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Cancrinite–vishnevite solid solution from Cinder Lake (Manitoba, Canada): crystal chemistry and implications for alkaline igneous rocks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2018

Tânia Martins ,
Ryan Kressall ,
Luca Medici  and
Anton R. Chakhmouradian
Tânia Martins*
Affiliation:
Manitoba Geological Survey, 360-1395 Ellice Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3G 3P2, Canada
Ryan Kressall
Affiliation:
Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
Luca Medici
Affiliation:
CNR – Istituto di Metodologie per l’Analisi Ambientale, Tito Scalo, I–85050 Potenza, Italy
Anton R. Chakhmouradian
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 125 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
*
*E-mail: tania.martins@gov.mb.ca
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Abstract

This paper presents a microbeam (electron microprobe, Raman spectroscopic and X-ray microdiffraction) study of cancrinite-group minerals of relevance to alkaline igneous rocks. A solid solution is known to exist between cancrinite and vishnevite with the principal substitutions being CO32- by SO42- and Ca for Na. In the present study, several intermediate members of the cancrinite–vishnevite series from a syenitic intrusion at Cinder Lake (Manitoba, Canada), were used to examine how chemical variations in this series affect their spectroscopic and structural characteristics. The Cinder Lake samples deviate from the ideal cancrinite-vishnevite binary owing to the presence of cation vacancies. The only substituent elements detectable by electron microprobe are K, Sr and Fe (0.03-0.70, 0-0.85 and 0-0.45 wt.% respective oxides). The following Raman bands are present in the spectra of these minerals: ∼631 cm-1 and ∼984-986 cm-1 [SO42- vibration modes]; ∼720-774 cm -1 and ∼1045-1060 cm -1 [CO32- vibration modes]; and ∼3540 cm -1 and 3591 cm -1 [H2O vibration modes]. Our study shows a clear relationship between the chemical composition and Raman characteristics of intermediate members of the cancrinite-vishnevite series, especially with regard to stretching modes of the CO32- and SO42- anions. From cancrinite-poor (Ccn65) to cancrinite-dominant (Ccn913) compositions, the SO42- vibration modes disappear from the Raman spectrum, giving way to CO32- modes. X-ray microdiffraction results show a decrease in unit-cell parameters towards cancrinite-dominant compositions: a = 12.664 (1) Å, c = 5.173(1) Å for vishnevite (Ccn22); a = 12.613 (1) Å, c = 5.132(1) Å for cancrinite (Ccn71). Our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy and X-ray microdiffraction are effective for in situ identification of microscopic grains of cancrinite-vishnevite where other methods (e.g. infrared spectroscopy) are inapplicable. The petrogenetic implications of cancrinite-vishnevite relations for tracing early- to late-stage evolution of alkaline magmas are discussed.

Keywords

cancrinitevishnevitefeldspathoid syenitealkaline igneous rocksRaman spectroscopyX-ray microdiffractionCinder LakeManitoba
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 81 , Issue 5 , October 2017 , pp. 1261 - 1277
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2017

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