Europe because of its wise development of its vast oil shale deposits.

Type
Articles
Information
Nationalities Papers , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , Spring 1978 , pp. 9 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © 1978 by the Association for the Study of the Nationalities (USSR and East Europe) Inc. 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, 1918–1928 (Tallinnas: Riigi Polevkivitööstus Kirjastus, 1928), pp. 9–10; Paul N. Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia (Tartu: H. Laakman, 1927), pp. 3–5.Google Scholar

2. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, pp. 9–19; United States, Department of State Consular Trade Reports, American Consulate, Tallinn, No. 298462, December 17, 1928, p. 6. Hereafter referred to as CTR; “Speech, Estonian Minister of Economic Affairs, February, 1938,” in “Development of Estonian Oilshale Industry in 1937,” CTR, No. 8315, April 2, 1938, p. 2; Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia, p. 6.Google Scholar

3. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, pp. 35–38; “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” in CTR, No. 330729, February 15, 1930, p. 2; “Present Status of the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” in CTR, No. 67150, June 17, 1933, p. 2.Google Scholar

4. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, pp. 35–36, 44; Paul N. Kogerman, “The Natural Resources of Estonia,” in “Estonia: Economic and Financial Progress,” The Banker, v. 45(March, 1938), p. 343; Arvo Horm, “The Estonian Shale Oil Industry,” in CTR, American Legation, Stockholm, No. 3458, 860i.6363/6.244, June 2, 1944, pp. 1 2; Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia, pp. 9 13.Google Scholar

5. “Mineral Deposits and Industries of Estonia,” in CTR, No. 298462, December 17, 1928, p. 6; Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia, p. 6.Google Scholar

6. “Present Status of the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 18; “Mineral Deposits and Industries of Estonia,” p. 6; “Report, Estonian State Oil Shale Industry, 1928,” in “The Estonian State Oil Shale Industry in 1927,” in CTR, No. 290203, August 27, 1928, p. 2.Google Scholar

7. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, pp. 111–112; “Mineral Deposits and Industries of Estonia,” pp. 7–8.Google Scholar

8. “Present Status of the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” pp. 7, 19; Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia, p. 7.Google Scholar

9. Ibid., p. 6.Google Scholar

10. “Kütte Jöud A. G., Annual Report, 1926,” in CTR, No. 25355, April 4, 1927, p. 19; “Mineral Deposits and Industries of Estonia,” p. 11.Google Scholar

11. CTR, No. 219766, April 16, 1926, p. 11.Google Scholar

12. “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 5.Google Scholar

13. CTR, No. 219766, April 16, 1926, p. 12; CTR, No. 254555, July 5, 1927, p. 13.Google Scholar

14. “Report, Estonian State Oil Shale Industry, 1928,” pp. 3–4; “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 6; Kogerman, The Oil-Shale Industry of Estonia, pp. 19–20.Google Scholar

15. “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” pp. 7–9.Google Scholar

16. “Report, Estonian State Oil Shale Industry, 1928,” p. 8; “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 7.Google Scholar

17. “Petroleum Refineries in Estonia,” CTR, No. 231433, November 23, 1926, p. 2; “Estonian Department of Commerce Information Sheet,” No. 10(June 16, 1928), in CTR, No. 287487, July 25, 1928, p. 3.Google Scholar

18. Riigi Polevkivitööstus, pp. 84–97, 104–109.Google Scholar

19. “Interview with Mr. H. Christenson, Sales Manager of Eestima Olikonsortsium,” and “Interview with Mr. M. Raud, Manager of the Estonian State Oil Shale Industry,” in “Production of Gasoline in Estonia,” CTR, No. 285431, July 17, 1928, pp. 3–4; “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 7.Google Scholar

20. “Mineral Deposits and Industries of Estonia,” p. 15.Google Scholar

21. “Recent Developments in the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” p. 8; “Competition in the Estonian Gasoline Market,” CTR, No. 290343, August 30, 1928, pp. 2–3; CTR, No. 301750, January 25, 1925, p. 2.Google Scholar

22. Ibid., p. 10.Google Scholar

23. Ibid., p. 13.Google Scholar

24. CTR, No. 235355, April 4, 1927, p. 20.Google Scholar

25. “Meerits-Carlson Conversation,” in CTR, No. 334477, April 7, 1930, p. 31.Google Scholar

26. “Present Status of the Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” pp. 6, 11–12.Google Scholar

27. “Activities and Expansion of the Estonian Oil Industry,” in CTR, No. 58330, January 20, 1936, p. 3.Google Scholar

28. “Monthly Review of the Estonian Review of Economic Research,” No. 11 (October, 1935), and “Monthly Review of the Estonian Review of Economic Research,” No. 1(January, 1936), in CTR, No. 58330, January 20, 1936, Enclosures 1 and 2.Google Scholar

29. Ibid., pp. 6–9.Google Scholar

30. Ibid., pp. 6–9.Google Scholar

31. “Annual Report-Review of Estonia's Foreign Trade in 1933,” in CTR, No. 8540, January 23, 1934, p. 14; “Semi-Annual Economic Review, Estonia,” in CTR, No. 44861, July 8, 1935, pp. 19–20; “Semi-Annual Economic Review, Estonia,” in CTR, No. 62577, March 29, 1936, p. 5; “Estonia: Economic Report for the Week ended April 25, 1936,” in CTR, No. 64217, April 25, 1936, p. 3.Google Scholar

32. “Estonia: Economic Report for the Week ended June 13, 1936,” in CTR, No. 67104, June 13, 1936, p. 3; “Estonia: Economic Report for the Week ended October 3, 1936,” in CTR, No. 74139, October 3, 1936, p. 4.Google Scholar

33. “Estonia: Economic Review for the Week ended October 24, 1936,” in CTR, No. 75709, October 24, 1936, pp. 3–4; “Estonia: Economic Report for the Week ended June 13, 1936,” in CTR, No. 67104, June 15, 1936, pp. 2–3;, Speech, Estonian Minister of Economic Affairs, State Economic Council, December 15, 1936,” in “Annual Report on Commerce and Industries,” in CTR, No. 3113, January, 1937, pp. 3, 9.Google Scholar

34. “Development of Estonian Oilshale Industry in 1937,” in CTR, No. 8315, April 2, 1938, pp. 3–4.Google Scholar

35. Villabaud Raud, Estonia: A Reference Book (New York: The Nordic Press, Inc., 1953), p. 153; “Development of Estonian Oilshale Industry in 1937,” pp. 4–5; “Annual Report on Commerce and Industries—Estonia,” in CTR, No. 3767, January 30, 1939, p. 7.Google Scholar

36. “Economic Review for the Quarter ended June 30, 1938, Estonia,” in CTR, No. 14710, July 14, 1938, p. 2.Google Scholar

37. Paevaleht, November 5, 1938, in “Estonia, Economic Review for the Week ended November 12, 1938,” in CTR, No. 22670, November 14, 1938, p. 5; “Economic Review for the Quarter ended June 30, 1938, Estonia,” in CTR, No. 14710, July 14, 1938, pp. 2–3.Google Scholar

38. “Report, First Estonian Oil Shale Industry,” in “Estonia: Economic Review for the Week ended June 11, 1938,” in CTR, No. 12970, June 11, 1938, p. 2; Paevaleht, July 9, 1938, in “Estonia: Economic Review for the Week ended July 10, 1938,” in CTR, No. 14553, July 11, 1938, p. 3; “Construction Activities in Estonia during the Second Half of 1938,” in CTR, No. 5929, February 28, 1939, p. 5.Google Scholar

39. “Estonian Economic Review for the Quarter ended September 30, 1938,” in CTR, No. 20733, October 8, 1938, p. 2.Google Scholar

40. “Annual Report on Commerce and Industries, Estonia, 1939,” in CTR, No. 4844, January 25, 1940, p. 24; “Report: The State Central Bureau of Statistics, Tallinn,” in CTR, No. 11295, April 16, 1940, p. 2.Google Scholar

41. “Annual Report on Commerce and Industries, Estonia, 1939,” p. 14; “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended September 9, 1939,” in CTR, No. 18619, September 9, 1939, p. 3.Google Scholar

42. “Annual Report on Commerce and Industries, Estonia, 1939,” p. 3.Google Scholar

43. “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended November 25, 1939,” in CTR, No. 24998, November 29, 1939, p. 4; “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended January 13, 1940,” in CTR, No 3883, January 13, 1940, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar

44. “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended July 8, 1939,” in CTR, No. 14487, July 10, 1939,” pp. 12; “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended January 13, 1940,” pp. 1–2; “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended February 17, 1940,” in CTR, No. 4873, February 17, 1940, pp. 3–4; “Estonian Economic Review for the Week ended March 9, 1940,” in CTR, No. 8570, March 9, 1940, p. 3.Google Scholar

45. Steinhardt to Hull, November 11, 1940, No. 1520, 86ON.51/8, pp. 2–3; Horm, p. 5.Google Scholar