Over the past 10-15 years, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatrics stroke. Accordingly, the focus of much research has turned to understanding factors that determine neurological and neuropsychological outcomes in this population. This Continuing Education (CE) course will start by defining key terms in the field of pediatric stroke and reviewing current understanding of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical treatment. Next, we will review recent neuropsychological literature on cognitive outcomes following pediatric stroke, highlighting the vulnerability of the developing brain, the long-term deficits that often result from early disruption of brain function and subsequent brain development, and the significant variability in outcomes seen across individuals. Heterogeneity in outcomes has been linked to a range of clinical and demographic factors, including those related to the brain (e.g., stroke type, lesion location and size, adaptive and maladaptive patterns of reorganization), the child (e.g., age at stroke, age at assessment, comorbid neurological conditions) and the environment (family stress, parent mental health, educational support). Multi-disciplinary approaches to intervention will also be discussed. Finally, directions for future research will also be outlined, as we are just starting to understand how these factors interact to impact neurocognitive outcome and resiliency following pediatric stroke.

Upon conclusion of this course, learners will be able to:

1. 1. Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and neurological outcomes associated with stroke in infants and children

2. 2. Illustrate the variability in neuropsychological outcomes after pediatric stroke and highlight important determining factors of these outcomes

3. 3. Apply current research into outcomes and treatments to neuropsychological practice